Real-Time Model Predictive Powertrain Control for a Connected Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Not provided.
Engineering↗
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Results for “hybrid control”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Control Design and Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Flexure Bearing for Precision Pointing Applications.
Abstract not provided.
Weir, Nathan↗
A Review of Quantum Computing Technologies in Power System Optimization
As modern power grids increasingly integrate variable renewable generation, distributed energy resources, and energy storage systems, classical optimization techniques are facing unprecedented challenges. This review examines the emerging application of quantum computing to overcome these challenges in power system optimization, including optimal power flow (OPF), unit commitment (UC), economic dispatch (ED), and intelligent switching and topology optimization (IS-TO). Recent research has introduced various quantum methodologies—such as gate-based, annealing-based, variational algorithms, and quantum-inspired algorithms—to address the combinatorial complexity inherent in grid reconfiguration and energy management. The review summaries the quantum algorithms, quantum devices and the power system test cases, highlighting hybrid quantum–classical strategies that leverage the complementary strengths of both paradigms. Some quantum advantages have been observed, including theoretical speedup, accurate simulation results, scalable qubit usage, efficient QUBO mapping. In particular, the review emphasizes the importance of integrating quantum optimization techniques with classical control frameworks, these hybrid approaches demonstrate the potential to improve real-time grid management and operational reliability. A significant portion of the analysis is devoted to the practical limitations of current quantum devices. Present-day quantum hardware, operating in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, remains highly sensitive to noise and limited in qubit connectivity, which constrains the scale and accuracy of implemented algorithms. The review delves into specific challenges such as the need for qubit-efficient encoding techniques and error mitigation strategies that are critical for handling real-world grid optimization problems. In addition, the work draws attention to the performance discrepancies between theoretical quantum speedups and experimental validations, underscoring the importance of rigorous benchmark studies using representative power grid test cases. In summary, this review highlights both the promise and limitations of quantum computing for power system optimization. It provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art technologies, categorizes recent advancements in algorithm design, and discusses practical considerations for implementation, and serves as an informative resource on current research. Future research directions include developing robust hybrid frameworks, advancing qubit-efficient formulations, and scaling up experimental demonstrations to confirm the theoretical advantages of quantum methods in large-scale power system operations.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
Freestanding epitaxial SrTiO 3 nanomembranes via remote epitaxy using hybrid molecular beam epitaxy
The epitaxial growth of functional oxides using a substrate with a graphene layer is a highly desirable method for improving structural quality and obtaining freestanding epitaxial nanomembranes for scientific study, applications, and economical reuse of substrates. However, the aggressive oxidizing conditions typically used in growing epitaxial oxides can damage graphene. Here, we demonstrate the successful use of hybrid molecular beam epitaxy for SrTiO 3 growth that does not require an independent oxygen source, thus avoiding graphene damage. This approach produces epitaxial films with self-regulating cation stoichiometry. Furthermore, the film (46-nm-thick SrTiO 3 ) can be exfoliated and transferred to foreign substrates. These results open the door to future studies of previously unattainable freestanding oxide nanomembranes grown in an adsorption-controlled manner by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy. This approach has potentially important implications for the commercial application of perovskite oxides in flexible electronics and as a dielectric in van der Waals thin-film electronics.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Directly monitoring the shift in corrosion mechanisms of a model FeCrNi alloy driven by electric potential
Abstract Stainless steels are used in a myriad of engineering applications, including construction, automobiles, and nuclear reactors. Developing accurate, predictive mechanistic models for corrosion and electrochemical corrosion kinetics of stainless steels has been a topic of research studies over many decades. Herein, we quantified the aqueous corrosion kinetics of a model austenitic Fe–18Cr–14Ni (wt%) alloy in the presence and absence of applied potential using systematic in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Without an applied bias, vertical dissolution of corrosion pits is controlled by the surface kinetics/diffusion hybrid mechanism, whereas lateral dissolution is diffusion controlled. When an electric bias is applied, the increase in corrosion rate is dominated by the nucleation of new pits. These insights gained by the in situ EC-AFM will allow applications of this method for a quantitative understanding of corrosion of a wider class of materials.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Federated Deep Reinforcement Learning for Decentralized VVO of BTM DERs
The future of grid control requires a hybrid approach combining centralized and decentralized methods to fully utilize the potential of smart edge devices with artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities. This paper aims to develop and evaluate a federated deep reinforcement learning (FDRL) framework for decentralized adaptive volt-var optimization (VVO) of behind-the-meter (BTM) distributed energy resources (DERs). First, this paper models a single deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agent using the Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework for decentralized adaptive VVO of BTM DERs. Two DRL algorithms, soft actor-critic (SAC) and twin-delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3), are compared for their effectiveness in optimizing VVO. Results show that TD3 outperforms SAC, achieving a 71.3% improvement in mean reward. Finally, the DRL agent is deployed within the FDRL framework, using the Flower platform, to enhance learning, provide adaptive control, and ensure data privacy for BTM DERs.
