ON THE POSSIBLE PRESENCE OF ICE ON THE MOON
Possible presence of local concentrations of ice on moon in permanently shaded areas
MOON↗
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NEW APPLICATIONS OF LUNAR SHADOW STUDIES
Variation of percentage of lunar shaded regions with changing elevation of sun
LUNAR SURFACE↗
LITHIUM HYDRIDE STORAGE UNIT DEVELOPMENT FOR THE SUNFLOWER SYSTEM
Lithium hydride as heat storage medium in the sunflower system to provide continuous power conversion during the shade time of earth orbits
POWER CONVERSION↗
Antiglare improvement for optical imaging systems
Baffle configuration provides a more efficient shade against interfering sources of illumination outside the desired field of view of optical imaging systems. It consists of a semi-ellipsoid of revolution about the minor axis with black specular reflecting surface and an aperture defined by the locus of the foci of the generating ellipse.
Davis, E. S.↗
Thermal heliotrope - A passive sun-tracker
Continuous sun tracking device consists of helical bimetallic coil and control mechanism. Coil produces torque and angular displacement with temperature change, and acts as device's driving element. Control mechanism, concentric shading mechanism containing bimetallic sensor coil, controls tracking rate and provides for reset cycle.
Byxbee, R. C.↗
Anti-glare improvement for optical imaging systems Patent
Light baffle with oblate hemispheroid surface and shading flange
Davis, E. S.↗
SFOF development
Investigating video image display assembly and discernibility of cathode ray tube gray shades for SFOF development
Source record↗
Low-temperature Brayton radiator performance in a variable-sink-temperature environment
An analysis of the performance of a low-temperature Brayton space radiator is presented. The cylindrical radiator with circumferential tubes was subjected to an equivalent sink temperature environment that varied along the fluid flow path. The radiator performance, as measured by fluid outlet temperature, was found to be dependent on the orbital position and the location of the radiator inlet relative to the sink temperature environment. An approximate dynamic analysis of sun-shade variations in performance is included.
Bien, D. B.↗
Digital correction of geometric and radiometric errors in ERTS data.
The sensor systems of the ERTS-A satellite are discussed and sources of geometric and radiometric errors in the received images are identified. Digital algorithms are presented for detection of reseau and ground control points, for rapid implementation of geometric corrections, and for radiometric correction of errors caused by shading, image motion, modulation transfer function, and quantum and systematic noise.
Bakis, R.↗
Optical contact approach to laser rod support.
The successful application of an optical contact is described between a ruby laser rod that has no mechanical support and a sapphire rod. The contact is found to be durable in the environmental conditions associated with a high-power pulsed ruby laser. The described contact technique makes it possible to construct a laser oscillator using an ellipsoidal pump mirror that does not employ dielectric coatings in the cavity. Another advantage consists in that the ruby laser is not shaded from the pump light by mounting jigs at its ends.
Gurski, T. R.↗
Digital video display system
System displays image data in real time on 120,000-element raster scan with 2, 4, or 8 shades of grey. Designed for displaying planetary range Doppler data, system can be used for X-Y plotting, displaying alphanumerics, and providing image animation.
Zygielbaum, A. I.↗
Directions of strong winds on Mars inferred
Asymmetrical crater shadings and diffuse light and dark streaks visible on the photography returned by the 1969 Mars flyby of Mariners 6 and 7 are probably eolian in origin. Wind directions inferred from mapping of these features parallel motions of observed global dust storms or relate to expected patterns of topographic funneling of winds.
Howard, A. D.↗
Density and optical properties of SPARCS plumes
Propellant gases emitted by attitude control systems such as SPARCS (Solar Pointing Aerobee Rocket Control System) and possible interference with experiments aboard the payloads are discussed. The optical properties of seven actual and potential gases emitted by propellant systems (CF4, N2H4, NH3, N2, CO2, Ar, and He) are presented. A compilation of absorption coefficients from 1 Angstrom to 50 microns and a summary of fluorescent spectra and efficiencies are provided. Since Freon-14 (CF4) is of primary importance to SPARCS, an experimental search for the fluorescent spectrum of CF4 was performed by exciting the gas with 920 Angstrom UV photons. The result was compared with an electron impact induced spectrum of CF4, and conclusions drawn about the nature of the radiating species. A detailed study of the CF4 flow fields and plume densities for typical SPARCS controlled payloads was made using gas dynamic codes which included the effects of vehicle shading and condensation. The importance of the optical properties of CF4 plumes was investigated and it is concluded that absorption is negligible but fluoresence may be significant in some cases.
