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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Assessment of the literature about Be-W mixed material layer formation in the fusion reactor environment

Abstract All plasma facing surfaces in a fusion reactor, whether initially pure or an alloy, will rapidly evolve into a mixed material due to plasma-induced erosion, migration and redeposition. Beryllium (Be) erosion from the main chamber, and its transport and deposition on to a tungsten (W) divertor results in the growth of mixed Be-W layers, which can evolve to form beryllides. These Be-W mixed materials exhibit generally less desirable properties than pure tungsten or pure beryllium, such as lower melting points. In order to better understand the parameter space for growth of these alloys, this paper reviews the literature on Be-W mixed material formation experiments—in magnetically confined fusion reactors, in linear plasma test stands, and during thin-film deposition—and on computational modeling of Be-W interactions, as well as briefly assesses the Be-W growth kinetics. We conclude that the following kinetic steps drive the material mixing: adsorption of the implanted/deposited ion on the metal surface; diffusion of the implanted/deposited ion from surface into the bulk, which is accelerated by defects; and loss of deposited material through erosion. Adsorption dominates (or prevents) material mixing in thin-film deposition experiments, whereas diffusion drives material mixing in plasma exposures due to the energetic ion implantation.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Electric accumulation of millicharged particles

A terrestrial population of millicharged particles that interact significantly with normal matter can arise if they make up a dark matter subcomponent or if they are light enough to be produced in cosmic-ray air showers. Such particles thermalize to terrestrial temperatures through repeated scatters with normal matter in Earth’s environment. We show that a simple electrified shell (for example, a Van de Graaff generator) functions as an efficient accumulator of such room-temperature millicharged particles, parametrically enhancing their local density by as much as 12 orders of magnitude. This can be used to boost the sensitivity of any detector housed in the shell’s interior, such as ion traps and tests of Coulomb’s law. In a companion paper, we apply this specifically to Cavendish tests of Coulomb’s law, and we show that a well-established setup can probe a large region of unexplored parameter space, with sensitivity to the irreducible density of millicharged particles generated from cosmic rays that outperforms future accelerator searches for sub-GeV masses.

Berlin, Asher [Fermilab] (ORCID:0000000211561482)↗
DOE OSTI2021

A metabolic modeling platform for the computation of microbial ecosystems in time and space (COMETS)

Genome-scale stoichiometric modeling of metabolism has become a standard systems biology tool for modeling cellular physiology and growth. Extensions of this approach are emerging as a valuable avenue for predicting, understanding and designing microbial communities. Computation of microbial ecosystems in time and space (COMETS) extends dynamic flux balance analysis to generate simulations of multiple microbial species in molecularly complex and spatially structured environments. Here we describe how to best use and apply the most recent version of COMETS, which incorporates a more accurate biophysical model of microbial biomass expansion upon growth, evolutionary dynamics and extracellular enzyme activity modules. In addition to a command-line option, COMETS includes user-friendly Python and MATLAB interfaces compatible with the well-established COBRA models and methods, as well as comprehensive documentation and tutorials. Overall, this protocol provides a detailed guideline for installing, testing and applying COMETS to different scenarios, generating simulations that take from a few minutes to several days to run, with broad applicability to microbial communities across biomes and scales.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

AMTS update for STTR

Advanced nuclear reactor systems currently in development include designs that utilize higher energy neutron spectrums, higher temperatures, and corrosive environments that are quite different from the current fleet of nuclear power plants in use today. As a result, new structural materials must be developed and qualified for use to support these advanced systems. For example, research is currently being conducted on a new class of materials known as multi-principle-element-alloys. These alloys show some promise to be able to meet the structural needs of these challenging reactor systems. However, due to the vast available compositional space, and the limited amount of research conducted thus far, Idaho National Laboratory (INL)sought a way to advanced mechanical testing capability for highly irradiated structural materials to increase both throughput and higher fidelity data analysis through incorporation of digital image correlation. The Automated Mechanical Testing System accomplishes these tasks by automating the testing and incorporating digital image correlation to provide higher fidelity data. INL has now received this system and is currently performing functional testing and training. INL is also performing some modifications to the system to allow for installation into a remote shielded enclosure where testing of irradiated structural materials can be performed. After testing, training, and modifications of the system are complete, INL will install the system into a shielded enclosure and begin using the system to test irradiated structural materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Optimizing Heat Recovery with Storage: Control Validation and Sensitivity Analysis of the Time-Independent Energy Recovery Plant Using Modelica