Ravi, Abhijith↗
Initial Process Planning of a Hybrid Multi-Tasking Platform
Abstract Applications of hybrid technology are expanding from refurbishment and repair to low quantity, specialty part production, which are staple characteristics in medical implant, energy, and aerospace industry sectors, among others. This expansion has led to the development of the Mazak VC-500A/5X AM HWD, a wire fed laser cladding unit equipped with a standard 5 axis CNC. This unit is capable of building near net geometry of complex medium to large parts within a profitable timeframe, due to its comparatively high rate of deposition to that of a powder fed hybrid system. In this study, deposition and machining capabilities of the VC-500A/5X AM HWD are assessed through the production of three different test geometries by different process plans. Production of these test geometries is supported by an open loop sensor package primarily for monitoring machine health, data collection, and machine operator aid. The viability of extended deposition followed by machining is evaluated against a more cyclical strategy of reoccurring deposition and machining operations. Lastly, common defects in as-built geometries are evaluated and addressed through revisions to original process plans and toolpaths, indicating the need for continued innovation in hybrid manufacturing specific CAM/CAD software, as well as closed loop machine monitoring and quality control.
DeWitte, Lisa N.↗
Identifying Photoinduced Dipolar Polarization and Orbit–Orbit Interaction between Excitons in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites
Abstract Photoinduced polarization and orbit–orbit interaction are important issues in hybrid perovskites toward developing optoelectronic functionalities. This paper identifies that photoinduced polarization occurs in hybrid perovskites with mixed‐cation methylammonium (MA)/formamidinium (FA) (MA x FA (1− x ) PbI 3 ) by measuring bulk polarization at 1 MHz in a magnetic field. Interestingly, when the internal dipole moment is increased upon increasing the MA:FA ratio, the photoinduced dipolar polarization can be substantially enhanced, clarifying the controversial issue of whether photoexcitation can induce a dielectric polarization within dipolar polarization regime in hybrid perovskites. Furthermore, upon increasing photoinduced dipolar polarization, it is found that the intrinsic orbit–orbit interaction between excitons can be increased, revealed by monitoring photocurrent change (Δ J sc ) upon switching the photoexcitation between linear and circular polarizations. This presents that organic cations are directly involved in the orbit–orbit interaction within band structures. Clearly, the studies provide an insightful understanding of the dipole moment effects on photoinduced dipolar polarization and orbit–orbit interaction between excitons in hybrid perovskites toward controlling the optoelectronic properties.
