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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Impacts of Dual-Use Solar (Agrivoltaics) on Crop Productivity and the Agricultural Economy in Massachusetts and Beyond

This project contributes applied research to better understand the impacts of agrivoltaics on farm microclimates, crop productivity, and economics at the farm and sector level. The site trial research is divided into two sets of site trials integrated into commercial farm and agrivoltaic operations – one set on annual vegetable and hay crops and one on perennial cranberry bog operations. The economic research developed methods for recording and evaluating changes in farm operations and costs, and on the public perception of and willingness-to-accept agrivoltaics.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

SPRUCE NDVI Data from Selected SPRUCE Experimental Plots, 2016-2018

This dataset consists of observations of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) observations from the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experimental site within the Marcell Experimental Forest in northern Minnesota, USA. Measurements were collected via stationary sensors positioned 1.5 meter above unobstructed areas of the ground layer. Sensors were installed above undisturbed community composition plots, that are not instrumented or destructively sampled in any way, in six of the ten chambered SPRUCE experimental study plots located in the S1-Bog. Spectral data (630 and 800 nanometers) were collected at 10-minute intervals over a field of view of ~53 cm in diameter beginning May 6, 2016. Data collection ended at a different time for each sensor as batteries discharged – ranging from January 1, 2018 to April 1, 2018. The spectral sensors were manufactured by Decagon Inc., (now METER) for observation of ecosystem canopies. Sensors were deployed at the beginning of the 2016 growing season in +0, +4.5, and +9.0 C temperature treatments, with one each in an ambient and elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) plot, for a total of six sensors. These data have been analyzed and reported on in McPartland et al (2018). This dataset contains one data file in comma-separate values (*.csv) format and PDF (*.pdf) file containing plot maps. Additional metadata are provided: a data dictionary and a file-level metadata file in comma-separate values (.csv) format and a user guide in PDF (*.pdf) format.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

SPRUCE Manual Minirhizotron Images from Experimental Plots Beginning in 2013

Fine roots contribute to ecosystem carbon, water, and nutrient fluxes through resource acquisition, respiration, exudation, and turnover, but are understudied in peatlands. This data set consists of images of fine-root birth, growth, and death collected using non-destructive minirhizotron technology from a warming × CO2 enrichment experiment in a forested, ombrotrophic bog. Minirhizotron images were collected ~ weekly or bi-weekly beginning in 2013 in the 12 SPRUCE experimental plots in paired hummock and hollow microtopography. In each plot, one pair of minirhizotron tubes was installed within a 1.5 m radius of Picea mariana (spruce) or Larix laricina (larch) trees and one pair of minirhizotron tubes was installed in areas dominated by ericaceous shrubs Rhododendron groenlandicum and Chamaedaphne calyculata, for a total of 48 tubes. This dataset contains minirhizotron images from 2013-06-02 through 2021-10-22. Image collections were finished at the end of 2021. Each imaging session (including the treed and non-treed locations, which were collected on different days due to time constraints) resulted in ~4500 image files in JPEG (.jpg) format. Images were collected from 396 sessions (including treed and non-treed sessions) with a total of 1,068,722 JPEG images.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

SPRUCE Does dissolved organic matter or solid peat fuel anerobic respiration in peatlands?: Supporting Data

Hopple et al. (2019) investigated whether, as a primary substrate - dissolved organic matter (DOM) or solid peat - was driving anaerobic respiration at surface and at deep depth increments within two bogs and a poor fen in northern Minnesota. To address this question, they used a combination of soil laboratory incubations, as well as in-situ analyses of porewater dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and specific UV absorbance (SUVA) measurements. Soil samples were collected in June 2013 and July 2014, while porewater samples were taken in July 2013. Data provided include: porewater DOC concentration and SUVA values, soil CH4 and CO2 potential production rates from peat samples exposed to varying DOM concentrations, and soil CH4 and CO2 potential production rates.These data are provided in support of the publication: Does dissolved organic matter or solid peat fuel anerobic respiration in peatlands? (Hopple et al., 2019). This dataset contains four files in comma separate (*.csv) format.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

SPRUCE Fungal Necromass Litter Bag Decomposition Study in SPRUCE Experimental Plots, 2016-2018

This dataset provided the results of a 2-year fungal necromass litter bag decomposition study at the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experimental site within the Marcell Experimental Forest in northern Minnesota, USA. Necromass from four mycorrhizal fungal species that naturally occur and associate with either the ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree hosts or ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) shrubs in the S1 Bog site and vary in melanin content (Cenococcum geophilum Fr., Suillus grisellus, Meliniomyces bicolor, and Oideodendron griseum) were incubated in situ in SPRUCE experimental treatment chambers for 3, 12, and 24 months duration beginning in June of 2016 and ending in June of 2018. Analyses of the necromass included pre-incubation chemistry and post-incubation mass loss and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of remaining fungal necromass. These data were used in analyses in Fernandez et al (2019). This dataset contains three data files in comma-separate values (*.csv) format. Additional metadata are provided: three data dictionaries and a file-level metadata file in comma-separate values (.csv) format and a user guide in PDF (*.pdf) format.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

