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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2026

California Price Response Potential Study

California's energy landscape is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the increasing integration of renewable energy sources, the increased adoption of distributed energy resources, the electrification of end-use loads, and the growing need for grid efficiency. To address these challenges, recent revisions to the State’s Load Management Standards (LMS) require all of California’s large utilities and community choice aggregators (CCAs) to offer dynamic electricity pricing options to customers by 2027. Dynamic pricing, which involves varying electricity rates based on real-time supply and demand conditions, offers a promising solution for optimizing grid operations, reducing costs, and incentivizing efficient use of grid capacity. Effective implementation of dynamic pricing requires understanding the potential impacts on customer bills, system load, and the cost-effectiveness of automation technologies. This study aims to evaluate the load response of various end-use devices to hourly dynamic prices. The end-uses studied here are space cooling, space heating, water heating, crop irrigation, pool and spa pumps, and electric vehicle (EV) charging, all for both residential and commercial applications, except for crop irrigation. In 2030, these end uses are forecasted to account for 18% of annual electricity demand in the state, but 40% of demand in the peak net load hour. By modeling possible price-responsive load dispatch algorithms and assessing the resulting impacts on both individual bills and the overall grid, we seek to inform policymakers and utilities about the potential benefits and challenges associated with dynamic pricing, and considerations for the design of dynamic pricing tariffs. Additionally, we will explore the cost effectiveness of adopting automation technologies to enable devices to respond more effectively to real-time price signals. This study considers a range of price profiles, accounting for differences across utilities and customer classes, and presents scenarios for dynamic price design via variation in the percentage of total customer electric costs that are allocated dynamically (versus constituting a fixed portion of the hourly volumetric price). We present results focused primarily on 2030, forecasting electricity prices under both low and high-cost scenarios, to inform longer-term tariff design considerations. We design tariffs by starting with 2019 prices that were calculated according to CalFUSE guidance (CPUC, 2022) and that have been used in recent studies; these prices are all-in volumetric rates that vary by utility and are revenue-neutral to each customer class. They are developed by considering six electricity cost components that are allocated hourly based on system load indicators (gross and net load, and wholesale prices). These prices are forecasted to 2030 for low and high cost scenarios, considering recent trends in total electricity costs with and without years of substantial wildfire mitigation investments. These tariffs, which allocate all costs on an hourly basis, are considered our “Full” dynamic tariff design scenario, while two additional scenarios explore allocating a portion of costs as a flat volumetric charge: the “Medium” scenario allocates 50% of revenue dynamically (and keeps 50% flat), while the “Mild” scenario allocates 20% of revenue dynamically. The 20% dynamic allocation on the Mild scenario aims to represent a case where only the marginal operating costs of the grid are included in the dynamic price.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Unraveling the dislocation–precipitate interactions in high-entropy alloys

The precipitates play a significant role in not only enhancing the strength, but also maintaining the high toughness in alloys. However, the interactions of the nanoscale precipitates with dislocations in the high entropy alloys (HEAs) are difficult to observe directly by in-situ TEM experiments due to the limits of the resolution and time. Here, using atomic simulations we report the synergistic strengthening of the coherent precipitate and atomic-scale lattice distortion in the HEAs at cryogenic/elevated temperatures. The effects of temperature, chemical disorder, precipitate spacing, precipitate size, elemental segregation, and dislocation-cutting number on the critical stress for the dislocation to overcome a row of precipitates are studied. A random stacking fault energy landscape along the slip plane, the lattice distortion at different temperatures, and the interface/surface energy at various crystallographic orientations are obtained. Compared with the traditional metals and alloys, HEAs have the severe atomic-scale lattice distortions to generate the local high tensile/compressive stress fields. This complex stress causes the dislocation line to bend, and thus improves the dislocation slip resistance, resulting in the strong solid-solution strengthening. The stacking fault strengthening induced by the obvious difference of the stacking fault energies between the HEA matrix and precipitate (within the inner of the HEA matrix), and the formation of the antiphase domain boundary contribute to the high strength. The precipitate embedded by the solute atoms produces the strong lattice distortion to enhance the dislocation slip resistance at high temperatures. Hence, the current results provide the mechanistic insight into the phenomenon that the coherent precipitate combined with the severe atomic-scale lattice distortion can enhance the strength at cryogenic/elevated temperatures to further broaden the scope of applications of advanced HEAs.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Automated Adsorption Workflow for Semiconductor Surfaces and the Application to Zinc Telluride