Dou, Yixuan↗
Understanding the Benefit of Hybrid Electrolytes towards Vanadium Dissolution Suppression and Improved Capacity Retention in Zinc‐Aqueous Batteries Using NaV 3 O 8 Cathodes
Vanadate cathodes used in aqueous Zn-ion batteries with ZnSO 4 are hindered by capacity loss from V dissolution into the electrolyte. However, studies pinpointing the onset of dissolution as a function of electrochemical redox state and quantifying the amount of associated active material are lacking. To prevent dissolution of the NaV 3 O 8 active material, Na + ions are introduced into the electrolyte. Specifically, a hybrid ZnSO 4 + Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte is investigated in concert with NaV 3 O 8 (NVO) cathodes of varied crystallinity to determine the resulting impacts on cathode dissolution and functional electrochemistry. The use of Na + -containing hybrid electrolyte shows no significant change in Zn 2+ diffusion coefficients yet improved capacity retention. Time-resolved quantitative optical emission spectroscopy demonstrates the suppression of V dissolution with the hybrid electrolyte in both pristine and cycled electrodes. Operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction and absorption provide mechanistic insights. Hydrated NVO with wider interplanar spacing exhibits much higher H + /Zn 2+ capacity, while the Na 2 SO 4 mitigates the formation of irreversible side products. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the use of hybrid electrolytes and control of crystallite size in the parent material can significantly improve electrochemical behavior of layered V-based cathodes in Zn-ion batteries, providing a general strategy toward safe and resilient aqueous battery systems.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
On Anomaly Detection for Transactive Energy Systems with Competitive Market
Two anomaly-detection criteria are proposed for transactive energy systems with competitive markets. Participants of transactive energy systems seek an optimal power allocation through hybrid economic-control methods to facilitate the integration of various types of distributed energy resources to power distribution systems. In transactive energy systems, every participant is assumed to be a rational entity, and consumers have diminishing marginal utility and suppliers have increasing marginal cost. With the first proposed anomaly-detection criterion, the monotonicity of marginal cost and marginal utility are examined. The impact of line flow constraints is also taken into consideration. Then, the second anomaly-detection criterion is proposed for TESs with marginal cost and marginal utility which change faster than a certain rate. The second criterion is more accurate than the first one for TES with marginal cost and marginal utility which change faster than a certain rate, but it requires the knowledge of that rate. Neither criteria requires more data than those necessary to find the optimal power allocation and the market-clear price in a transactive energy system. Therefore, the proposed criteria do not disclose any more data than necessary. As the monotonicity of marginal cost and marginal utility in a TES with competitive markets results in convex objective functions in an optimization problem and strongly convex ones when marginal cost and marginal utility changes faster than a certain rate, the two detection criteria are also applicable to anomaly detection of general convex optimization problems. Simulations are carried out to show the efficacy of the proposed criteria to detect anomalies caused by cyberattacks.
Wang, Peng↗
Highly Distorted Chiral Two-Dimensional Tin Iodide Perovskites for Spin Polarized Charge Transport
Incorporating chiral organic molecules into organic/inorganic hybrid 2D-layered metal-halide perovskites results in a novel family of chiral hybrid semiconductors with unique spin-dependent properties. The embedded chiral organic moieties induce a chiroptical response from the inorganic metal-halide sublattice. However, the structural interplay between the chiral organic molecules and the inorganic sublattice, as well as their synergic effect on the resulting electronic band structure need to be explored in a broader material scope. Here we present three new layered tin iodide perovskites templated by chiral ( R/S -)methylbenzylammonium ( R/S -MBA), i.e. ( R-/S -MBA) 2 SnI 4 , and their racemic phase ( rac -MBA) 2 SnI 4 . These MBA 2 SnI 4 compounds exhibit the largest level of octahedral bond distortion compared to any other reported layered tin iodide perovskite. The incorporation of chiral MBA cations leads to circularly polarized absorption from the inorganic Sn–I sublattice, displaying chiroptical activity in the 300–500 nm wavelength range. The bandgap and chiroptical activity are modulated by alloying Sn with Pb, in the series of (MBA) 2 Pb 1-x Sn x I 4 . Finally, we show that vertical charge transport through oriented ( R-/S -MBA) 2 SnI 4 thin films is highly spin-dependent, arising from a chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. We demonstrate a spin-polarization in the current-voltage characteristics as high as 94%. Our work shows the tremendous potential of these chiral hybrid semiconductors for controlling both spin and charge degrees of freedom.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Adaptive Threshold-Based Zonal Isolation of Faults in a Multiterminal DC Using Local Measurements
