An RF Photon-Number-Resolving Detector Using Majorana Zero Mode.
Abstract not provided.
Chatterjee, Eric↗
SEARCH · Search NASA
Results for “photon detectors”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
SQuaD: Smart Quantum Detection for Photon Recognition and Dark Count Elimination
Quantum detectors of single photons are an essential component for quantum information processing across computing, communication and networking. Today's quantum detection system, which consists of single photon detectors, timing electronics, control and data processing software, is primarily used for counting the number of single photon detection events. However, it is largely incapable of extracting other rich physical characteristics of the detected photons, such as their wavelengths, polarization states, photon numbers, or temporal waveforms. This work, for the first time, demonstrates a smart quantum detection system, SQuaD, which integrates a field programmable gate array (FPGA) with a neural network model, and is designed to recognize the features of photons and to eliminate detector dark-count. The SQuaD is a fully integrated quantum system with high timing-resolution data acquisition, onboard multi-scale data analysis, intelligent feature recognition and extraction, and feedback-driven system control. Our \name experimentally demonstrates 1) reliable photon counting on par with the state-of-the art commercial systems; 2) high-throughput data processing for each individual detection events; 3) efficient dark count recognition and elimination; 4) up to 100% accurate feature recognition of photon wavelength and polarization. Additionally, we deploy the SQuaD to an atomic (erbium ion) photon emitter source to realize noise-free control and readout of a spin qubit in the telecom band, enabling critical advances in quantum networks and distributed quantum information processing.
Linne, Karl C. [U. Chicago (main)] (ORCID:00090009↗
Search for dark matter decaying to two displaced muons produced in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV with the CMS detector, and for dark photons produced in electron-positron fixed-target collisions at 500 MeV with the PADME detector
Two novel searches for dark matter using particle accelerators are presented. The first is a search for inelastically-coupled dark matter with the CMS detector at CERN, relying on 137 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data collected at 13 TeV center-of-mass energy between 2016 and 2018. The search strategy exploits the striking signature expected of inelastic dark matter: a pair of displaced, soft, and narrow muons collimated with missing transverse momentum and recoiled off an initial-state radiation jet. This is the first search for inelastic dark matter at a hadron collider. The second experiment is PADME, a small-scale detector to search for dark photons located in Frascati, Italy. PADME seeks to detect the production of dark photons in positron-electron collisions with a stationary diamond target and a 500 MeV positron beam. The missing-mass technique employed in the experiment relies on constraining all four-momenta in the system except for the dark photon and lookin g for a bump in the resulting invariant mass distribution corresponding to the dark photon's mass. The projected sensitivity for both experiments is compared in the context of highlighting the need for a comprehensive experimental search program for dark matter. Both analyses expect first public results by the end of 2020.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Studies of event burst phenomenon with SiPMs in liquid nitrogen
Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) are used to collect scintillation photons in many cryogenic noble liquid detectors deployed around the world, such as DarkSide, nEXO, MEGII, ProtoDUNE and DUNE. An event burst phenomenon was observed during routine characterization on many models of SiPMs operated in liquid nitrogen. These bursts of consecutive pulses are initiated by an intense dark photoelectron pulse with an event rate much lower than the time-uncorrelated thermal dark pulse. Although the rate of these burst events is very low, it can potentially compromise some dedicated rare physics event searches which are also anticipated to be of extremely low rate. Here, we systematically studied the behavior of the event burst phenomenon and identified the probable cause of the phenomenon. Here, this investigation is important for the selection of SiPMs for use in noble liquid detectors, high energy physics experiments, and industrial applications where SiPMs are used in cryogenic environment.
