Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Spruce”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Sapflow and xylem water isotopes from Snodgrass Mountain, East River Watershed, Colorado USA

This dataset includes sapflux and stable water isotopes of soil water and xylem water for aspen, fir and spruce trees along the Snodgrass Mountain transect in the East River Watershed, Colorado USA. The purpose of generating this dataset was to understand: (1) the total flux of water being used by trees in the watershed, (2) separate the component of transpiration that was derived from recent precipitation vs. older water such as winter precipitation of groundwater and (3) understand how total water use and water sources for the trees varies between species and position on a hillslope. The data were collected from May 2019 until October 2022. The sap flux data were collected using ICT SFM1 sensors and are presented in both units of cm h^-1 and as kg h^-1 by multiplying the sap flux by the sapwood area of the tree. All sap flow data has been been corrected using estimates of wounding diameter, water content of wood and sap wood depth. The xylem water isotope data were collected approximately weekly from each of the trees instrumented with sap flux. The stems were collected and the water extracted using classic cryogenic methods. Isotope measurements were done using a Picarro 2140i analyzer. We provide an estimate of the Seasonal Origin Index for each measurements following Allen et al., 2019 (10.5194/hess-23-1199-2019) where values of -1 equate to trees relying on winter precipitation and +1 tree relying on summer precipitation. We also provide the simultaneous sap flux for each isotope measurement when this data was available. This is an update to an earlier data repository with the same name that only included 2019 data. The new dataset was posted in January 2023 and is inclusive of the original 2019 data but now includes 2021 and 2022 data. Please note there was an error in the units of transpiration in the original dataset. It was incorrectly listed as mm h-1 when it should have been kg h-1. This change was made in May 2024.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Data from: "Colonisation of the alpine tundra by trees: alpine neighbours assist late-seral but not early-seral conifer seedlings"

This archive contains data used to support conclusions made in “Colonisation of the alpine tundra by trees: alpine neighbours assist late-seral but not early-seral conifer seedlings”, by Jabis et al., 2020. Data were collected in the alpine field location of the Alpine Treeline Warming Experiment (ATWE), on Niwot Ridge, in the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA.This package includes survivorship and physiology data for limber pine (Pinus flexilis), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), and Rocky Mountain snowlover (Chionophila jamesii). Site climate data such as soil moisture and temperature are also included. This data package contains ten comma-separated-values (.csv) files, and two rich-text-format (.rtf) files all compressed within one folder named “Neighbor_data_repository.zip”. Both file types can be opened by text-edit softwares such as TextEdit (Mac) and Notepad (Windows). The files are also compatible with analyses softwares such as R. .csv files can also be opened by Microsoft Excel. Two geospatial datasets are also included in this archive: one keyhole markup language (.kml) file with four points marking the corners of the study site, and a compressed file containing two ESRI shapefiles (.shp). The .kml files can be opened with Google Earth or Google Maps, and the shapefiles can be opened using any geographic information system applications, including the entire ArcGIS suite, and QGIS. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The elevation mountain treeline is expected to shift upward with climate warming, and seed germination and seedling survival are critical local controls on treeline expansion. Neighboring alpine plants, either through competition for resources or through altering the microclimate, can also affect seedling emergence and survival. We asked whether establishing tree seedlings and an alpine herb are similarly sensitive to alpine plant neighbours under ambient and altered climate. We imposed active heating, watering, and neighbor removal experiments for emerging conifer seedlings and an alpine herb.We compared target plant survival, photosynthetic efficiency, and water use efficiency under ambient and experimental conditions. Picea engelmannii seedlings showed lower survival compared with Pinus flexilis three weeks following neighbour removal, and after 1 year only survived in watered plots. Pinus seedlings responded to neighbour removal by lowering the quantum yield of photosynthesis (ϕPSII). Contrary to expectations from the stress gradient hypothesis, survival was reduced without neighbours near the low-elevation range limit of Chionophila jamesii.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Daily water stable isotopes, transpiration, and matrix potential data for an aspen and engelmann stand in the East River Watershed (version 2)