Fast and accurate methods of fault detection and isolation are a pre-emptive measure in multiterminal dc (MTdc) systems. Zonal isolation of faults is necessary to prevent any misopertation of the dc breakers that can lead to a shutdown of the network. Existing techniques require fast-communication or data synchronization methods have their own disadvantages. This article proposes a method for efficient fault zone isolation without the need of a communication link that prevents any misoperation of the dc breakers in a radial MTdc. This method provides individual local measurement-based control to the hybrid dc circuit breakers (dcCB). Faults created outside the zone of protection for a breaker create a change in the rate of change of current or voltage leading to misoperation. To avoid detection using a fixed threshold, an adaptive threshold based approach is suggested that updates the threshold based on the present operating status. Sensitivity analysis by varying the current limiting inductance and fault location is performed. In conclusion, a three terminal radial model of an MTdc is used for zonal isolation using power system computer aided design/electromagnetic transients including dc.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
Prediction of Thermal Conditions of DED With FEA Metal Additive Simulation
This paper presents the integration of wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) using Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) into a machine tool to create a retrofit hybrid computer numeric control (CNC) machine tool. GMAW, along with other direct energy deposition systems, has the capacity to deposit material faster than the excess thermal energy can dissipate. This results in the need to allow the part to cool between consecutive layers, which is the most time-consuming part of the additive process. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used in conjunction with monitored build plate surface temperatures during deposition samples to improve adequate dwell time prediction and to develop a cooling system. A deposition was completed where no dwell time was used and the build plate along with the machine table temperatures were monitored. A second deposition was completed where only one bead was deposited and the traverse speed was increased. The GMAW welder was mounted on a 3-axis CNC machine where two square deposition samples were completed. A FEA model was designed and verified using the monitored samples. The model will be used to determine improved depositions speeds and whether forced cooling would allow for an increased deposition rate without structural failure. It was determined the FEA software can be used to accurately model and predict the thermal response of WAAM AM components.
Heinrich, Lauren↗
Integrating process, control-flow, and data resiliency layers using a hybrid Fenix/Kokkos approach.
Abstract not provided.
Whitlock, Matthew↗
Integrating process, control-flow, and data resiliency layers - Using a hybrid Fenix/Kokkosa approach.
Abstract not provided.
Whitlock, Matthew↗
Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms for quantum optimal control
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Magann, Alicia Bette [Sandia National Laboratories↗
Novel Hybrid Current Limiter for Grid-Forming Inverter Control During Unbalanced Faults
Grid-forming (GFM) inverter controls have illustrated many desirable features to enable the bulk integration of renewable resources into the future power grid; however, the performance of GFM inverters during unbalanced faults remains underexplored. This paper proposes a novel current-limiting method for GFM inverters to handle unbalanced fault conditions while providing voltage support to the main grid. The proposed current limiter combines concepts of dynamic virtual-impedance and current-reference saturation limiting, all built in the stationary reference frame, to achieve improved current-limiting performance under unbalanced load/fault conditions. System-wide full-order transient simulations with multiple GFM inverters demonstrate the potential of the method and benchmark the performance against state-of-the-art current limiters. Simulation results portray improved voltage balancing performance of the proposed method compared to both current-reference saturation and virtual-impedance limiting.
controller anti windup↗
Novel Hybrid Current Limiter for Grid-Forming Inverter Control During Unbalanced Faults: Preprint
Grid-forming (GFM) inverter controls have illustrated many desirable features to enable bulk integration of renewable sources into the future power grid. However, the performance of GFM inverters during unbalanced faults remains under-explored. In this paper, a novel current-limiting method is proposed for GFM inverters to handle unbalanced fault conditions while providing voltage support to the main grid. The proposed current limiter combines concepts of dynamic virtual-impedance and current-reference saturation limiting, all built-up in the stationary reference frame to achieve improved current-limiting performance under unbalanced load/fault conditions. System-wide full-order transient simulations with multiple GFM inverters demonstrate the potential of the method and benchmark the performance against state-of-the-art current limiters. Simulation results portray improved voltage balancing performance of the proposed method compared to both current-reference saturation and virtual-impedance limiting.
controller anti windup↗