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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Enforcing global constraints for the dispersion closure problem: τ 2 -SIMPLE algorithm

Permeability and effective dispersion tensors are critical parameters to characterize flow and transport in porous media at the continuum scale. Homogenization theory defines a framework in which such effective properties are first computed from solving a closure problem in a repeating unit cell of the periodic microstructure and then used in a macroscopic formulation for efficient computation. The closure problem is formulated as a local boundary value problem subjected to global constraints, which guarantee the uniqueness of the solution and can be difficult to satisfy for complex geometries and at high flow conditions. These constraints also ensure that pore-scale pressure, velocity, and concentration fields can be accurately reconstructed from the closure variable. Building on a previous work, here we present a framework that allows to satisfy global constraints associated to both the permeability and the dispersion closure problems by introducing two artificial time scales. The algorithm, called τ 2 -SIMPLE, computes both permeability and effective dispersion given an arbitrarily complex geometry and flow condition. Furthermore, this algorithm is demonstrated to be accurate for both 2D and 3D geometries across varying flow conditions, and thus it can be used to quickly characterize effective properties from porous media images in many applications.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1996

Annual Research Briefs - 1996, Center for Turbulence Research

Partial contents include: (1) Simulation of jet impingement heat transfer with the k-e-V2 model; (2) A new methodology for turbulence modelers using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) database analysis; (3) A particle representation model for the deformation of homogeneous turbulence; (4) Modeling of inhomogeneous compressible turbulence using a two-scale statistical theory; (5) Lewis number effects on partially premixed flames; (6) Conditional moment closure of mixing and reaction in turbulent non-premixed combustion; (7) Dynamic models for LES of turbulent front propagation with a spectral method; (8) Jet noise using large eddy simulation; (9) Towards numerical simulations of trailing-edge aeroacoustics; (10) A model for the onset of vortex breakdown; (11) Compressing an elliptic vortex: transition to turbulence by tumble breakdown; (12) A new method for the adaptive control of vortex-wall interactions; (13) Symmetries in turbulent boundary layer flows; (14) Near-wall models in large eddy simulations of flow behind a backward-facing step; (15) Assessment of the subgrid-scale models at low and high Reynolds numbers; (16) Large-eddy simulations of flow around a NACA 4412 airfoil using unstructured grids; (17) Progress on LES of flow past a circular cylinder; (18) Experimental investigation of flow through an asymmetric plane diffuser; (19) Progress in the large-eddy simulation of an asymmetric plane diffuser; (20) A numerical study of self-similarity in a turbulent plane wake using large-eddy simulation; (21) On the generation of turbulent inflow conditions for boundary layer simulations, and (22) A new class of finite difference schemes.

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Interacting CFTs for all couplings: thermal versus entanglement entropy at large N

In this paper, I calculate the large N limit of marginal O(N) models with non-polynomial potentials in arbitrary odd dimensions d. This results in a new class of interacting pure conformal field theories (CFTs) in d = 3 + 4n for any n ϵ $\mathbb{Z}$ + . Similarly, in d = 3 + 4n I calculate the thermal entropy for all couplings on R 2+4n × S 1 for n = 0, 1, 2, 3. In 2+1 dimensions I find the strong-to-weak coupling ratio of the thermal entropy to be 4/5, matching recent results, and further extend this analysis to higher odd dimensions. Next, I calculated the vacuum entanglement entropy ${s}_{\textrm{EE}}^d$ on S d–2 for all couplings in arbitrary odd d in the large N limit. I find the vacuum entanglement entropy on S d–2 to be not only solvable but also constant for all couplings λ. Thus, in the large N limit, the vacuum entanglement entropy on S d–2 for odd d is constant for all λ, in contrast to the thermal entropy which is shown to also be monotonically decreasing with λ in d = 3 + 4n.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Search for new physics in the final state with a single photon and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at √𝑠 =13 TeV

A search for new physics in events featuring a single photon and missing transverse momentum is presented, using proton-proton √𝑠 =13 TeV collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb −1 collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC between 2017 and 2018. This analysis, combined with a previous study of 36 fb −1 of 2016 data (totaling 137 fb −1 ), reveals no significant deviations from standard model expectations. The results are then used to establish 95% confidence level limits on parameters in theoretical models involving dark matter and large extra dimensions. Compared to the 2016-only analysis, this search achieves up to a 14% improvement in exclusion reach for mediator masses in simplified dark matter models, along with 11% and 10% enhancements in the limits on the effective field theory suppression scale and the fundamental Planck scale, respectively. These results are the most stringent constraints on these parameters to date.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Relevance of one-loop SMEFT matching in the 2HDM

The two-Higgs doublet model (2HDM) is a well understood alternative to the Standard Model of particle physics. If the new particles included in the 2HDM are at an energy scale much greater than the weak scale, the theory can be matched to the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT). We compute for the first time the complete one-loop matching at dimension-6. We compare its numerical impact with that of tree-level matching at dimension-8 by performing a global fit to single Higgs and precision electroweak measurements, and we emphasize the importance of comparing one-loop SMEFT results with corresponding one-loop results in the full 2HDM model. In the SMEFT, we consider the relative importance of both one-loop matching and the inclusion of renormalization group evolution. Our results demonstrate the necessity of studying the impact of various expansions to quantify the uncertainties of the SMEFT matching. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Probing New Physics with Tau Leptons using the CMS Detector