We provide daily stable isotope (2H & 18O) ratios in soil water and xylem (plant stem) water, as well as the sap flow (transpiration) and the soil's matric potential at a forested site near Gothic, Colorado, in the East River catchment. We measured the stable isotopic composition of the transpiration and the daily transpiration flux sum of three aspen and three engelmann spruce. In both forest stands, we installed a soil profile and measured the soil matric potential at 15, 30, and 60 cm depth as well as the stable isotopes of soil pore water at 5, 10, 30, 60, and 90 cm depths. All isotope measurements were done in situ via vapor probes connected to a cavity ring down spectrometer (Picarro L1240i).We further report the daily meteorological data observed at billy barr near our study site. We also provide for each tree the relative share of root water uptake derived from the isotope measurements via a Bayesian mixing model (MixSIAR).The daily data is provided as a time series in "Iso_MP_Sap_DataDaily_ESSDiveUpload.csv" and the units are provided in "dd.csv"; the location of the instrumented trees and soil profiles are given as latitude and longitude coordinates saved as CSV and KMZ files; and a file-level metadata (flmd.csv) file that lists each file contained in the dataset with associated metadata.The data was gathered to investigate the short-term changes of the water sources (i.e., variation of root water uptake from different soil depths) of the studied subalpine trees.Update 07/16/2025: The relative and absolute plant water uptake depths were grouped to ensure that the MixSIAR model was applied with endmembers that differed in their d2H value by at least 3 permill and at least 1 permill for d18O. Whenever the difference between observed d2H values for two or more probes at neighboring depths was less than 3 permill, we used the average value for the source water endmember. For days at which probes that were not next to each other measurements did not differ at least 3 permill, the average of all probes between these two depths was used as the water source endmember representing the depth range between these two probes.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-GLE GLEES

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-GLE GLEES. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-GLE GLEES produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - The Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES) site is located on land owned by the U.S. government and managed by US Forest Service as part of the Medicine Bow National Forest. Many of the trees in the immediate vicinity of the site are older than 400 years, inter-dispersed among trees much younger in age. This widespread age distribution is most likely a derivation of one of two scenarios: 1) A widespread stand replacement about 400 years ago followed by a slow replacement; 2) Intermittent random disturbances over the past 400 years (Bradford et al. 2008). A decade long spruce beetle outbreak that peaked in 2008 resulted in the mortality of 85% of the forested basal area. There are a few private land holdings in the area, with scattered uncorked mining claims. Following the establishment of the National Forest, mining was banned and grazing was closed in the early 1990's in the upper portion of the GLEES site. Recreation in the winter, when snow can remain in patches into the summer months, snow mobiling and cross country skiing are popular. During the limited summer, hiking, camping and fishing are common activities. The site is accessible by vehicle only during the summer on Forest Road FDR 317, and in the winter, the tower is only reachable via snowmobile.

Frank, John↗
DOE OSTI2022

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F CA-SF1 Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, forest burned in 1977

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-SF1 Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, forest burned in 1977. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-SF1 Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, forest burned in 1977 produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - Regenerated jack pine (Pinus banksiana) following fire in 1977; canopy height 6 m and LAI = 2.8. Some black spruce understory developing. Trees tend to be clumpy, with some clear spaces that can be easily walked thorugh, and other areas are thick. Fire killed coarse woody debris on the ground, that is soft and decomposing. Very few perched trunks. Understory are short shrubs such as Vaccinium and Arctostaphylus uva-ursi.

Amiro, Brian↗
DOE OSTI2023

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-Fcr Cascaden Ridge Fire Scar

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Fcr Cascaden Ridge Fire Scar. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Fcr Cascaden Ridge Fire Scar produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - Burned black spruce forest by a moderate fire at 2010

Ueyama, Masahito↗
DOE OSTI2023

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-Rpf Poker Flat Research Range: Succession from fire scar to deciduous forest

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Rpf Poker Flat Research Range: Succession from fire scar to deciduous forest. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Rpf Poker Flat Research Range: Succession from fire scar to deciduous forest produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - This tower is located near Davis Center, Poker Flat Research Range. Deciduous trees and shrubs are dominated at the burned black spruce forest.

Ueyama, Masahito↗
DOE OSTI2024

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F CA-SCC Scotty Creek Landscape

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-SCC Scotty Creek Landscape. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-SCC Scotty Creek Landscape produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - The Scotty Creek flux tower is located in an organic-rich boreal forest-wetland landscape about 50 km south of Fort Simpson in the Taiga Plains of the Mackenzie watershed. The tower was installed in 2013 and operates an open-path EC system year-round running on solar power only. Flux footprints contain about 50 % forested peat plateaus and 50 % wetlands (i.e., collapse-scar bogs). The forests are underlain by permafrost, while the treeless wetlands are permafrost-free. The tower itself is located on a forested peat plateau. Black spruce tree density on plateaus is sparse and the mean canopy height is ca. 5 m.