Surface adsorption is a crucial step in numerous processes, including heterogeneous catalysis, where the adsorption of key species is often used as a descriptor of efficiency. We present here an automated adsorption workflow for semiconductors which employs density functional theory calculations to generate adsorption data in a high-throughput manner. Starting from a bulk structure, the workflow performs an exhaustive surface search, followed by an adsorption structure construction step, which generates a minimal energy landscape to determine the optimal adsorbate-surface distance. An extensive set of energy-based, charge-based, geometric, and electronic descriptors tailored toward catalysis research are computed and saved to a personal user database. Finally, the application of the workflow to zinc telluride, a promising CO 2 reduction photocatalyst, is presented as a case study to illustrate the capabilities of this method and its potential as a material discovery tool.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Materials for electrification of everything: Moving toward sustainability

We report society is at a unique tipping point in a move from conventional fossil fuel based technologies to renewable sourced electrified technologies which can enable creating a carbon neutral or carbon negative energy economy. Many of the key approaches to achieving this transition in the critical areas of transportation, buildings and manufacturing depend on new materials and new approaches to rapidly increase electrification. This article reviews the overall energy landscape and highlights specific areas where new materials are critical to enabling transitions in energy storage, hydrogen utilization, transportation, buildings and the chemical industry and the articles on these topics that follow. How these transitions can be best integrated and the global societal impact of these transitions is also discussed. The development of new materials is instrumental in accelerating the move to a cleaner electrified society. The "electrification of everything" is increasingly important if we are to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change and materials will play a critical role realizing this goal.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Inertia Estimation and Trend Analysis of the United States Power Grid Interconnections

The transition from conventional to modern power systems is causing an increase in integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs). This generally leads to a decrease in total system inertia, which in-turn increases the system’s rate-of-change-of-frequency (RoCoF) during disturbances. This poses a threat to the frequency stability of the system and may falsely trigger protective devices. To monitor system status and plan for integrating renewable energy sources like photovoltaic, wind, and energy storage systems, a realistic study of inertia estimation and analysis in the United States (US) over the past decade is needed. This paper uses field-measured phasor measurement unit (PMU) data collected throughout the US from 2013 to 2023 via the Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET/GridEye) operated by the University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The collected PMU frequency data is utilized to estimate the system inertia of the three US interconnections: Eastern, Western, and Texas. Various RoCoF time windows are investigated for estimating the inertia of each interconnection by maximizing the correlation coefficient between the measured RoCoF and power mismatch. The resulting inertia trends over the past decade show approximately a 6% decline in inertia in the Eastern interconnection, a 15% decline in inertia in the Western interconnection, and a 16% increase in inertia in Texas. Key insights into how inertia is changing amidst the complex energy landscape are extracted using the fuel mix trend data. This provides valuable information for future energy strategies and planning.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Ab initio molecular dynamics with enhanced sampling in heterogeneous catalysis

Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations combined with enhanced sampling techniques are becoming widespread methods to investigate chemical phenomena in catalytic systems. These techniques automatically include finite temperature effects, anharmonicity, and collective dynamics in their robust description of enthalpic and entropic contributions, which can have significant impact on reaction free energy landscapes. This contrasts with standard ab initio static approaches that are based on assessing reaction free energies from various coarse-grained descriptions of the reaction potential energy surface. Enhanced sampling ab initio molecular dynamics opens the way to first principles simulations of systems of increasing complexity like solid/liquid catalytic interfaces. Here, we aim at guiding the reader through the basis of these techniques, summarizing their fundamental theoretical and practical aspects, and reviewing the relevant literature in the field. After a brief introduction to the problem, we will illustrate the advantage of using molecular simulations to include finite temperature effects, examine the most common ab initio techniques currently in use, describe their application to solid state heterogeneous catalysts, and finally critically review the most popular enhanced sampling techniques used in computational catalysis.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