Heat recovery in large building central plants saves energy but traditionally requires simultaneous heating and cooling. The Time-Independent Energy Recovery (TIER) plant shifts this paradigm by integrating thermal energy storage (TES) to enable heat recovery regardless of concurrent demand, offering a highly efficient, space-saving solution to achieve California’s energy goals. However, its integration of heat recovery chillers, cooling-only chillers, cooling towers, and trim air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) creates growing control and sizing complexity. To overcome this, this study employs high-fidelity Modelica dynamic simulation to validate TIER control sequences and optimize equipment sizing. We translated the written Sequences of Operation into executable Control Description Language (CDL) to test logic against sub-hourly loads. This verification workflow successfully identified and resolved critical vulnerabilities, such as thermal storage freezing and equipment short-cycling, in a virtual environment prior to physical deployment. Then, the study analyzes TIER plant performance across three simulated building types in three locations, and a real building load profile, ensuring variety in heating and cooling loads, and simultaneity factors and explores sizing rules for the TES and ASHP capacity. The analysis shows that the TIER plant operates equipment efficiently leading to a plant SCOP of around 7.5 across all scenarios, higher than a traditional ASHP plant, and a viable pathway to de-risk complex system design and control through simulation to identify optimal designs that maximize energy efficiency, minimize operational costs, and ensure robust operation in varied environmental conditions, thereby facilitating the broader adoption of such a solution for large buildings.

Zanetti, Ettore↗
DOE OSTI2025

Radiation‐Resistant Aluminum Alloy for Space Missions in the Extreme Environment of the Solar System

Future human exploration of the solar system demands advanced materials capable of withstanding extreme environments, particularly exposure to solar energetic particle radiation. Current material selection criteria for space applications prioritize a high strength-to-weight ratio, high corrosion resistance and manufacturability, favoring age-hardenable Al-based alloys. However, conventional precipitation-hardened Al alloys suffer from irradiation-assisted dissolution of strengthening phases at doses as low as 0.2 displacements-per-atom (dpa), undermining their performance. Furthermore, these alloys develop radiation-induced defects, such as dislocation loops and voids, even at low doses. This study presents a novel ultrafine-grained (UFG) Al-based alloy, designed using the crossover alloying concept and strengthened by T-phase precipitates, featuring a chemically-complex structure with 162 atoms in its unit cell composed of Mg 32 (Zn,Al) 49 . It is showed that T-phase precipitates have exceptional radiation tolerance up to 24 dpa. Owing to the nanoscale UFG structure, dislocation loops are suppressed, and voids are only observed beyond 75 dpa. Microtensile tests up to 20 dpa confirm the preservation of mechanical performance under irradiation. The results underline the potential of this alloy as a radiation-resistant, lightweight material for future space applications. Three key strategies enable this performance: (i) stabilization of a UFG microstructure, (ii) T-phase precipitation featuring a highly negative Gibbs free energy and chemically-complex giant unit cell, and (iii) precise process control to prevent grain growth during heat treatment and irradiation.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Leveraging Additive Manufacturing to Fabricate High Temperature Alloys With Co-Designed Mechanical Properties and Environmental Resistance

A paradigm shift in the traditional sequential design approaches is critically essential to create application-specific hierarchical and multifunctional materials with superior long-term performance for next-generation energy technologies involving extreme environments. In the current work, we aim to leverage the flexibility and geometric/compositional complexity offered by additive manufacturing to demonstrate this new approach by codesigning a compositionally graded Ni-based alloy for molten salts\sCO 2 heat exchangers to enable mitigation of environmental degradation of surfaces exposed to molten halide salts, while simultaneously suppressing the consequent deterioration in mechanical stability. Further, thermokinetic modeling describing the underlying physics of thermally- and environmentally induced spatiotemporal compositional and microstructural evolution will be employed to predict the parameter space of material deposition processes and precisely identify the required composition gradient. Preliminary corrosion and mechanical testing of the dual material demonstrated the potential of the material to replace existing solid solution strengthened materials for this application.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