Sonnentag, Oliver↗
DOE OSTI2025

AmeriFlux US-CPF Cameron Peak

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-CPF Cameron Peak. Site Description - This site was established in 2021 in the wake of the Cameron Peak fire, the largest wildfire in Colorado to date. The site is situated at 3,100m elevation on a ~0.5km^2 flat ridgetop within the burn zone between Sawmill Creek and Chambers Lake. The site, populated by lodgepole pine, subalpine fir and Engelmann spruce, burned heavily in fall 2020. The tower consists of one level of construction scaffolding with instruments mounted at 4.3m height.

Frank, John [US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Res↗
DOE OSTI2025

AmeriFlux CA-LU1 Steen River

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-LU1 Steen River. Site Description - Steen River is a peat plateau that burned in extreme fire conditions in late May 2019. Prior to the fire the site was likley and open canopy of stunted black spruce and a ground layer of Labrador tea shurbs and lichen or sphagnum with around >150cm of peat. All low shrubs were consumed by the fire, Sphagnum mosees were singed but not combusted, all the trees deceased with needles, tertiary, secondary branches consumed by fire and >30% of primary branches rmained.

Schulze, Christopher [University of Alberta]↗
DOE OSTI2026

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-Uaf University of Alaska, Fairbanks

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Uaf University of Alaska, Fairbanks. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Uaf University of Alaska, Fairbanks produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - This tower is located near Smith Lake, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. The open black spruce is dominated on discontinuous permafrost.

Ueyama, Masahito [Osaka Prefecture University]↗
DOE OSTI2026

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F CA-LU1 Steen River

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-LU1 Steen River. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-LU1 Steen River produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - Steen River is a peat plateau that burned in extreme fire conditions in late May 2019. Prior to the fire the site was likley and open canopy of stunted black spruce and a ground layer of Labrador tea shurbs and lichen or sphagnum with around >150cm of peat. All low shrubs were consumed by the fire, Sphagnum mosees were singed but not combusted, all the trees deceased with needles, tertiary, secondary branches consumed by fire and >30% of primary branches rmained.

Schulze, Christopher [University of Alberta]↗
DOE OSTI2020

Mechanistic and predictive understanding of needle litter decay in semi-arid mountain ecosystems experiencing unprecedented vegetation mortality. Final report

This research compared needle litter decay rates and underlying mechanisms between litter released from insect-killed trees to that of naturally senesced litter from healthy trees across climate variables with elevation and snowmelt rates as variables. Our research was designed to address questions of whether there is a significant impact to C and N cycling at the terrestrial-atmospheric interface in association with pine needle decomposition and the role of changes in soil moisture and temperature as a function of these processes. Field activities were primarily conducted within the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory’s (RMBL) East River watershed across a spectrum of ecoregions that spanned approximately 700 vertical meters. Forested catchments at these elevations in southwestern Colorado are threatened by heat-induced drought, altered snowmelt patterns, and invasive insect infestation that have all been associated with climate change. Needle litter from two members of the Pinaceae family experiencing large-scale insect infestations (spruce and lodgepole pine) were collected, redeployed and then sampled over the course of three years. We experimentally tested three tractable parameters that are known to impact litter decay and biogeochemical cycling and are relevant to bark beetle-induced tree mortality: (1) moisture content, (2) temperature by using elevation as a surrogate, and (3) changes to litter compositional chemistry that result from beetle infestation. We examined decay processes and monitored the migration of soluble and gaseous nitrogen and carbon species as well as microbiological signatures of decay such as biodegradable fractions, metal availability and the temporal succession of associated microorganisms at the terrestrial interface.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Space and Time Dynamics of Transpiration in the East River Watershed: Biotic and Abiotic Controls