SPRUCE Outflow Total Mercury and Methylmercury from Experimental Plots, Beginning in 2017

This data set reports the results of total mercury and methylmercury analyses of the chemical analyses of outflow samples from the SPRUCE experimental study plots located in the S1-Bog. Sample collection and analyses started in April of 2017 and will continue for the duration of the experiment. Data will be added to this data set and released to the public periodically as quality assurance and publication of results are accomplished.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

SPRUCE Total Gaseous Mercury Fluxes and Peat Mercury Concentrations, 2014-2015

This data set reports the results of total gaseous mercury (TGM) flux monitoring conducted in a sub-set of the SPRUCE experimental study enclosures (Plots 4, 6, 10, 13, 17 and 19) located in the S1 Bog. These plots were selected to represent duplicates of the +0, +4.5 and +9°C experimental temperature treatments. Monitoring of TGM fluxes was conducted in May-June 2014, August 2014 and June 2015 to capture the influence of the deep (2 m below the ground surface) peat warming experiment. These sampling events were conducted prior to the initiation of deep peat warming (May-June 2014), once target peat temperatures were achieved at depth (August 2014) and at the conclusion of the deep warming experiment prior to the initiation of whole ecosystem warming (June 2015). This data set also presents the total mercury (Hg) concentration for peat samples collected during the group sampling campaigns, involving a team of SPRUCE investigators and collaborators, in June 2014 (prior to deep peat warming experiment), September 2014 (target temperatures achieved at depth) and June 2015 (end of deep warming experiment and prior to whole ecosystem warming). Peat samples for total mercury analysis were collected from Enclosures 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

SPRUCE Terrestrial Laser Scanning of Experimental Plots, Beginning in 2015

This data set comprises terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds from the SPRUCE experimental plots located in the S1-Bog of the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) near Grand Rapids, Minnesota. In 2015 and 2020 the 12 experimental SPRUCE plots were scanned near peak foliage ("summer”). In 2016-2019 and 2021-2023 the 12 plots were scanned prior to green up ("spring”) and once near peak foliage (Table 1). Additional data will be added through summer 2025. A RIEGL VZ-1000 unit was used to collect all scans. Four TLS scans in each plot were registered to produce a single point cloud per plot using RiSCAN PRO v2.3 software. Up to six additional scans were registered to account for data occlusion when necessary. Point clouds are saved in LAS (*.las) 1.2 format. Point clouds were geo-registered to surveyed plot locations. There are 192 *.las files provided with this dataset.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

SPRUCE Microtopography of Experimental Plots Derived from Terrestrial Laser Scans Beginning in 2016

This dataset consists of maps and summaries of very high resolution (1 cm2) spatial data derived from terrestrial laser scans (TLS) characterizing the microtopography (hummocks and hollows) in 12 SPRUCE experimental plots from 2016-2018. The SPRUCE experiment is located in the S1-Bog of the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) near Grand Rapids, Minnesota. Additional data will be added through Summer 2021.The TLS sampling plan follows the SPRUCE experimental design, with scanning of the ten enclosed treatment plots with five temperature treatments (0, 2.25, 4.5, 6.75, and 9°C) with and without elevated CO2 (~900 ppm) and the two monitored ambient plots without enclosures. Enclosures are octagonal in shape and are 12.8 m in diameter (114.8 m2 in area), 8 m tall, with a belowground corral that penetrates through the peat to glacial material below, which averages 2.5 m deep across the site. In the spring of each year, four TLS scans were taken per plot/enclosure and registered together to produce a single point cloud for each plot (Figure 2A). Digital surface models (DSMs) were generated from the point clouds and clipped to the inside boundary of the boardwalk in each plot resulting in an approximately 9 x 9 m study area. . All other characterization data types were derived from plot DSMs (elevation), including: slope (Figure 3), concavity (Figure 4), index used for microform classification (Hollow Index) (Figure 6), and microforms (Figure 2C; hummocks and hollows) classified using three methodologies.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

SPRUCE Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Vegetation Communities in SPRUCE Experimental Plots, 2016

