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At least 163 records · Page 9

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NASA NTRS1976

Scanning radiometer for measurement of forward-scattered light to determine mean diameter of spray particles

A scanning radiometer is reported that measures forward-scattered light to determine the mean diameter of spray particles. An optical scanning method gives a continuous measurement of the light-scattering angle during spray nozzle tests. A method of calibration and a correction for background light are presented. Mean particle diameters of 10 to 500 micrometers can be measured.

Buchele, D. R.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Acoustic performance of two 1.83-meter-diameter fans designed for a wind-tunnel drive system

A parametric study was made of the noise generated by two 1.83-m (6-ft) diameter fans operating up to a maximum pressure ratio of 1.03. One fan had 15 rotor blades, 23 stator blades, and a maximum rotational speed of 1200 rpm. The other fan had 9 rotor blades, 13 stator blades, and a maximum speed of 2,000 rpm. The fans were approximately 1/7-scale models of the 12.2-m (40-ft) diameter fans proposed for repowering the NASA-Ames 40- by 80 foot wind tunnel. The fans were operated individually in a 23.8-m (78-ft) long duct. Sound pressure levels in the duct were used to determine radiated acoustic power as fan speed, blade angle, and mass flow were varied. Results show that the low speed fan was slightly quieter than the high speed fan and, when scaled to full scale, would be 16 db quieter than the present wind tunnel fans. The fan noise varied directly with thrust regardless of whether thrust was varied by rotational speed or blade setting for the ranges studied.

Soderman, P. R.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Cold-air performance of a 12.766-centimeter-tip-diameter axial-flow cooled turbine. 3: Effect of rotor tip clearance on overall performance of a solid blade configuration

Two tip clearance configurations, one with a recess in the casing and the other with a reduced rotor blade height, were investigated at design equivalent speed over a range of tip clearance from about 2.0 to 5.0 percent of the stator blade height. The optimum configuration with a recess in the casing was the one where the rotor tip diameter was equal to the stator tip diameter (zero blade extension). For this configuration there was an approximate 1.5 percent decrease in total efficiency for an increase in tip clearance of 1 percent of stator blade height. For the reduced blade height configurations there was an approximate 2.0 percent decrease in total efficiency for an increase in tip clearance of 1 percent of stator blade height.

Haas, J. E.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Radiometric diameters of 84 asteroids from observations in 1974-1976

Diameters and geometric albedos are derived from 10- and 20-micron infrared photometry for 84 asteroids, 68 of them not previously observed in this program of asteroid radiometry. All but three of the 30 brightest asteroids are included in the total sample of 131 objects, and all asteroids with diameters greater than 250 km can now be identified. The albedos are strongly bimodal, with the great majority of asteroids (class C) having visual geometric albedos between 0.025 and 0.050. The albedos of the second most numerous class, the S asteroids, are primarily between 0.10 and 0.16. The third largest class appears to be the M objects, of which seven are now identified. Apparently, the M objects are very rare for semimajor axes of less than 2.4 AU. The unusual asteroids with albedos greater than 0.20 are also discussed.

Morrison, D.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Spin-tunnel investigation of the spinning characteristics of typical single-engine general aviation airplane designs. 2: Low-wing model A; tail parachute diameter and canopy distance for emergency spin recovery

A spin tunnel study is reported on a scale model of a research airplane typical of low-wing, single-engine, light general aviation airplanes to determine the tail parachute diameter and canopy distance (riser length plus suspension-line length) required for energency spin recovery. Nine tail configurations were tested, resulting in a wide range of developed spin conditions, including steep spins and flat spins. The results indicate that the full-scale parachute diameter required for satisfactory recovery from the most critical conditions investigated is about 3.2 m and that the canopy distance, which was found to be critical for flat spins, should be between 4.6 and 6.1 m.