2022 FORCE Development Status Update

Due to the rapidly changing nature of the energy landscape in both the U.S. and abroad, including the increase in non-dispatchable variable renewable energy (VRE) deployment and the abundance of carbonbased dispatchable fuels, the Integrated Energy Systems (IES) program under the Department of Energy (DOE) has been engaged in determining whether IES could assist in providing nuclear power plants (NPPs) with a viable strategy for achieving future economic competitiveness. This includes enhanced dispatch flexibility for NPPs, thanks to thermal and electrical storage technology as well as the generation of ancillary commodities such as hydrogen, desalinated water, and synthetic fuels from the heat generated by NPPs. The technical and economic viability of these systems is of primary concern to the IES program, with the intent of providing insight to the wider nuclear energy community at large.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Local chemical ordering of a neutron-irradiated CrFeMnNi compositionally complex alloy

While ion-irradiation studies are a critical first step in studying compositionally complex alloys (CCAs) for nuclear applications, they do not capture all the microstructural changes occurring under the low irradiation dose rates and different particles’ scattering patterns experienced in a nuclear reactor setting. To explore these phenomena in reactor-relevant conditions for the first time in CCA, the single-phase solid-solution Cr 10 Fe 30 Mn 30 Ni 30 was neutron irradiated up to 6.61 displacements per atom at 395 and 579 °C. Irradiation-enhanced local chemical ordering (LCO) well beyond the range of short range ordering was observed, and is predicted to be the precursor to the precipitation of a coherent Ni-Mn L1 0 phase and a Cr-rich α’ phase, though TEM analysis did not indicate the presence of either in any irradiation condition. The line density of faulted dislocation loops decreased from 6.47 to 1.69 ∙ 10 15 m -2 from 3.43 to 6.61 dpa at 579 °C despite no appreciable faulted loop content in the unirradiated material. LCO is expected to increase the complexity of the energy landscape within this alloy, restricting interstitial point defect mobility and creating local regions of greater stacking fault energy. These contribute to the negative correlation between irradiation dose and faulted dislocation loop density in this study, as well as the lack of void swelling observed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Protein folding from heterogeneous unfolded state revealed by time-resolved X-ray solution scattering

One of the most challenging tasks in biological science is to understand how a protein folds. In theoretical studies, the hypothesis adopting a funnel-like free-energy landscape has been recognized as a prominent scheme for explaining protein folding in views of both internal energy and conformational heterogeneity of a protein. Despite numerous experimental efforts, however, comprehensively studying protein folding with respect to its global conformational changes in conjunction with the heterogeneity has been elusive. Here we investigate the redox-coupled folding dynamics of equine heart cytochrome c (cyt-c) induced by external electron injection by using time-resolved X-ray solution scattering. A systematic kinetic analysis unveils a kinetic model for its folding with a stretched exponential behavior during the transition toward the folded state. With the aid of the ensemble optimization method combined with molecular dynamics simulations, we found that during the folding the heterogeneously populated ensemble of the unfolded state is converted to a narrowly populated ensemble of folded conformations. These observations obtained from the kinetic and the structural analyses of X-ray scattering data reveal that the folding dynamics of cyt-c accompanies many parallel pathways associated with the heterogeneously populated ensemble of unfolded conformations, resulting in the stretched exponential kinetics at room temperature. This finding provides direct evidence with a view to microscopic protein conformations that the cyt-c folding initiates from a highly heterogeneous unfolded state, passes through still diverse intermediate structures, and reaches structural homogeneity by arriving at the folded state.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Dynamics and Formation of Antiferromagnetic Textures in MnBi 2 Te 4 Single Crystal