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
Statistics of the charge spectrum of photo-multipliers and methods for absolute calibration
We derive the full expression for the shape of the charge spectrum that results from the illumination of a photo-multiplier tube. The derivation is for low intensity illumination with constant gain, a common condition for most nuclear and particle physics applications. Under these conditions, it is shown that an analytic expression can be formulated that describes details of the spectrum including the pedestal and dark noise with excellent fidelity to allow statistical fits to data. The derivation and full formula using either Gaussian or Poisson models for gain, and its limiting forms under various simplifying assumptions are presented with strategies on their use. The analytic description can be used to formulate data acquisition strategies to perform precise absolute calibration of photo-multipliers, the digitizers, and the data acquisition system.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Signal formation and sharing in AC-LGADs using the ALTIROC 0 front-end chip
The development of detectors that provide high resolution in four dimensions has attracted wide-spread interest in the scientific community for applications in high-energy physics, nuclear physics, medical imaging, mass spectroscopy as well as quantum information. However, finding a technology capable of fulfilling such aspiration proved to be an arduous task. Among other silicon-based candidates, the Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) has already shown excellent timing performances but proved to be unsuitable for fine pixelization. Therefore, the AC-coupled LGAD (AC-LGAD) approach was introduced to provide high resolution in both time and space, making it a promising candidate for future 4D detectors. However, appropriate readout electronics must be developed to match the sensor's fast-time and fine-pitch capabilities. This is currently a major technological challenge. Here, we test AC-LGAD prototypes read out by the fast-time ASIC ALTIROC 0, originally developed for the readout of DC-coupled LGADs for the ATLAS experiment at the High Luminosity-LHC. Signal generated by either betas from a 90 Sr source or a focused infra-red laser were analyzed. This paper details the first successful readout of an AC-LGAD sensor using a readout chip. This result will pave the way for the design and construction of a new generation of AC-LGAD-based 4D detectors.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Observation of Single-Top-Quark Production in Association with a Photon Using the ATLAS Detector
This Letter reports the observation of single top quarks produced together with a photon, which directly probes the electroweak coupling of the top quark. The analysis uses 139 fb -1 of 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Requiring a photon with transverse momentum larger than 20 GeV and within the detector acceptance, the fiducial cross section is measured to be 688±23(stat) $^{+75}_{-71}$(syst) fb, to be compared with the standard model prediction of 515$^{+36}_{-42}$ fb at next-to-leading order in QCD.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Testbed and Experiments for Quantum-Conventional Networking
The realization of quantum networks requires the development of devices and methods unprecedented in conventional networks, and yet they critically depend on the latter for implementing foundational blocks and essential operations. We describe a testbed to support the development and testing of their functionality and performance by providing quantum and conventional data planes and devices, together with a secure conventional control plane. It incorporates a variety of entangled photon sources, qubit technologies, detector technologies, photonic components, and supporting conventional switches and workstations. It implements a novel fiber telescoping scheme that provides suites of connections using fiber spools and inground-aerial fiber loops. We briefly summarize a variety of experiments conducted over this testbed including: (i) flex-grid quantum connection experiments, (ii) quantum state and channel tomography, (iii) utilization of quantum key distribution keys to secure conventional encryption and firewall devices, (iv) comparative study of analytical capacity estimates and entanglement throughput, (v) deployed squeezing coexisting with conventional communications, and (iv) measurement of polarization time variation.
Rao, Nageswara [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000234085941)↗
Large Area InGaN/GaN MQW p-i-n Avalanche Photodiode Cherenkov Radiation Detectors
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Measurement of isolated-photon plus two-jet production in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Characterisation of signal-induced noise in Hamamatsu R11265 Multianode Photomultiplier Tubes
Signal-induced noise is observed in Hamamatsu R11265 Multianode Photomultiplier Tubes, manifesting up to several microseconds after the single photoelectron response signal and localised in specific anodes. The mean number of noise pulses varies between devices, and shows significant dependence on the applied high-voltage. The characterisation of this noise and the mitigation strategies to perform optimal single-photon counting at 40 MHz, as required by the LHCb Ring-Imaging Cherenkov detectors, are reported.