Burk, S. M., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Assessment of present state-of-the-art sawing technology of large diameter ingots for solar sheet material

The objective of this program is to assess the present state-of-the-art sawing technology of large diameter silicon ingots (3 inch and 4 inch diameter) for solar sheet materials. During this period, work has progressed in three areas: (1) slicing of the ingots with the multiblade slurry saw and the I.D. saw, (2) characterization of the sliced wafers, and (3) analysis of direct labor, expendable material costs, and wafer productivity.

Yoo, H. I.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Effect of rotor tip clearance and configuration on overall performance of a 12.77-centimeter tip diameter axial-flow turbine

The rotor tip clearance was obtained by use of a recess in the casing above the rotor blades and also by use of a reduced blade height. For the recessed casing configuration, the optimum rotor blade height was found to be the one where the rotor tip diameter was equal to the stator tip diameter. The tip clearance loss associated with this optimum recessed casing configuration was less than that for the reduced blade height configuration.

Haas, J. E.↗

NASA NTRS1979

The diameter of Pallas from its occultation of SAO 85009

The May 29, 1978, occultation of SAO 85009 by Pallas was observed photoelectrically at seven widely spaced sites. The observations are well represented by an elliptical apparent limb profile having semimajor and semiminor axes of 279.5 + or - 2.9 and 262.7 + or - 4.5 km, respectively. Combining these results with published information on the light curve and rotational pole position, Pallas's mean diameter is found to be 538 + or - 12 km, which yields a mean density for Pallas of 2.8 + or - 0.5 g/cu cm and a visual geometric albedo of 0.103 + or - 0.005. The diameter of Pallas as determined from this occultation is significantly smaller than the values derived by radiometric, polarimetric, and double-image techniques.

Wasserman, L. H.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Shrinking plastic tubing and nonstandard diameters

Process allows larger-than-normal postshrink diameters without splitting. Tetrafluoroethylene tubing on mandrel is supported within hot steel pipe by several small diameter coil sections. Rising temperature of mandrel is measured via thermocouple so assembly can be removed without overshrinking (and splitting) of tubing.

Ruiz, W. V.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Experimental performance and analysis of 15.04-centimeter-tip-diameter, radial-inflow turbine with work factor of 1.126 and thick blading

The aerodynamic design, the performance, and an internal loss breakdown were examined for a 15.04 cm tip diameter, radial-inflow turbine. The design application was to drive a two stage, 10 to 1 pressure ratio compressor with a mass flow of 0.952 kg/sec and a rotative speed of 70,000 rmp. The turbine inlet temperature was 1478 K, and the turbine was designed with blades thick enough for internal cooling passages. The rotor tip diameter was limited to 86 percent of optimum in order to obtain a reduced tip speed design. The turbine was fabricated with solid, uncooled blading and tested in air at nominal inlet pressure and temperature of 1.379 x 10000 N/sq m and 322.2 K, respectively. Results indicated the turbine total efficiency to be 5.3 points less than design. Analysis of these results has indicated the deficit in performance to be due to stator secondary flow losses, vaneless space surface friction losses, and trailing edge wake mixing losses.

Mclallin, K. L.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Effective temperatures, angular diameters, distances and linear radii for 160 O and B stars

This paper discusses effective temperatures, angular diameters, distances, and linear diameters that have been determined for 160 O and B stars on the basis of published UV spectrophotometry, visible and near-IR intermediate-band photometry, and model-atmosphere fluxes. The results are compared with previous measurements and calculations for main-sequence and giant O and B stars. It is found that: (1) the flux effective temperatures of O and B supergiants are systematically lower than those of main-sequence and giant stars of the same subtype; (2) the effective temperatures and radii of Beta Cep stars are the same as those of nonvariable stars of the same spectral type; (3) Be stars that do not have two Balmer jumps have effective temperatures very similar to those of normal B stars of the same subtype; (4) O and B stars increase in size from the main sequence to supergiants; and (5) late B supergiants are approximately twice as large as O9 supergiants.

