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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

Cartographic evaluation of ERTS orbit and attitude data

The author has identified the following significant results. Return beam vidicon corrected (bulk) images have been precisely enlarged and rectified to control at a scale of 1:500,000. The results closely approach National Map Accuracy Standards. A MSS scene corrected (precision) image has been prepared and printed by color lithography. This Lake Tahoe area scene is the first cartographic product from ERTS that was available for economical distribution to the public in large numbers.

Mcewen, R. B.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Management of natural resources through automatic cartographic inventory

The author has identified the following significant results. Return beam vidicon and multispectral band scanner imagery will be correlated with existing vegetation and geologic maps of southern France and northern Spain to develop correspondence codes between map units and space data. Microclimate data from six stations, spectral measurements from a few meters to 2 km using ERTS-type filter and spectrometers, and leaf reflectance measurements will be obtained to assist in correlation studies.

Rey, P.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Remote Sensing of Sea Ice from Earth Satellites

The application of meteorological satellite data for mapping ice fields is discussed. The characteristics of the photographic records of sea ice formations are described. The derivation of the composite minimum brightness chart by computer processing of the mapped satellite vidicon data for several successive days is explained. The factors which create a quantitative delimiting of the sea ice conditions are explained.

Mcclain, E. P.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Design study report. Volume 2: Electronic unit

The recording system discussed is required to record and reproduce wideband data from either of the two primary Earth Resources Technology Satellite sensors: Return Beam Vidicon (RBV) camera or Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS). The camera input is an analog signal with a bandwidth from dc to 3.5 MHz; this signal is accommodated through FM recording techniques which provide a recorder signal-to-noise ratio in excess of 39 db, black-to-white signal/rms noise, over the specified bandwidth. The MSS provides, as initial output, 26 narrowband channels. These channels are multiplexed prior to transmission, or recording, into a single 15 Megabit/second digital data stream. Within the recorder, the 15 Megabit/second NRZL signal is processed through the same FM electronics as the RBV signal, but the basic FM standards are modified to provide an internal, 10.5 MHz baseland response with signal-to-noise ratio of about 25 db. Following FM demodulation, however, the MSS signal is digitally re-shaped and re-clocked so that good bit stability and signal-to-noise exist at the recorder output.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1972

The contributions of Ranger photographs to understanding the geology of the moon

Vidicon photographs returned to earth by Rangers 7, 8, and 9 in 1964 and 1965 were used to study the details of lunar geologic units previously recognized from earth-based telescopic photographs and to make geologic maps at a variety of scales. The photographs from each mission changed continuously in scale as the spacecraft approached impact. The final frames had resolutions some 1,000 times better than the best earthbased photographs. Lunar stratigraphic units mapped at a scale of 1:1,000,000 displayed, at these larger scales, differences in properties and, possibly, in ages, but a clear-cut stratigraphic succession of subunits was not apparent. The plains-forming materials in both terra and mare were divisible into units mainly on the basis of the differences in the total number of superposed craters and in the relative number of craters of various morphologic types.

Trask, N. J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Hydrogeology of closed basins and deserts of South America, ERTS-1 interpretations

Images from the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-1) contain data useful in studies of hydrogeology, geomorphology, and paleoclimatology. Sixteen Return Beam Vidicon (RBV) images and 15 Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS) images were studied. These covered deserts and semidesert areas in southwestern Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, northern Chile, and southeastern Peru from July 30 to November 17, 1972. During the first 3 months after launching, high-quality cloud-free imagery was obtained over approximately 90 percent of the region of interior drainage, or an area of 170,000 square miles.

Stoertz, G. E.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Detection of turbidity dynamics in Tampa Bay, Florida using multispectral imagery from ERTS-1

In 1970, Congress authorized the deepening of the Tampa Bay channel (Rivers and Harbors Act of 1970) from 34 to 44 feet. In order to determine the effects of this deepening on circulation, water quality, and biota, during and after the construction, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Tampa Port Authority, has collected data and developed a digital simulation model of the bay. In addition to data collected using conventional tools, use is being made of data collected from ERTS-1. Return beam vidicon (RBV) multispectral data were collected, while a shell dredging barge was operating in the bay, and used for turbidity recognition and unique spectral signatures representative of type and amount of material in suspension. A three-dimensional concept of the dynamics of the plume was achieved by superimposing the parts of the plume recognized in each RBV band. This provides a background for automatic computer processing of ERTS data and three-dimensional modeling of turbidity plumes.

Coker, A. E.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Photogrammetric evaluation of Mariner 9 photography

Some attempts to produce, with an AP/C analytical plotter, stereo models using Mariner 9 pictures are reported. The first attempt using geometrically uncorrected mission test video system (MTVS) imagery failed; the second, using corrected reduced data record (RDR) pictures also failed, probably because they were reconstructed through a vidicon display which introduces additional distortion. By using images obtained from RDR tape data through the Optronics Photowrite device, models were successfully obtained.

Wu, S. S. C.↗
NASA NTRS1972

The ERTS wideband image communication system.