Alpine forests have important impacts on water resources by affecting how much of the precipitation that falls on a watershed is routed to streamflow or returned to the atmosphere as transpiration – so-called “green water”. In many of the high-altitude watersheds that supply critical water resources to the western US, it remains a challenge to predict how much water forests will utilize limiting the ability to predict both short and long term information on downstream water resources. The uncertainty emerges because transpiration varies between tree species, across landscapes and over time in ways that cannot readily be predicted from physically-based models for evaporation. In this project, we utilized a technique called sap flux to measure the rate of water use for three common species of fir, spruce and aspen distributed across a hillslope in the East River Watershed from 2019-2021. We also made ~weekly measurements of the concentration of stable isotopic tracers in transpiration to understand not only how much water was being used but whether it originated from summer rain or snowmelt. Firstly, our results show that the species tend to use similar amounts of total water but they achieve this similar cumulative water flux both by using water at different times of the year and by using different water sources. This shows the importance of including species-level information into models used to make seasonal streamflow predictions. Secondly, our results show that trees lower on the hillslope use older waters all through the summer whereas trees higher on the hillslope rely more heavily on recent summer rain. This means trees lower on the hillslope are less sensitive to year-to-year changes in summer climate. Lastly, we found that sites with dense forest stands displayed the largest amounts of year-to-year changes in transpiration and thus these high localized spots in the watershed are the primary drivers of changes in “green water” use. The results provide an unprecedented spatial and temporal picture of forest water use that confirms a number of fundamental hypotheses on hillslope ecohydrology that had not previously been tested against observations. Predictions of streamflow that will benefit from this work are highly valuable for agriculture management, flood control and ecological restoration efforts.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Resilient Energy Transition Planning for Ouzinkie, Alaska

This report documents an energy system planning study for the village of Ouzinkie, Alaska, conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Energy Transitions Initiative Partnership Project (ETIPP). Ouzinkie is a small remote community located on Spruce Island, Alaska, in the Kodiak Archipelago. The Ouzinkie community is served by a local electrical system powered by a combination of diesel generators and a hydroelectric turbine. Due to aging assets, however, the power system reliability has declined in recent years, while the cost of operating the diesel generators has increased significantly. To address these problems, Ouzinkie asked ETIPP to provide technical assistance to develop an updated integrated plan for improvements to the Ouzinkie power system, in order to transition to a more reliable and resilient system powered by renewable energy resources.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Research Development and Partnership Pilot (RDPP): Developing plans and partnerships for incorporating tree reproduction to understand Earth system change

The goals for this Research Development and Partnership Pilot (RDPP) proposal were to i) learn about Department of Energy (DOE) research and use the PI’s expertise on patterns and environmental drivers of tree reproduction as a basis to make connections with individuals and research groups at DOE National Laboratories, and ii) to develop plans and form partnerships that will both enhance the PI’s research. The objectives of the proj ect were for the PI to i) participate in the Department of Energy's Office of Science program in Biological and Environmental Research training and outreach activities, ii) conduct directed fact-finding on Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences Division (EESSD) research projects and new partnerships with individuals and groups at National Laboratories, ii) conduct meetings with potential collaborators at National Laboratories to discuss EESSD-relevant research ideas, and iv) to develop a plan for future research efforts. During the period of the award, the objectives of the proposal were met, as the PI attended Environmental System Sciences meetings, American Geophysical Union meetings, SPRUCE experiment meetings, and visited the Oak Ridge National Lab. These activities led to increased understanding of the research being conducted by DOE scientists and the PI had meetings with potential collaborators to develop future research plans that leverage expertise at DOE and the research interests of the PI to increase understanding of the role of tree reproduction in future carbon allocation and in tree regeneration models in boreal ecosystems.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

TES: Modelling Microbes to Predict Post-Fire Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest across Burn Severities (Exploratory Proposal)

Wildfires in boreal ecosystems represent a globally significant ecological process that is expected to be sensitive to changing climate as well as forest management strategies, but is currently insufficiently understood and represented in models. We sought to determine whether linking belowground microbial community composition, size, and activity to aboveground properties of burn severity and plant community composition (upland jack pine and upland spruce) would allow us to better model post-fire soil CO 2 fluxes using the Carbon, Organisms, Rhizosphere and Protection in the Soil Environment (CORPSE) model. We used an integrated modelling experimental approach, with mechanistic laboratory experiments designed to inform models.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Radical Coupling Reactions of Hydroxystilbene Glucosides and Coniferyl Alcohol: A Density Functional Theory Study

The monolignols, p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohol, arise from the general phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. Increasingly, however, authentic lignin monomers derived from outside this process are being identified and found to be fully incorporated into the lignin polymer. Among them, hydroxystilbene glucosides, which are produced through a hybrid process that combines the phenylpropanoid and acetate/malonate pathways, have been experimentally detected in the bark lignin of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Several interunit linkages have been identified and proposed to occur through homo-coupling of the hydroxystilbene glucosides and their cross-coupling with coniferyl alcohol. In the current work, the thermodynamics of these coupling modes and subsequent rearomatization reactions have been evaluated by the application of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The objective of this paper is to determine favorable coupling and cross-coupling modes to help explain the experimental observations and attempt to predict other favorable pathways that might be further elucidated via in vitro polymerization aided by synthetic models and detailed structural studies.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