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
Search for flavour-changing neutral-current couplings between the top quark and the photon with the ATLAS detector at s = 13 TeV
This letter documents a search for flavour-changing neutral currents (FCNCs), which are strongly suppressed in the Standard Model, in events with a photon and a top quark with the ATLAS detector. The analysis uses data collected in pp collisions at TeV during Run 2 of the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb –1 . Both FCNC top-quark production and decay are considered. The final state consists of a charged lepton, missing transverse momentum, a b-tagged jet, one high-momentum photon and possibly additional jets. A multiclass deep neural network is used to classify events either as signal in one of the two categories, FCNC production or decay, or as background. No significant excess of events over the background prediction is observed and 95% CL upper limits are placed on the strength of left- and right-handed FCNC interactions. The 95% CL bounds on the branching fractions for the FCNC top-quark decays, estimated (expected) from both top-quark production and decay, are B(t → uγ) < 0.85 (0.88$^{+0.37}_{-0.25}$) × 10 –5 and B(t → cγ) < 4.2 (3.40$^{+1.35}_{-0.95}$) × 10 –5 for a left-handed tqγ coupling, and B(t → uγ) < 1.2 (1.20$^{+0.50}_{-1.33}$) ×10 –5 and B(t → cγ) < 4.5 (3.70$^{+1.47}_{-1.03}$) × 10 –5 for a right-handed coupling.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
A first test of CUPID prototypal light detectors with NTD-Ge sensors in a pulse-tube cryostat
CUPID is a next-generation bolometric experiment aiming at searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay with ~250 kg of isotopic mass of 100 Mo. It will operate at ~10 mK in a cryostat currently hosting a similar-scale bolometric array for the CUORE experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (Italy). CUPID will be based on large-volume scintillating bolometers consisting of 100 Mo-enriched Li 2 MoO 4 crystals, facing thin Ge-wafer-based bolometric light detectors. In the CUPID design, the detector structure is novel and needs to be validated. In particular, the CUORE cryostat presents a high level of mechanical vibrations due to the use of pulse tubes and the effect of vibrations on the detector performance must be investigated. In this paper we report the first test of the CUPID-design bolometric light detectors with NTD-Ge sensors in a dilution refrigerator equipped with a pulse tube in an above-ground lab. Light detectors are characterized in terms of sensitivity, energy resolution, pulse time constants, and noise power spectrum. Despite the challenging noisy environment due to pulse-tube-induced vibrations, we demonstrate that all the four tested light detectors comply with the CUPID goal in terms of intrinsic energy resolution of 100 eV RMS baseline noise. Indeed, we have measured 70–90 eV RMS for the four devices, which show an excellent reproducibility. We have also obtained high energy resolutions at the 356 keV line from a 133 Ba source, as good as Ge semiconductor γ detectors in this energy range.
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
Reflectivity and PDE of VUV4 Hamamatsu SiPMs in liquid xenon
Considering reflective properties of materials and photodetection efficiency (PDE) of photodetectors is important for optimizing energy resolution and sensitivity of the next generation neutrinoless double beta decay, direct detection dark matter, and neutrino oscillation experiments that will use noble liquid gases, such as nEXO, DARWIN, DarkSide-20k, and DUNE . Little information is currently available about reflectivity and PDE in liquid noble gases, because such measurements are difficult to conduct in a cryogenic environment and at short enough wavelengths. Here we report a measurement of specular reflectivity and relative PDE of Hamamatsu VUV4 silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) with 50 μ m micro-cells conducted with xenon scintillation light ( ~ 175 nm) in liquid xenon. The specular reflectivity at 15 o incidence of three samples of VUV4 SiPMs is found to be 30.4 ± 1.4%, 28.6 ± 1.3%, and 28.0 ± 1.3%, respectively. The PDE at normal incidence differs by ± 8% (standard deviation) among the three devices. The angular dependence of the reflectivity and PDE was further measured for one of the SiPMs. Both the reflectivity and PDE decrease as the angle of incidence increases. This is the first measurement of an angular dependence of PDE and reflectivity of a SiPM in liquid xenon.