An agent-based blackboard system for multi-objective optimization

In the field of multi-objective optimization, there are a multitude of algorithms from which to choose. Each algorithm has strengths and weaknesses associated with the mechanics for finding the Pareto front. Recently, researchers have begun to examine how multi-agent environments can be used to help solve multi-objective optimization problems. In this work, we propose a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on a multi-agent blackboard system (MABS). The MABS framework allows for multiple agents to read and write pertinent optimization problem data to a central blackboard agent. Agents can stochastically search the design space, use previously discovered solutions to explore local optima, or update and prune the Pareto front. A centralized blackboard framework allows the optimization problem to be solved in a cohesive manner and permits stopping, restarting, or updating the optimization problem. The MABS framework is tested against three alternative optimization algorithms across a suite of engineering design problems and typically outperforms the other algorithms in discovering the Pareto front. A parallelizability study is performed where we find that the MABS is able to evaluate a set number of designs, which require an evaluation time ranging from 0 to 300 seconds, quicker than a traditional optimization algorithm: this fact becomes more apparent the longer it takes to evaluate a design. To provide context for the benefits provided by MABS, a real-world nuclear engineering design problem is examined. MABS is used to examine the placement of experiments in a nuclear reactor, where we are able to evaluate hundreds of configurations for experimental placement while maintaining a strict set of safety constraints.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Inferring Plant Acclimation and Improving Model Generalizability With Differentiable Physics‐Informed Machine Learning of Photosynthesis

Net photosynthesis (A N ) is a key component of the global carbon cycle influencing climate feedback over decadal scales. Although plant acclimation to environmental changes can modify A N , traditional vegetation models in Earth system models (ESMs) often rely on plant functional type (PFT)-specific parameterizations or simplified acclimation assumptions limiting generalizability across time, space, and PFTs. In this study, we developed a differentiable photosynthesis model to learn the environmental dependencies of V c,max25 (maximum carboxylation rate at 25°C, representing photosynthetic capacity), as this genre of hybrid physics-informed machine learning can seamlessly train neural networks and process-based equations together. Compared to PFT-specific parameterization of V c,max25 , learning the environment dependencies of key photosynthetic parameters improved model spatiotemporal generalizability. Applying environmental acclimation to V c,max25 led to substantial variations in global mean A N indicating the need to address acclimation in ESMs. The model effectively captured multivariate observations (V c,max25 , A N , and stomatal conductance (g s )) simultaneously with multivariate constraints, improving generalization across space and PFTs. It also learned sensible acclimation relationships of V c,max25 to different environmental conditions. The model explained more than 54%, 57%, and 62% of the variance of A N , g s , and V c,max25 , respectively, presenting a first global-scale spatial test benchmark of A N and g s . These results highlight the potential for differentiable modeling to enhance process-based modules in ESMs and effectively leverage information from large, multivariate data sets.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Wyoming CarbonSAFE: Advancing Commercialization of Low-Carbon Energy Technologies in Fossil-Rich Wyoming