This dataset consists of reflectance observations from hyperspectral remote sensing of the vegetation communities from the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experimental site within the Marcell Experimental Forest in northern Minnesota, USA. Observations were collected in SPRUCE experimental study plots located in the S1-Bog. Community vegetation plots in ten chambered treatment plots (6, 19, 11, 20, 4, 13, 8, 16, 10, 17) and 3 unchambered ambient plots (7, 14, 21) were scanned. Spectral data were collected on 22 September 2016 (2016-09-22) under clear sky conditions beginning at 1:00 p.m. local time (Central Standard Time). Although it was past peak growing season, senescence had only just begun at the site, and experimentally warmed plots were still near peak growing conditions. Data collection was performed using a PP Systems UniSpec-DC spectroradiometer that detected incoming and reflected solar radiation in 3–4 nm bandwidths between 310 and 1100 nm. The fiber optic cable on the Unispec was fitted with a field of view (FOV) restrictor that limited the FOV to approximately 15°. The instrument foreoptic was leveled at 1 m above the ground capturing an area of approximately 35 cm in diameter, or 0.1 m2. White reference scans were performed between each treatment. Bands at the beginning and end of the spectrum were eliminated due to noise, resulting in a reported data range of 400-1000 nm. These data can help characterize boreal peatland plant composition and species diversity and their responses to elevated temperatures and carbon dioxide concentrations. These observations were used in analyses in McPartland et al (2019). This dataset contains 4 data files in comma-separate values (*.csv) format. Additional metadata are provided: four data dictionaries and a file-level metadata file in comma-separate values (.csv) format and a user guide in PDF (*.pdf) format.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

SPRUCE Ground Observations of Phenology in Experimental Plots, 2018

This data set consists of phenological transition dates, as derived from direct observations of vegetative and reproductive phenology recorded by a human observer, from the SPRUCE experiment during 2018, the third full year of whole-ecosystem warming (Hanson et al. 2017). Both spring and autumn phenological events are included. Since April 2016, human observers have been directly tracking the phenology of both woody and herbaceous species on a weekly schedule within the SPRUCE experimental chambers. The observed date report here is the first survey date on which an event/phenophase was definitively observed. The SPRUCE experiment is located within the S1 peat bog at the Marcell Experimental Forest, approximately 40 km north of Grand Rapids in north-central Minnesota, USA. User note: Ground observations of phenology from 2016-2020 are available. See SPRUCE Ground Observations of Phenology in Experimental Plots, 2021 https://doi.org/10.25581/spruce.094/1874936 for the most recent data as well as links to all other ground phenology datasets.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

SPRUCE Peat Mercury, Methylmercury and Sulfur Concentrations from Experimental Plot Cores, Beginning in 2014

This data set reports the results of physical and chemical analyses of peat core samples from the SPRUCE experimental study plots located in the S1-Bog in northern Minnesota, 40 km north of Grand Rapids in the USDA Forest Service Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF). Sample collection and analyses started in June of 2014 and will continue for the duration of the experiment. Core samples are collected annually from all 12 plots to a depth of 200cm in 10cm and 25cm increments. Samples are analyzed for total mercury concentration, methylmercury concentration, percent carbon, percent nitrogen, and percent sulfur.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

SPRUCE Production and Chemistry of Newly-Grown Fine Roots Assessed Using Root Ingrowth Cores in SPRUCE Experimental Plots beginning in 2014

This dataset reports growth and chemistry of newly-grown fine roots from root ingrowth cores in the SPRUCE experimental enclosures. There is one comma separated file (.csv) that provides fine-root growth and chemistry data for the ten SPRUCE experimental enclosures from years 2014 to 2017. These data were used to assess the warming and elevated CO2 response of fine roots and also capture responses across microtopographical features and plant types. The experimental work was conducted in a Picea mariana [black spruce] – Sphagnum spp. bog forest in northern Minnesota, 40 km north of Grand Rapids, in the USDA Forest Service Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

SPRUCE Plot-Level Water Table Data Assessments for Absolute Elevations and Height with Respect to Mean Hollows Beginning in 2015

This data set provides a record of the half-hourly automated water table depth data collected for 12 SPRUCE plots (4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, and 21) beginning during deep peat heating (DPH) in 2015 and continuing throughout the whole ecosystem warming (WEW) manipulations for the SPRUCE Project (Hanson et al. 2017). The data currently cover 2015-05-12 through 2024-12-31 and will be updated periodically throughout the duration of the SPRUCE project. Also provided are daily plot normalized data for water table depths with respect to mean hollow locations within each plot. The hollow referenced data provide the basis for the intercomparison of peat saturation or aeration across treatment plots. A limited data set for manual water table observations made periodically from 2015-2022 are also provided as a reference to the plot center automated observations. In August 2015, WEW was initiated at 5 warming levels (+0, +2. +4.5, +6.75 and +9 °C) with 2 plots per warming level. DPH measurements were underway before the initiation of WEW heating treatments and both are expected to operate through 2025. Elevated CO2 treatments were added in June 2016 (Enclosures 4, 10, 11, 16 and 19). All measurements were made at the 8.1-ha S1 bog forest site in northern Minnesota, 40 km north of Grand Rapids, in the USDA Forest Service Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF). This dataset contains three data files in comma separated (*.csv) format.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