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
The DAMIC-M Low Background Chamber
The DArk Matter In CCDs at Modane (DAMIC-M) experiment isdesigned to search for light dark matter (m$_{χ}$ < 10 GeV/c$^{2}$)at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) in France. DAMIC-Mwill use skipper charge-coupled devices (CCDs) as a kg-scale activedetector target. Its single-electron resolution will enable eV-scaleenergy thresholds and thus world-leading sensitivity to a range ofhidden sector dark matter candidates. A DAMIC-M prototype, the LowBackground Chamber (LBC), has been taking data at LSM since2022. The LBC provides a low-background environment, which has beenused to characterize skipper CCDs, study dark current, and measureradiopurity of materials planned for DAMIC-M. It also allows testingof various subsystems like readout electronics, data acquisitionsoftware, and slow control. This paper describes the technicaldesign and performance of the LBC.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Characterization of Silicon Photomultiplier Photon Detection Efficiency at Liquid Nitrogen Temperature
The detection of individual photons at cryogenic temperatures is of interest to many experiments searching for physics beyond the Standard Model. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are often deployed in liquid argon or liquid xenon to detect scintillation light either directly or after it has been wavelength-shifted. Maximizing the photon detection efficiency (PDE) of the SiPMs used in these experiments optimizes the sensitivity to new physics; however, the PDEs of commercial SiPMs, although well known at room temperature, are not well characterized at the cryogenic temperatures at which many experiments operate them. Here we present results from an experimental setup that measures the photon detection efficiencies of silicon photomultipliers at liquid nitrogen temperature, 77 K. Results from a KETEK PM3325-WB-D0 and a Hamamatsu S13360-3050CS silicon photomultiplier — of R&D interest to the LEGEND experiment — exhibit a decrease in photon detection efficiency greater than 20% at liquid nitrogen temperature relative to room temperature for 562 nm light.
Cryogenic detectors↗
Perovskite CsPbBr 3 Single-Crystal Detector Operating at 10 10 Photons s -1 mm -2 for Ultra-High Flux X-ray Detection
Semiconductors for detecting hard radiation are confronted with considerable problems when operating at high photon fluxes. A perovskite CsPbBr 3 single-crystal detector capable of operating at X-ray fluxes of up to 10 10 photons s -1 mm -2 with beam area ≤ 0.25 mm 2 at 58.61 keV for current-mode X-ray detection is reported. The spectrometer-grade melt-grown CsPbBr 3 detectors show a gamma-ray energy resolution of ~7.5% at 122 keV for 57 Co and dark current as low as 4.3 nA (0.5 nA mm -2 ) at a reverse bias voltage of 200 V (118 V mm -1 ). The detector is tested at X-ray energies of 8.2, 10, and 58.61 keV at a synchrotron light source under a reverse bias voltage of up to 1000 V (588 V mm -1 ). Under a sufficiently high bias voltage and within several hundreds of seconds X-ray exposure, good photocurrent linearity (goodness of fit R 2 > 0.99) and reproducibility are obtained up to a flux of ≈10 10 photons s -1 mm -2 at beam area 0.25 mm 2 with Lower Limit of Detection of ≈10 5 photons s -1 mm -2 and Charge Collection Efficiency of ≈100% for 58.61 keV X-rays. Therefore, wide application of CsPbBr 3 detectors in high-flux X-ray detection is anticipated.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Snowmass Neutrino Frontier NF10 Topical Group Report: Netrino Detectors
We discuss here future neutrino detectors with physics goals ranging from the eV to the EeV scale. The focus is on future enabling technologies for such detectors, rather than existing detectors or those under construction. The report includes methodologies across the broad spectrum of neutrino physics: liquid noble and other cryogenic detectors, including LAr and LXe TPCs; photon-based detectors including technologies enabling hybrid Cherenkov/scintillation detectors; low-threshold detectors which use a wide variety of technologies to probe physics like coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering or detection of cosmic background neutrinos; and ultra-high energy detectors including optical and radio detectors, as well as tracking detectors for use at the forward physics facility of the LHC.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