Underhill, A. B.↗

NASA NTRS1981

The diameter of Juno from its occultation of AG + 0 deg 1022

The occultation on Dec. 11, 1979, of AG + 0 deg 1022 by Juno was observed photoelectrically from 15 sites distributed across the occultation track. The observations are well represented by a mean elliptical limb profile having semimajor and semiminor axes of 145.2 + or 0.8 and 122.8 + or - 1.9 km, respectively. The corresponding effective diameter of Juno is 267 + or - 5 km, where the uncertainty has been conservatively increased to reflect the presence of limb irregularities clearly seen in the observations. Published radiometric and polarimetric diameters for Juno are 6% to 7% smaller than the occultation result. No secondary occultations attributable to possible satellites of Juno were recorded at any of 23 photoelectrically equipped observing sites.

Millis, R. L.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Solar diameter measurements for study of Sun climate coupling

Variability in solar shape and diameters was examined as a possible probe of an important climatic driving function, solar luminosity variability. The techniques and facilities developed for measuring the solar diameter were used. The observing program and the requisite data reduction were conducted simultaneously. The development of a technique to calibrate the scale in the telescope field progressed to the design and construction phase.

Hill, H. A.↗

NASA NTRS1982

The diameter of 88 Thisbe from its occultation of SAO 187124

The 7 October, 1981 occultation of SAO 187124 by 88 Thisbe was observed at twelve sites. The occultation observations, together with information about the asteroid's light curve, gives a mean diameter for Thisbe of 232 + or - 10 km. This value is 10 percent larger than the previously published radiometric diameter of Thisbe.

Millis, R. L.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Honeycomb mirrors of borosilicate glass - Current results and plans for 7-8m diameter

The making of large astronomical mirrors with borosilicate glass honeycomb structure is discussed. Particular attention is given to a single casting technique for making borosilicate honeycomb mirror blanks up to 7 meters in diameter. Current work on the development of this technique involves the casting of blanks 60 cm in diameter which have the full thickness (33 cm), cell size (15 cm), and faceplate thickness (2.5 cm) needed for a 1.8-m mirror.

Angel, J. R. P.↗

NASA NTRS1982

The effect of personal equation on measurements of the solar semi-diameter by transit circle observers

Cape Observatory transit circle measurements of systematic trends in the semi-diameter of the sun (1834, 1861-1871, 1884-1892) are considered, and an analysis of Washington six inch observations (1899-1903, 1911-1918, 1956-1971, 1975-1981) is given. A discordance between horizontal and vertical results in Cape measurements implies that these measurements are inaccurate due to the use of personal equations. The Washington measurements consider observational corrections and instrumental techniques, and it is thus concluded that no secular change in solar diameter has occurred.

Smith, C.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Length to diameter ratio and row number effects in short pin fin heat transfer

The relative effects of pin length to diameter ratio and of pin row geometry on the heat transfer from pin fins, was determined. Array averaged heat transfer coefficients on pin and endwall surfaces were measured for two configurations of staggered arrays of short pin fins (length to diameter ratio of 4). One configuration contained eight streamwise rows of pins, while the other contained only four rows. Results showed that both the 8-row and the 4-row configurations for an L sub p/D of 4, exhibit higher heat transfer than in similar tests on shorter pin fns (L sub p/D of 1/2 and 2). It was also found that for this L sub p/D ratio, the array averaged heat transfer was slightly higher with eight rows of staggered pins than with only four rows.

Brigham, B. A.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Diameters and albedos of satellites of Uranus

Products of the masses of the five known satellites of Uranus, and estimates of their bulk densities and surface albedos, are used to infer their probable dimensions. Spectrophotometry has established the presence of water ice on the surfaces of all save Rhea, and the brightnesses of the satellites have been measured photoelectrically. The diameter measurements presented were made using a photometric/radiometric technique, whose recent recalibration, using independent solar system object measurements, has yielded absolute accuracies better than 5 per cent. The new albedo measurements show that Umbriel, Titania and Oberon are similar to the Jupiter moon Callisto, while Ariel resembles the Saturn moon Hyperion. The diameters of all four are similar to those of the large, icy Saturn satellites Rhea and Iapetus.

Brown, R. H.↗