SPRUCE: Sphagnum Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations in the SPRUCE Experimental Plots

This data set reports the concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in capitula, current year stems, and one-year old stem tissue of Sphagnum from 2016-2018. Measurements are continuing and new data will be appended as they become available. Three types of Sphagnum were sampled -- S. angustifolium/fallax from hummocks (AngFal_Hum), S. angustifolium/fallax from hollows (AngFal_Hol), and S. magellanicum from hummocks (Mag_Hum) from SPRUCE experimental study plots. Measurements were made in 10 enclosures comprising five levels of temperature elevation in ambient CO2 and five levels in elevated CO2. Measurements also were made in two ambient (no enclosure) plots. Nutrient concentrations were analyzed in conjunction with assessment of Sphagnum growth, which was measured in 3.79-cm diameter mesh columns collected every October and are described in the related dataset (https://doi.org/10.25581/spruce.049/1426474). The SPRUCE experiment is being conducted at the 8.1-ha S1 bog forest site in northern Minnesota, 40 km north of Grand Rapids, in the USDA Forest Service Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

SPRUCE Ground Observations of Phenology in Experimental Plots, 2019

This data set consists of phenological transition dates, as derived from direct observations of vegetative and reproductive phenology recorded by a human observer, from the SPRUCE experiment during 2019, the third full year of whole-ecosystem warming (Hanson et al. 2017). Both spring and autumn phenological events are included. Since April 2016, human observers have been directly tracking the phenology of both woody and herbaceous species on a weekly schedule within the SPRUCE experimental chambers. The observed date report here is the first survey date on which an event/phenophase was definitively observed. The SPRUCE experiment is located within the S1 peat bog at the Marcell Experimental Forest, approximately 40 km north of Grand Rapids in north-central Minnesota, USA. User note: Ground observations of phenology from 2016-2021 are available. See SPRUCE Ground Observations of Phenology in Experimental Plots, 2021 https://doi.org/10.25581/spruce.094/1874936 for the most recent data as well as links to all other ground phenology datasets.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

SPRUCE Outflow Chemistry Data for Experimental Plots Beginning in 2016

This data set includes the chemistry of outflow waters in the SPRUCE experiment plots located in the S1 bog of the USDA Forest Service Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in northern Minnesota, 40 km north of Grand Rapids. These data are post-treatment data from the warming and elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) treatments associated with the SPRUCE experiment. There are ten experimental plots in SPRUCE: five temperature treatments (+0, +2.25, +4.5, +6.75, +9°C) at ambient CO2, and the same five temperature treatments at elevated CO2 (+500 ppm). Sample collection and analyses started in March of 2016 and will continue for the duration of the experiment. Samples were analyzed for pH, specific conductivity, anion concentrations (chloride, sulfate), cation concentrations (calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, aluminum, iron, manganese, silicon, strontium), nutrient concentrations (ammonium, nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus, total nitrogen, total phosphorus), and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations. Subsets of the samples have been analyzed for natural-abundance stable isotopes of water (δ18O-H2O and δD-H2O), dissolved carbon dioxide (δ13C-CO2), and dissolved methane (δ13C-CH4), and concentrations of total mercury (Thg), methylmercury (MeHg), ferrous iron (Fe2+), ferric iron (Fe3+), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and dissolved methane (CH4).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

SPRUCE Vertical Profiles of CO2 and H2O Concentrations in Air in Experimental Plots Beginning in 2015

This dataset provides a record of hourly average CO2 and H2O concentrations in air at 4 vertical locations (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 m above ground level (agl)) on the central tower location for each of 13 SPRUCE experimental plots. Ten plots have enclosures (plots 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, and 20) and three plots (5, 7 and 21) are ambients without enclosures. Data are included for measurement periods beginning in 2015 and extend throughout the whole ecosystem warming (WEW) manipulations for the SPRUCE Project (Hanson et al. 2016, 2017). In August 2015, WEW was initiated at 5 warming levels (+0, +2. +4.5, +6.75 and +9 °C) with 2 plots per warming level. DPH measurements were underway before the initiation of WEW heating treatments and both are expected to operate through 2025. Elevated CO2 treatments were initiated within 5 experimental plots (Plots 4, 10, 11, 16 and 19) in June of 2016. All measurements were made at the 8.1-ha S1 bog forest site in northern Minnesota, 40 km north of Grand Rapids, in the USDA Forest Service Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