The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics is a thoroughly well-tested theory of all electroweak scale phenomena to date—the most recent test being the discovery of the long-predicted Higgs boson. However, there is much evidence to suggest that it is incomplete. On the formal side, the mass of the Higgs particle itself is perplexingly small, while the largest theoretical energy scale of the SM is 17 orders of magnitude larger, a puzzle known as the hierarchy problem. On the experimental side, among other things, the SM lacks a candidate for dark matter, which is now known to play an indispensable role in astrophysical large scale structure formation. Many theories that address the fundamental puzzles of the SM predict the existence of multiple Higgs bosons, including a very light boson that couples preferentially to third-generation fermions. Observation of this new light boson, either directly produced or in the decay of the recently discovered SM Higgs, would provide an unmistakable sign of new dynamics in nature. The research supported by this award used data collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to explore boosted di-tau signatures of a new light boson as a tool in the quest to understand the shortcomings of the SM. With a proton-proton collision energy of 13 trillion electron-volts (TeV) and peak instantaneous proton luminosity of over 10^34 collisions per square centimeter per second (cm –2 s –1 ), the LHC is the only facility in the world that could enable this line of research. The research sought to address the hierarchy problem and other shortcomings of the SM through a mixture of LHC data analysis, maintenance of the CMS detector to ensure high quality data, and contributions to the Phase 2 upgrade detector for the upcoming High Luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1980

Primordial nucleosynthesis and Dirac's large numbers hypothesis

Consideration is given to the analysis of Falik (1979) which attempted to show that the cosmological model proposed by Canuto and Hsieh (1978) in which the gravitational constant varies with time contradicts observations of primordial helium. It is shown that the analysis was based on the assumptions that (1) the energy density of radiation in local thermodynamic equilibrium is approximately equal to the fourth power of the equilibrium temperature, where the product of the equilibrium temperature with the scale factor of the Robertson-Walker metric is constant, and (2) the gravitational constant is approximately equal to the inverse of the time even at early cosmological epochs. These assumptions are demonstrated to be invalid in the scale covariant theory of gravitation used to develop the model, thus negating the conclusion that the Canuto and Hsieh model excludes the primordial synthesis of helium.

Canuto, V.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Nonlinear attitude dynamics of satellites

A study of predicting the rotational motion of a rigid body satellite orbiting the earth under the influence of external torques is presented. The attitude motion in response to external torques is formulated as a perturbation from a nominal torque-free case; the equations of motion are parameterized by the ratio of the orbital and attitude frequencies. The independent variable time is extended into a space of higher dimension by using new fast and slow scales. The theory is applied for predicting the attitude dynamics of an asymmetric rigid-body satellite.

Ramnath, R. V.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Performance of a 2D-CD nonaxisymmetric exhaust nozzle on a turbojet engine at altitude

Baseline thrust and cooling data obtained with a 2D-CD versatile research exhaust nozzle mounted on a turbojet engine in an altitude chamber are presented. The tests covered a range of nozzle pressure ratios, nozzle pressure ratios, nozzle throat areas, and internal expansion area ratios. The thrust data obtained show good agreement with theory and scale model results after correcting the data for leakage and bypass cooling flows. Additional work is needed to improve predictability of cooling performance.

Straight, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Dependence of sea-surface microwave emissivity on friction velocity as derived from SMMR/SASS

The sea-surface microwave emissivity is derived using SMMR brightness temperatures and SASS inferred friction velocities for three North Pacific Seasat passes. The results show the emissivity increasing linearly with friction velocity with no obvious break between the foam-free and foam regimes up to a friction velocity of about 70 cm/sec (15 m/sec wind speed). For horizontal polarization the sensitivity of emissivity to friction velocity greatly increases with frequency, while for vertical polarization the sensitivity is much less and is independent of frequency. This behavior is consistent with two-scale scattering theory. A limited amount of high friction velocity data above 70 cm/sec suggests an additional increase in emissivity due to whitecapping.

Wentz, F. J.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Microgravity nucleation and particle coagulation experiments support

Modifications to the nucleation apparatus suggested by our first microgravity flight campaign are complete. These included a complete 'repackaging' of the equipment into three racks along with an improved vapor spout shutter mechanism and additional thermocouples for gas temperature measurements. The 'repackaged' apparatus was used in two KC-135 campaigns: one during the week of June 3, 1991 consisting of two flights with Mg and two with Zn, and another series consisting of three flights with Zn during the week of September 23, 1991. Our effort then was focused on the analysis of these data, including further development of the mathematical models to generate the values of temperature and supersaturation at the observed points of nucleation. The efforts to apply Hale's Scaled Nucleation Theory to our experimental data have met with only limited success, most likely due to still inadequate temperature field determination. Work on the development of a preliminary particle collector system designed to capture particles from the region of nucleation and condensation, as well as from other parts of the chamber, are discussed.