Wyoming’s Powder River Basin (PRB) is the most prolific coal producer and exporter in the United States and the State of Wyoming’s largest oil-producing basin. In addition to being a leading energy producer, the PRB is the site of research programs whose aim is to develop and integrate low-carbon technologies into existing fossil fuel energy industries. Much of the PRB’s low-carbon research is focused around Dry Fork Station (DFS), which is the newest coal-fired power station in the western US. Currently, DFS hosts five carbon capture projects, including pilot-scale capture projects that utilize different capture technologies and a full front-end engineering and design (FEED) study, a commercial CO 2 pipeline for nearby CO 2 -enhanced oil recovery industry, and is also co-located with the Wyoming Integrated Test Center, which is a host facility for unconventional carbon utilization research (i.e. flue gas carbon-to-products innovations). DFS is also the host site for the Wyoming CarbonSAFE project. Wyoming CarbonSAFE, funded by the Department of Energy/National Energy Technology Laboratory, is a multi-phased program (currently in Phase II) whose core objective is developing and validating storage sites within a complex capable of storing 50 million metric tonnes of CO 2 over a 30 year project period using carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS). This paper will provide an overview of the project to-date, showing that CarbonSAFE goals are achievable with respect to geologic, environmental, regulatory, CO 2 source and economic conditions, and why the State of Wyoming offers one of the more favorable environments to advance the commercialization studies. In 2019, the project team designed and completed a ~10,000 foot stratigraphic test well just south of DFS. From this well, the team collected over 600 feet of core, fluid samples from target injection zones, and a full petrophysical log suite. In addition, legacy 2D seismic lines were acquired and a 3D seismic survey was acquired in the fall of 2020. The objective of these field activities has been to identify and characterize target storage reservoirs and associated caprock. This complex has several reservoirs that could meet commercial injection goals, and over 4000 feet of associated caprock. Simulations of site performance suggest that stacked injection provides the most effective storage strategy, and would necessitate several sites within the greater complex to meet final project injection goals. Other work within this project includes the development of a business-case around proximal fields with CO 2 -enhanced oil recovery potential and existing tax credits, assessment of regulatory conditions, including pore space ownership and Class VI injection well permitting requirements, implementation of a robust public outreach Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3821220 GHGT-15 McLaughlin 2 program, and surface site characterization activities that have focused on environmental factors. In the PRB and at DFS, the State of Wyoming and other entities have made carbon management a priority of its future energy industry by providing a regulatory and business framework that is favorable to advancing these technologies. These endeavors will become more realistic with the successful implementation of Wyoming CarbonSAFE, and its ability to secure and validate commercial-scale CCUS at the center of Wyoming’s premier low-carbon research efforts.

McLaughlin, Fred↗
DOE OSTI2022

SULI Research Report Paper

The Intelligence and Space Research Group 4 (ISR-4) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory focuses on signal processing and developing space electronics for various national security missions. The Space and Atmospheric Burst Reporting System (SABRS) is a sensing payload designed for nuclear detonation detection. As the sensors from previous payloads become obsolete, the requirement for a novel payload design increases. SABRS Prime is the successor to the previous SABRS payloads and is scheduled for delivery in 2028. As part of the SABRS Prompt Gamma Instrument Interface Board, high frequency signals from silicon photomultiplier tubes need to be split and subsequently transmitted to the Analog to Digital Converter. Prior to developing the Space Grade Instrument Interface Board, evaluation modules with Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components are evaluated and tested under rigorous conditions. Verification of power levels and gain specifications are some of the important steps taken during the evaluation stage. Working on the Signal Splitting Board has enabled me to work with various schematic software applications and learn more about the processes behind designing space grade electronic components. In addition, I conducted research on efficiency improvements for space-based power systems. Changes in design approaches were found to be the most significant sources of improvement. Being able to interact with researchers and peers across various scientific disciplines has given me a better insight into my future pursuits. Working in a R&D environment has cemented my decision to work on space applications for Quantum Sensing and pursue a PhD in Electrical Engineering. The SULI internship program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory has helped me develop the skillset of a researcher, understand the rigorous processes behind developing space grade hardware, and improve my critical thinking abilities to support the development of reliable instrumentation for deep space missions.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2023

Decision-making Framework to Support the End-of-Life Management of High-Activity Radioactive Sources

Sealed radioactive sources are used for an extremely wide range of purposes, including as radiation sources in various nuclear facilities, universities, hospitals, biomedical and industrial applications, as well as for geological prospecting and exploration. The proper management of these sealed radioactive sources once they have reached their end-of-life is still a global challenge. Very few field-tested Mobile Hot Cells (MHC) exist in the world to support the end-of-life management of disused high-activity radioactive sources. One of the critical challenges that a source recovery team encounters on each site is to find adequate space, and access to that space to complete the staging and recapture process with a MHC; this process is tedious, uncertain, and time-consuming. Therefore, it is essential to understand the planning and management of the MHC setup and takedown. Currently, there isn't an single capable planning tool that will provide an effective medium to plan, inform, educate, and communicate knowledge about the environment where the MHC will be deployed. We present a novel approach for the planning and management of the deployment of the MHC to several different sites that relies on technology. Furthermore, this planning tool will support collaboration, promote information sharing, and foster better decision making processes, resulting in a more efficient, and reliable setup and source recovery with the MHC.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Cosmological constraints from density-split clustering in the BOSS CMASS galaxy sample