Brown, W. A.↗
Identification of phenological stages and vegetative types for land use classification
The author has identified the following significant results. Two procedures for examining ERTS-1 imagery were investigated in cooperation with the photographic services section. Positive, 10X enlargements were produced of spectral bands 4, 6, and 7, for a portion of photo 1033-21020. Adequate detail remained to recognize physical features such as streams, glaciers, ice, and snow. Also the entire image was studied using transparencies produced by the 3M color-key process. A combination of three complementary color combinations produced visually recognizable shades apparently indicating vegetation differences. Also lakes and glacial streams of sufficient size, ice and snow, and drainage patterns can be recognized. A need is indicated for oblique low level color aerial photography in the vicinity of identifiable terrain features to assist in the positive location of vegetative communities appearing in the analysis process. In the primary areas of concern to this project identifiable manmade features are conspicuous by their absence. In image 1049-20505 band 7 produced distinct tonal differences on a mountain slope to river bottom gradient.
Branton, C. I.↗
Overall evaluation of ERTS-1 imagery for cartographic application
The author has identified the following significant results. Significant scientific conclusions are: (1) Bulk RBV's have internal positional accuracy in the order of 70 meters at ground scale while MSS internal accuracy is in the order of 200 to 300 meters. Both have precision processed images with accuracy within 70 meters. (2) Image quality exhibited by detectability and acutance is better than expected and perhaps twice as good as would be achieved by photographic film of the same resolution. (3) Photometric anomalies (shading) have limited RBV multispectral application, but it is believed that these anomalies can be further reduced. (4) The MSS has exceptionally high photometric fidelity but the matching of scenes taken under different conditions of illumination has not been resolved. (5) MSS bands 6 and 7 have enormous potential for surface water mapping including the correlation of shorelines at various water stages. (6) MSS band 7 demonstrates an actual cloud penetration capability beyond what was expected. It also has delineated cultural features better than the other MSS bands under certain conditions.
Colvocoresses, A. P.↗
Exploration of Marine Resources by Photographic Remote Sensing
The interpretation of photographs in oceanographic remote sensing is discussed. The photographs were made from spacecraft with two exceptions. Two photographs were made from aircraft. There were three types of film used to make the photographs: black-and-white, color, and color IR. Black and white photography is well known; it presents pictures in various shades of gray from black to white. Color film presents pictures in color, very nearly as the human eye sees them. Color IR film presents pictures in color also but not as seen by the human eye. Blue becomes much deeper blue, green is suppressed to some extent, and red is recorded beyond the visual range of the human eye, out in the near infrared. The most noticeable effect of the use of color IR film is that leaf materials which are highly reflective in the infrared part of the spectrum are presented as red.
Duntley, S. Q.↗
Application of ecological, geological and oceanographic ERTS-1 imagery to Delaware's coastal resources planning
The author has identified the following significant results. Communities containing five different coastal vegetation species, developed marshlands, and fresh water impoundments have been identified in ERTS-1 images. Suspended sediment and circulation patterns in imagery from five ERTS-1 passes over Delaware Bay have been enhanced and correlated with predicted current patterns. Conclusions reached are: (1) ERTS-1 is suitable platform for observing suspended sediment patterns and water masses synoptically over large areas. (2) Suspended sediment acts as a natural tracer allowing photointerpreters to deduce gross current circulation patterns from ERTS-1 imagery. (3) Under atmospheric conditions encountered along the East Coast of the United States MSS band 5 seems to give the best representation of sediment load in upper one meter of water column. (4) In the ERTS-1 imagery the sediment patterns are delineated by three to four neighboring shades of grey. (5) Negative transparencies of the ERTS-1 images give better contrast whenever the suspended sediment tones fall within the first few steps of the grey scale. (6) Color density slicing helps delineate the suspended sediment patterns more clearly and differentiate turbidity levels.
Klemas, V.↗
Remote sensing in Iowa agriculture
The author has identified the following significant results. Photo-interpretive methods have been used for vegetation identification to include additive false color analysis using the I2S Miniadcol system. Enlarged black and white ERTS-1 imagery provides excellent synoptic coverage over large areas and this provides the vegetation type interpretor with a first tool. Analysis of field type using MSS bands individually gives the interpretor only shades of gray to base his decision. Combining the MSS bands and adding color through the I2S Miniadcol system provides the interpretor a greater degree of freedom in his decision making process. The information potentially available from ERTS-1 can be of great use in state planning and as an aid to the present crop survey programs.
Mahlstede, J. P.↗