Lilleleht, L. U.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Microgravity nucleation and particle coagulation experiments support

This project is a part of a program at GSFC to study to formation and growth of cosmic dust grain analogs under terrestrial as well as microgravity conditions. Its primary scientific objective is to study the homogeneous nucleation of refractory metal vapors and a variety of their oxides among others, while the engineering, and perhaps a more immediate objective is to develop a system capable of producing mono-dispersed, homogeneous suspensions of well-characterized refractory particles for various particle interaction experiments aboard the Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom. Both of these objectives are to be met by a judicious combination of laboratory experiments on the ground and aboard NASA's KC-135 experimental research aircraft. Major effort during the current reporting period was devoted to the evaluation of our very successful first series of microgravity test runs in Feb. 1990. Although the apparatus performed well, it was decided to 'repackage' the equipment for easier installation on the KC-135 and access to various components. It will now consist of three separate racks: one each for the nucleation chamber, the power subsystem, and the electronic packages. The racks were fabricated at the University of Virginia and the assembly of the repackaged units is proceeding well. Preliminary analysis of the video data from the first microgravity flight series was performed and the results appear to display some trends expected from Hale's Scaled Nucleation Theory of 1986. The data acquisition system is currently being refined.

Lilleleht, L. U.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Processing parameters associated with scale-up of balloon film production

A method is set forth for assessing strain-rate profiles that can be used to develop a scale-up theory for blown-film extrusion. Strain rates are evaluated by placing four ink dots on the stalk of an extruded bubble to follow the displacements of the dots as a function of time. The instantaneous Hencky strain is obtained with the displacement data and plotted for analysis. Specific attention is given to potential sources of error in the distance measurements and corrections for these complex bubble geometries. The method is shown to be effective for deriving strain-rate data related to different processing parameters for the production of balloon film. The strain rates can be compared to frostline height, blow-up ratio, and take-up ratio to optimize these processing variables.

Simpson, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Dark matter or new physics?

Several proposals for a new physics to explain the deviation of galactic rotation curves from their expected Keplerian falloff with distance are discussed. Emphasis is given to a locally scale-invariant theory of gravity posed by the authors. The observational consequences of this theory are pointed out.

Kazanas, Demosthenes↗
NASA NTRS1995

The mosaic structure of plasma bulk flows in the Earth's magnetotail

Moments of plasma distributions observed in the magnetotail vary with different time scales. In this paper we attempt to explain the observed variability on intermediate timescales of approximately 10-20 min that result from the simultaneous energization and spatial structuring of solar wind plasma in the distant magnetotail. These processes stimulate the formation of a system of spatially disjointed. highly accelerated filaments (beamlets) in the tail. We use the results from large-scale kinetic modeling of magnetotail formation from a plasma mantle source to calculate moments of ion distribution functions throughout the tail. Statistical restrictions related to the limited number of particles in our system naturally reduce the spatial resolution of our results, but we show that our model is valid on intermediate spatial scales Delta(x) x Delta(z) equal to approximately 1 R(sub E) x 1000 km. For these spatial scales the resulting pattern, which resembles a mosaic, appears to be quite variable. The complexity of the pattern is related to the spatial interference between beamlets accelerated at various locations within the distant tail which mirror in the strong near-Earth magnetic field. Global motion of the magnetotail results in the displacement of spacecraft with respect to this mosaic pattern and can produce variations in all of the moments (especially the x-component of the bulk velocity) on intermediate timescales. The results obtained enable us to view the magnetotail plasma as consisting of two different populations: a tailward-Earthward system of highly accelerated beamlets interfering with each other, and an energized quasithermal population which gradually builds as the Earth is approached. In the near-Earth tail, these populations merge into a hot quasi-isotropic ion population typical of the near-Earth plasma sheet. The transformation of plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) beam energy into central plasma sheet (CPS) quasi-thermal energy occurs in the absence of collisions or noise. This paper also clarifies the relationship between the global scale where an MHD description might be appropriate and the lower intermediate scales where MHD fails and large-scale kinetic theory should be used.

Ashour-Abdalla, M.↗
NASA NTRS1998

UCLA IGPP Space Plasma Simulation Group

During the past 10 years the UCLA IGPP Space Plasma Simulation Group has pursued its theoretical effort to develop a Mission Oriented Theory (MOT) for the International Solar Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) program. This effort has been based on a combination of approaches: analytical theory, large scale kinetic (LSK) calculations, global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations and self-consistent plasma kinetic (SCK) simulations. These models have been used to formulate a global interpretation of local measurements made by the ISTP spacecraft. The regions of applications of the MOT cover most of the magnetosphere: the solar wind, the low- and high-latitude magnetospheric boundary, the near-Earth and distant magnetotail, and the auroral region. Most recent investigations include: plasma processes in the electron foreshock, response of the magnetospheric cusp, particle entry in the magnetosphere, sources of observed distribution functions in the magnetotail, transport of oxygen ions, self-consistent evolution of the magnetotail, substorm studies, effects of explosive reconnection, and auroral acceleration simulations.

Source record↗