We present a clustering analysis of the BOSS DR12 CMASS galaxy sample, combining measurements of the galaxy two-point correlation function and density-split clustering down to a scale of $1 \, h^{-1}\, \text{Mpc}$. Our theoretical framework is based on emulators trained on high-fidelity mock galaxy catalogues that forward model the cosmological dependence of the clustering statistics within an extended-ΛCDM framework, including redshift-space and Alcock–Paczynski distortions. Our base-ΛCDM analysis finds ω cdm = 0.1201 ± 0.0022, σ 8 = 0.792 ± 0.034, and n s = 0.970 ± 0.018, corresponding to fσ 8 = 0.462 ± 0.020 at z ≈ 0.525, which is in agreement with Planck 2018 predictions and various clustering studies in the literature. We test single-parameter extensions to base-ΛCDM, varying the running of the spectral index, the dark energy equation of state, and the density of mass-less relic neutrinos, finding no compelling evidence for deviations from the base model. We model the galaxy–halo connection using a halo occupation distribution framework, finding signatures of environment-based assembly bias in the data. We validate our pipeline against mock catalogues that match the clustering and selection properties of CMASS, showing that we can recover unbiased cosmological constraints even with a volume 84 times larger than the one used in this study.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Measuring Neptunium Concentration using Optical Spectrometry for the Pu-238 Supply Program

Targets containing 237 Np are irradiated at the High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to produce 238 Pu, as plutonium dioxide (PuO 2 ), a heat source material for use in future NASA space missions. Kilogram quantities of Np are processed yearly and developing methods to efficiently characterize and monitor the Np processing streams with optical spectroscopy and real-time monitoring software is a critical aspect of this effort. Here, we evaluate how ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) absorbance and Raman spectroscopic techniques are applicable to characterizing concentrated Np solutions and provide proof-of-principle and proof-of-concept results for each technique. Both techniques were tested in lab-scale studies and should improve the timeliness of production efforts. However, spectrophotometry is the more mature option and has been successfully demonstrated in a hot cell environment. An overview of the initial findings, a brief demonstration, and areas for future work will be highlighted in this report.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Characterizing The Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Foams

The Department of Energy has many radioactive facilities that are on the path of deactivation and decommissioning (D and D). These facilities can sit cold and dark for many years before final disposition, and must be maintained to ensure no radiological release occurs in the interim. Improvements and additions to D and D tool sets can greatly: Save time and money, Reduce worker risk. Conventional fixatives widely used often take the form of paints or films that are not readily applicable to 3-dimensional void spaces. Foams are one promising platform that may offer solutions to a number of contaminated problem sets such as: Gloveboxes, Pipes, Tanks. SRNL is working to characterize various commercial foams that would encapsulate the interior volume of a given space and are capable of immobilizing any remaining contamination. One key performance metric of these foams is how well they will perform in an accident scenario. To this end, SRNL is researching the mechanical properties of these foams to ensure that the material can withstand the environment of application while maintaining structural integrity. ASTM standard E3191-18 served as a guiding document for this project, outlining the requirements that foaming fixatives used for the mitigation of radioactive contamination need to meet before being implemented. Objective: Quantification of the mechanical properties of 6 commercial polyurethane foams was performed using multiple ASTM standards to record measurements for: Compression testing: Flexible Foams, Force required to produce 50% compression, Rigid Foams, Compressive and apparent modulus, Point of 10% core deformation, The 'Zero Deformation' point, Compressive strength, Yield point. Tensile testing: Tensile strength, Tensile stress, Percent elongation. Experiment 1: An electromechanical compressive tester (MTS Criterion Series 43) was used to evaluate 6 foams (4 flexible, 2 rigid). Per ASTM D1621, each rigid foam was compressed at 10% of the measured thickness per minute until the sample was 13% of it's original thickness. Per ASTM D35/4, each flexible foam was pre-flexed twice to 80% original thickness at a rate of 250 mm/min, then compressed to 80% original thickness at a rate of 50 mm/min. Experiment 2: An electromechanical tensile tester (MTS Criterion Series 43) was used to evaluate 6 foams (4 flexible, 2 rigid). Per ASTM D1623, rigid foams were pulled apart at a rate of 1.27 mm/min until the sample broke. Per ASTM D35/4, flexible foams were pulled apart at a rate of 500 mm/min until the sample broke. The strongest material in both compression and tensile testing scenarios was found to be the rigid intumescent polyurethane Hilti foam. The experiments revealed that the Hilti foam in a tensile scenario had a peak stress value that was larger than the closest competitor by a factor of 2.3 and a compressive yield point that was larger than the closest competitor by a factor of 1.4, indicating that the Hilti foam is the best choice for implementation in mechanically harsh environments. The performance metrics measured can serve as a basis for future mechanical tests that would help set relevant ASTM standards (E3191) for intumescent polyurethane foams in fixating applications. Tests like surface adhesion, impact, and flame tests would serve as a better indicator as to how this material would perform in environmentally harsh scenarios often found in decommissioned nuclear facilities. Further tests of the foams' intumescent properties would also be important should these foams be implemented in environmentally harsh scenarios.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Development of Temperature Compensation Tools for SPNDs Operating in High Temperature Environments

