Theory of strain phase separation and strain spinodal: Applications to ferroelastic and ferroelectric systems
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The quality of anaerobic sludge and struvite from black water treatment system, aerobic sludge from grey water treatment system and effluents of both systems was assessed for organic micropollutant content in order to ensure safety when reusing these products. Use of anaerobic black water sludge and struvite as soil amendments is recommended based on the low micropollutant content. Aerobic grey water sludge is recommended for disposal, because of the relatively high micropollutant concentrations, exceeding those in sewage sludge. Effluents of black and grey water treatment systems require post-treatment prior to reuse, because the measured micropollutant concentrations in the effluents are above ecotoxicological thresholds. - Highlights: • Black water contains personal care products, grey water contains pharmaceuticals. • High risk quotients are calculated for biocides triclosan and triclocarban. • Effluent post-treatment is required before grey and black water reuse. • UASB sludge and struvite can be applied as soil amendments. • Soil applications of grey water sludge should be prohibited.
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