The ERTS payload includes a three camera return beam vidicon (RBV) television system and a four channel multispectral scanner system (MSS). The communications system described includes spacecraft wideband equipment plus unique payload processing equipment located at three NASA tracking stations. The RBV information, transmitted as analog FM with a baseband response of dc to 3.2 MHz, is telemetered, processed and recorded on a wideband video recorder. The MSS data, consisting of 24 analog sensor outputs, is digitized and encoded as 15 megabit per second PCM. The MSS data is then transmitted as analog FM, demultiplexed, and recorded on a 25 channel recorder. It is shown that bit error rate is an excellent indicator of MSS link performance while signal-to-noise ratio and distortion vs frequency adequately define RBV link performance.

Pandelides, J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Radiation sensitivity of silicon imaging sensors on missions to the outer planets.

Review of the results of an investigation of the magnitude of the degradation effects of radiation on the operating characteristics of camera tubes using silicon diode arrays in the space environment, and discussion of the radiation damage mechanisms concerned. The effects produced by bombardment of bare-silicon-diode arrays or vidicon tubes with 85-kV X rays, Cobalt 60 gamma rays, 1 MeV and 11 MeV electrons, 3 MeV and 142 MeV protons, and reactor neutrons are presented. Interference effects produced by radiation bombardment during operation of television tubes are investigated, and limiting fluxes of electrons and protons are given.

Brucker, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

ERTS two-inch RBV cameras performance characteristics.

A very-high resolution multispectral television camera system is being developed for NASA for use on the ERTS program. There are three cameras in the system, each viewing the same area but operating in the blue-green, red, and near-infrared spectral bands. In the laboratory, the cameras' limiting resolution is 4500 TV lines over the 25x25-mm image format of the return beam vidicon (RBV). Analysis of typical ERTS scenes shows that actual contrast ratios will be much lower than those of laboratory test targets. A model was developed to predict the resolving power performance of the RBV camera under realistic conditions.

Miller, B. P.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Mariner 9 star photography.

Mariner 9 achieved successful photography of the stars, the purpose of the experiment being to measure camera parameters associated with point source photometry, and to examine the feasibility of using stars as invariant calibration sources and a reference for optical navigation. The Mariner 9 camera-B photography demonstrated photometric response consistency over a limited sample of data to better than 15%. Camera performance verified the ability to model vidicon response characteristics as well as demonstrated an imaging capability sufficient to permit the use of stars for photometric calibration.

Thorpe, T. E.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Mariner 9 - Image processing and products.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the system for the display, processing, and production of image-data products created to support the Mariner 9 Television Experiment. Of necessity, the system was large in order to respond to the needs of a large team of scientists with a broad scope of experimental objectives. The desire to generate processed data products as rapidly as possible, coupled with the complexities introduced by the nature of the vidicon camera, greatly increased the scale of the ground-image processing effort. This paper describes the systems that carried out the processes and delivered the products necessary for real-time and near-real-time analyses. References are made to the computer algorithms used for the different levels of decalibration and analysis.

Levinthal, E. C.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Mariner Mars 1971 photogrammetric calibrations.

One of the major objectives of the Mariner Mars 1971 mission was the systematic mapping of Mars. This required a complex and thorough photogrammetric calibration of both the wide-angle and narrow-angle cameras mounted on the spacecraft scan platform. Because of the peculiarities of the TV imaging techniques (transmission quality, low resolution, electronic distortion, etc.), combined with the extremely small vidicon format, many unique difficulties were encountered and many unprecedented problems had to be solved. Their successful solution, based on experience gained during the Surveyor and Mariner Mars 1969 projects, is discussed, and the calibration procedure for the parameters of interior orientation, as well as for opto-mechanical orthogonality, is described in detail.

Benesh, M.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Developments in electronic imaging techniques; Proceedings of the Seminar-in-Depth, San Mateo, Calif., October 16, 17, 1972.

Capabilities and limitations of infrared imaging systems are discussed, and a real-time simulator for image data systems is described. Ultrahigh resolution electronic imaging and storage with the return beam vidicon is treated, and a description is given of an electron-lens for opaque photocathodes. Ground surveillance with an active low light level TV, digital processing of Mariner 9 TV data, image enhancement by holography, and application of data compression techniques to spacecraft imaging systems are given attention. Individual items are announced in this issue.

Zirkind, R.↗
NASA NTRS1973

A multi-channel coronal spectrophotometer.

We describe a new multi-channel coronal spectrophotometer system, presently being installed at Mees Solar Observatory, Mount Haleakala, Maui. The apparatus is designed to record and interpret intensities from many sections of the visible and near-visible spectral regions simultaneously, with relatively high spatial and temporal resolution. The detector, a thermoelectrically cooled silicon vidicon camera tube, has its central target area divided into a rectangular array of about 100,000 pixels and is read out in a slow-scan (about 2 sec/frame) mode. Instrument functioning is entirely under PDP 11/45 computer control, and interfacing is via the CAMAC system.

Landman, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Ultraviolet proximity focussed converters for use in a satellite SEC-TV system.

Performance characteristics of Bendix type BX08025-4522 proximity-focussed vacuum-ultraviolet to visible-light image converters are presented. The converters are to be used with SEC vidicons as detectors for an echelle spectrograph on the International Ultraviolet Explorer astronomical satellite. Magnesium fluoride input windows with Cs-Te photocathodes are used in the converters, with P-11 phosphors on the fiber optic output windows. Quantum efficiencies, modulation transfer function, background, geometric distortion, and environmental test results are presented for the wavelength region from 1150 to 3500 A.-

Feibelman, W. A.↗