Two rhodium-based self-powered neutron detectors (Rh-SPNDs) were irradiated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Reactor as a follow-on experiment to the heated irradiation previously conducted at the Neutron Radiography facility at Idaho National Laboratory. The experiment was conducted over the temperature ranges of 600-850°C to further examine the effects of temperature on the Rh-SPNDs. Four tests of varying temperature and power were performed. The tests identified two types of temperature effects consistent with historical evaluations. One effect is a prompt proportionality to temperature at steady-state reactor power due to the decrease in Rh-SPND insulation resistance. The other effect is a delayed effect generated from displacement currents generated by changing the space charge within the insulator as a function of temperature. The result of this experiment demonstrates a characterizable responses to temperature that is feasible for developing a temperature compensation tool for SPND operating in high temperatures. The characteristics identified in this experiment will be integrated within the delayed-response compensation techniques for FY23 evaluation.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2026

Oscillation-independent probes of nonstandard neutrino interactions from supernovae

Extreme astrophysical environments provide unique laboratories for testing fundamental neutrino interactions. We present the first oscillation-independent astrophysical probe of nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI), using coincident neutral-current signals across diverse detectors to break degeneracies that have long limited sensitivity reach. Using self-consistent NSI supernova simulations and flavor-independent neutral-current scattering we show that anticorrelated signatures between JUNO liquid scintillator and dark matter detectors such as DARWIN/XLZD, ARGO, or RES-NOVA enable clear discrimination between NSI and flavor-conversion effects. For a Galactic supernova at Betelgeuse distance our approach enables an independent probe of neutrino-quark NSI couplings in parameter space that can reach and extend beyond current terrestrial limits. This multidetector approach enables breaking degeneracies in terrestrial searches and is broadly applicable to a wide range of upcoming experiments, establishing a new principle for testing fundamental interactions with astrophysical data.

Beatty, Angela R. [San Francisco State U.; LBL, Be↗
DOE OSTI2024

CloudZero Phase 2 Technical Report

Expand upon the successful Phase 1 net zero cloud test proof of concept by moving actual OT systems to the cloud and proving cloud feasibility to support various OT technologies such as IoT, Machine Learning, etc. Explore threat analysis when these technologies are moved to the cloud. A detailed analysis in NREL ARIES Cyber Range will be used to conduct deeper analysis of cloud suitability to support OT and net zero system operations in a higher fidelity representative environment. Outputs will identify, quantify, and document the results and cyber security risks associated with the move of these OT technologies in a formal delivered report. Programmatic Benefits: Identify cloud integration challenges for energy systems characterize the cloud threat space, contribute to policy and standards discussions, empower the sector to change their cloud culture where appropriate.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