We report coherent X-ray imaging of antiferromagnetic (AFM) domains and domain walls in MnBi 2 Te 4 , an intrinsic AFM topological insulator. This technique enables direct visualization of domain morphology without reconstruction algorithms, allowing us to resolve antiphase domain walls as distinct dark lines arising from the A-type AFM structure. The wall width is determined to be 550(30) nm, in good agreement with earlier magnetic force microscopy results. The temperature dependence of the AFM order parameter extracted from our images closely follows previous neutron scattering data. Remarkably, however, we find a pronounced hysteresis in the evolution of domains and domain walls: upon cooling, dynamic reorganizations occur within a narrow ∼1 K interval below 𝑇 𝑁 , whereas upon warming, the domain configuration remains largely unchanged until AFM order disappears. These findings reveal a complex energy landscape in MnBi 2 Te 4 , governed by the interplay of exchange, anisotropy, and domain-wall energies, and underscore the critical role of AFM domain-wall dynamics in shaping its physical properties. These sharply defined and hysteretically evolving walls may provide a controllable AFM texture in MnBi 2 Te 4 , hinting at potential use in low-power spintronic devices based on domain-wall dynamics.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Ultrafast Relaxation of MLCT Excited States in Manganese Tricarbonyl Complexes: Insights from Polarization-Resolved Femtosecond X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy at the Mn and Br K-Edges

Optical absorption features that are often described as metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) bands underlie the utility of many metal coordination complexes by harnessing the energy of light to drive otherwise inaccessible chemical reactions. Excitation of these bands triggers rapid electronic dynamics that can be challenging to understand, due to complicated potential energy landscapes and highly correlated electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom in metal-containing compounds. The lowest-energy absorption bands in Mn complexes containing alpha-diimine, carbonyl, and halide ligands are particularly interesting, due to the delocalized nature of charge transfer upon excitation. Here, in this study, we report experimental ultrafast dynamics measurements for the series of compounds Mn­(CO) 3 ( R bpy)Br ( R bpy = 4,4′-disubstituted-2,2′-bipyridine; R = H, CF 3 , or NO 2 ) using polarization-resolved, femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at both the Mn and Br K edges. The appearance of a new absorption feature in the Br pre-edge spectrum upon optical excitation reveals the instantaneous formation of an electronic hole that is partially localized on the Br atom and has a lifetime that depends on the electron withdrawing character of the R bpy ligand. For two of the complexes (R = H or CF 3 ), a large expansion of the Mn–Br distance results in a rapid redistribution of the hole and a corresponding decrease in anisotropy of the absorption feature within 50 fs, after which the absorption into the hole disappears on a time scale shorter than 300 fs. We observe a different result for the NO 2 substituted compound, for which the Mn–Br bond contracts and the absorption into the Br-centered hole persists beyond the 2 ps time scale of our measurement. The Mn pre-edge spectrum also reveals structural changes for these three complexes, but the new Mn absorption features become evident only after the nuclei respond to the initial excitation, which allows mixing of Mn 3d and 4p orbitals. The combined use of ultrafast Mn and Br K-edge spectroscopy provides unique insight into the ways in which bipyridine substitution alters the excited-state dynamics, including a very different structural response for the most strongly electron withdrawing substituent.

Otolski, Christopher J. [Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence↗
DOE OSTI2020

How good are polarizable and flexible models for water: Insights from a many-body perspective

We present a systematic analysis of state-of-the-art polarizable and flexible water models from a many-body perspective, with a specific focus on their ability to represent the Born–Oppenheimer potential energy surface of water from the gas to the liquid phase. Using coupled cluster data in the completed basis set limit as a reference, we examine the accuracy of the polarizable models in reproducing individual many-body contributions to interaction energies and harmonic frequencies of water clusters and compare their performance with that of MB-pol, an explicit many-body model that has been shown to correctly predict the properties of water across the entire phase diagram. Based on these comparisons, we use MB-pol as a reference to analyze the ability of the polarizable models to reproduce the energy landscape of liquid water under ambient conditions. We find that, while correctly reproducing the energetics of minimum-energy structures, the polarizable models examined in this study suffer from inadequate representations of many-body effects for distorted configurations. To investigate the role played by geometry-dependent representations of 1-body charge distributions in reproducing coupled cluster data for both interaction and many-body energies, we introduce a simplified version of MB-pol that adopts fixed atomic charges and demonstrate that the new model retains the same accuracy as the original MB-pol model. Based on the analyses presented in this study, we believe that future developments of both polarizable and explicit many-body models should continue in parallel and would benefit from synergistic efforts aimed at integrating the best aspects of the two theoretical/computational frameworks.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe Strategic Energy Plan

The Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe's Strategic Energy Plan (SEP) details the outcomes and efforts of a 1.5-year Energy Technology Innovation Partnership Program (ETIPP) project. This collaboration involved the Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe, Spark Northwest, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Project partners supported the Tribe in identifying key energy research focus areas and the Tribe's energy vision. As the technical lead on the project, PNNL led a series of research initiatives to evaluate potential pathways for the Tribe to achieve its energy goals, subsequently providing associated recommendations. The SEP offers a comprehensive analysis encompassing several critical aspects including: -The Tribe's current energy landscape -Availability of renewable resources -Potential microgrid designs, developed by Säzän Group -Critical infrastructure analysis -Electric vehicle integration -An energy workforce development framework, led by Spark Northwest The analysis results come with recommended next steps, categorized by implementation timeframe (short-term, medium-term, long-term) and priority.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2024

The role of hydrogen as long-duration energy storage and as an international energy carrier for electricity sector decarbonization

With countries and economies around the globe increasingly relying on non-dispatchable variable renewable energy (VRE), the need for effective energy storage and international carriers of low-carbon energy has intensified. This study delves into hydrogen's prospective, multifaceted contribution to decarbonizing the electricity sector, with emphasis on its utilization as a scalable technology for long-duration energy storage and as an international energy carrier. Using Japan as a case study, based on its ambitious national hydrogen strategy and plans to import liquefied hydrogen as a low-carbon fuel source, we employ advanced models encompassing capacity expansion and hourly dispatch. We explore diverse policy scenarios to unravel the timing, quantity, and operational intricacies of hydrogen deployment within a power system. Our findings highlight the essential role of hydrogen in providing a reliable power supply by balancing mismatches in VRE generation and load over several weeks and months and reducing the costs of achieving a zero-emission power system. The study recommends prioritizing domestically produced hydrogen, leveraging renewables for cost reduction, and strategically employing imported hydrogen as a risk hedge against potential spikes in battery storage and renewable energy costs. Furthermore, the strategic incorporation of hydrogen mitigates system costs and enhances energy self-sufficiency, informing policy design and investment strategies aligned with the dynamic global energy landscape.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2020

FY20 NREL Overview: Transforming Energy

At the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), we are transforming today’s energy challenges into tomorrow’s solutions. Our scientific research and technological innovation will shape a highly efficient and resilient energy future. Our world is transforming around us with energy solutions becoming cleaner, cheaper, renewable, and more resilient. As the population grows and new technologies and devices are added to the grid, we must examine the effects and enhance security within our most critical systems. As environmental threats expand and human demands on urban centers increase, we need more sustainable and efficient ways of generating energy that considers resource competition worldwide. We need our grid to be adaptive, autonomous, and responsive. NREL continues to anticipate these challenges, offering solutions through research, innovation, analysis, partners, and people. We are building the foundation of tomorrow’s energy landscape and inspiring the economic growth of the future.

energy security↗
DOE OSTI2023

Low-energy electronic interactions in ferrimagnetic Sr 2 CrReO 6 thin films

We reveal in this study the fundamental low-energy landscape in the ferrimagnetic Sr 2 CrReO 6 double perovskite and describe the underlying mechanisms responsible for the three low-energy excitations below 1.4 eV. Here, based on resonant inelastic x-ray scattering and magnetic dynamics calculations, and experiments collected from both Sr 2 CrReO 6 powders and epitaxially strained thin films, we reveal a strong competition between spin-orbit coupling, Hund’s coupling, and the strain-induced tetragonal crystal field. Here, we also demonstrate that a spin-flip process is at the origin of the lowest excitation at 200 meV, and we bring insights into the predicted presence of orbital ordering in this material. We study the nature of the magnons through a combination of ab initio and spin-wave theory calculations, and show that two nondegenerate magnon bands exist and are dominated either by rhenium or chromium spins. The rhenium band is found to be flat at about 200 meV (±25 meV) through X-L-W-U high-symmetry points and is dispersive toward Γ.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2026

Feasibility and strategic implications of deploying nuclear power reactors in Africa

This report assesses the feasibility and strategic implications of deploying nuclear power reactors, including large-scale plants, advanced small modular reactors (SMRs), and microreactors, in African countries. Case studies focus on South Africa, Egypt, Kenya, Ghana, and Nigeria, examining nuclear energy’s role in Africa’s rapidly evolving energy landscape, marked by fast-growing demand, significant electricity access gaps, increasing renewable penetration, and strong policy commitments to industrialization and energy security. Several U.S. reactor technologies and designs are considered based on their development status and readiness for deployment. The analysis finds that nuclear power can provide reliable, clean baseload and flexible generation, as well as high-temperature process heat for desalination, hydrogen production, and industrial applications. However, suitability is highly country-specific, depending on grid size and stability, transmission capacity, cooling water availability, regulatory readiness, and fuel supply chains. Near-term deployment opportunities are strongest for light-water reactors (such as NuScale, BWRX-300, AP300, and SMR-300) that use low-enriched uranium and build on proven technology. More advanced concepts, including gas-cooled, sodium-cooled, molten-salt cooled reactors, and microreactors, will likely be relevant for African deployment in the 2030s or later, contingent on demonstration projects, high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU) fuel availability, and mature international licensing frameworks. Economic analysis shows that SMRs are capital-intensive, with projected overnight costs for 300 MWe units in 2025 ranging from approximately 1.4 to 2.6 billion USD per module. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is highly sensitive to the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Given typically higher financing costs and utility balance-sheet weaknesses in many African countries, bankable project structures will require sovereign guarantees, robust offtake arrangements, and layered financing from export credit agencies, development finance institutions, and vendor nations. Comparisons with recent large nuclear projects in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Egypt underscore the central role of state-backed loans, long tenors, and concessional terms. Country case studies illustrate a spectrum of readiness and opportunity. South Africa operates two 920 MWe pressurized light water reactors (totaling 1,840 MWe) at Koeberg and has the most mature regulatory and industrial base, positioning it as a prime candidate for both large reactors and SMRs to replace coal, support desalination, and anchor industrial hubs. Egypt is constructing four VVER-1200 units at El Dabaa with strong state leadership and could later complement this fleet with SMRs for coastal and industrial applications. Kenya and Ghana are advancing through IAEA Milestones with growing institutional capacity and clear interest in SMRs that match their smaller grids and industrialization plans. Nigeria has the largest demand potential but faces acute constraints in grid reliability, project bankability, and regulatory capacity; targeted deployments of large reactors and SMRs near coastal or industrial sites could have high impact if accompanied by major grid upgrades and institutional reforms. The report identifies cross-cutting challenges such as financing, political continuity, public acceptance, nonproliferation and security, waste and back-end management, regulatory capacity, grid adequacy, and long deployment timelines for first-of-a-kind designs, and ANL/NSE-26/3 ii proposes broad directions for resolution. These include stronger multifaceted financing for nuclear, long-term national energy strategies that transcend electoral cycles, proactive stakeholder engagement, strengthened regional and national regulators, and systematic workforce development through centers of excellence and expanded training. The United States should develop partnerships with African countries and offer end-to-end nuclear package similar to those used effectively by competitors: coordinated project development, state-backed financing, long-term fuel services, and durable in-country support through regional offices and sustained workforce/regulatory training. With timely planning, sustained political commitment, and appropriate financing and institutional support, nuclear energy, both large reactors and advanced SMRs, can become a meaningful, though not dominant, pillar of Africa’s future power mix, enhancing energy security, enabling industrial growth, and supporting climate goals.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Energy Snapshot - Guadeloupe

This profile provides a snapshot of the energy landscape of Guadeloupe, an overseas region of France located in the eastern Caribbean Sea. Guadeloupe has set a target to achieve 100% energy independence by 2030. As of 2018, 21% of Guadeloupe's electricity was generated by renewable energy.

44 EE - Strategic Programs, Energy Transition Init↗