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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Plant biochemistry influences tropospheric ozone formation, destruction, deposition, and response

Tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) is among the most damaging air pollutant to plants. Plants alter the atmospheric O 3 concentration in two distinct ways: (i) by the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are precursors of O 3 ; and (ii) by dry deposition, which includes diffusion of O 3 into vegetation through stomata and destruction by nonstomatal pathways. Isoprene, monoterpenes, and higher terpenoids are emitted by plants in quantities that alter tropospheric O 3 . Deposition of O 3 into vegetation is related to stomatal conductance, leaf structural traits, and the detoxification capacity of the apoplast. The biochemical fate of O 3 once it enters leaves and reacts with aqueous surfaces is largely unknown, but new techniques for the tracking and identification of initial products have the potential to open the black box.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2022

Contractors Road Heavy Equipment Area (SWMU 055) 2021 Annual Groundwater Monitoring Report

This document presents a summary of activities completed at the Contractors Road Heavy Equipment (CRHE) Area, located at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida, from January through December 2021. The activities conducted at the CRHE Area include: - Annual groundwater sampling activities associated with site-wide plume monitoring and Underground Injection Control (UIC) monitoring in the former bioremediation Interim Measures (IM) Hot Spot 1 (HS1) area; - Direct push technology (DPT) groundwater investigation; and - Semi-annual vapor intrusion (VI) evaluation activities. This facility is designated Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) Number 055 (SWMU 055) under KSC’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action program. This report was prepared by HydroGeoLogic, Inc. (HGL) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under contract number 80KSC019F0096. The annual groundwater sampling results demonstrated that the footprint where chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOC) are present above their State of Florida groundwater cleanup target levels (GCTLs) is not expanding overall. One non-chlorinated VOC (1,4-dioxane) is found above its GCTL at isolated points within the chlorinated VOC plume. The DPT groundwater investigation is being used to delineate the horizontal and vertical boundaries where chlorinated VOCs are present at levels above natural attenuation default concentrations. That data supports an evaluation of potential additional remedial actions. The potential for VI into the CRHE Area Office (K6-1996H) is evaluated by collected sub-slab vapor samples from four locations twice a year (once in the wet season and once in the dry season). The results for 2021 were all below the Environmental Protection Agency's vapor intrusion screening levels (VISLs) for both commercial and residential settings. The path forward for the site is to continue annual monitoring for chlorinated VOCs and 1,4-dioxane until additional remedies are implemented or the site is transitioned to long-term monitoring.

Contractors Road Heavy Equipment↗
NASA NTRS2017

Airborne Measurements of Western U.S. Wildfire Emissions: Comparison with Prescribed Burning and Air Quality Implications

Wildfires emit significant amounts of pollutants that degrade air quality. Plumes from three wildfires in the western U.S. were measured from aircraft during the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) and the Biomass Burning Observation Project (BBOP), both in summer 2013. This study reports an extensive set of emission factors (EFs) for over 80 gases and 5 components of submicron particulate matter (PM1) from these temperate wildfires. These include rarely, or never before, measured oxygenated volatile organic compounds and multifunctional organic nitrates. The observed EFs are compared with previous measurements of temperate wildfires, boreal forest fires, and temperate prescribed fires. The wildfires emitted high amounts of PM1 (with organic aerosol (OA) dominating the mass) with an average EF that is more than 2 times the EFs for prescribed fires. The measured EFs were used to estimate the annual wildfire emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, total non methane organic compounds, and PM1 from 11 western U.S. states. The estimated gas emissions are generally comparable with the 2011 National Emissions Inventory (NEI). However, our PM1 emission estimate (1530 +/- 570 Gg/yr) is over 3 times that of the NEI PM2.5 estimate and is also higher than the PM2.5 emitted from all other sources in these states in the NEI. This study indicates that the source of OA from biomass burning in the western states is significantly underestimated. In addition, our results indicate that prescribed burning may be an effective method to reduce fine particle emissions.

measured oxygenated volatile organic compounds↗
DOE OSTI2025

Building 100 Groundwater Bioremediation at the Former DOE Pinellas Plant, Florida: Review of Progress and Opportunities

Weapons research, development, and production operations at the former Pinellas Plant, which includes the Building 100 area, released chlorinated organic solvents into the subsurface, contaminating the underlying soil and groundwater. The site was sold to Pinellas County and is now home to a thriving industrial park known as the Young - Rainey Science, Technology, and Research (STAR) Center. The US Department of Energy (DOE) has applied bioremediation at the Building 100 Area as a key technology to clean up the chlorinated volatile organic compound (cVOC) contamination in soil and groundwater. The monitoring data indicate significant progress toward remedial objectives over the past two decades. Starting conditions in the 1980s-1990s included areas containing residual undissolved dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) and the associated presence of an extensive high concentration plume in the groundwater. The original parent cVOCs were primarily tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE). After several informative pilot studies, bioremediation was implemented at the Building 100 Area of the site and relies on reductive biological pathways and the sequential removal of chlorine from the parent cVOCs forming dichloroethane (DCE) and chloroethene (vinyl chloride, VC). As bioremediation sites evolve toward cleanup, the trends in VC concentrations often serve as a critical indicator for progress and remediation timeframe because VC typically has a lower concentration target remedial objective (nominally 1 to 2 μg/L) compared to PCE and TCE (nominally 3 to 5 μg/L).

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

In Situ Synthesis of Molybdenum Carbide Nanoparticles Incorporated into Laser‐Patterned Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for Room Temperature VOC Sensing

Abstract Carbon laser‐patterning (CLaP) is emerging as a new tool for the precise and selective synthesis of functional carbon‐based materials for on‐chip applications. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the applicability of laser‐patterned nitrogen‐doped carbon (LP‐NC) for resistive gas‐sensing applications. Films of pre‐carbonized organic nanoparticles on polyethylenetherephthalate are carbonized with a CO 2 ‐laser. Upon laser‐irradiation a compositional and morphological gradient in the films is generated with a carbon content of 92% near the top surface. The specific surface areas of the LP‐NC are increased by introducing sodium iodide (NaI) as a porogen. Electronic conductivity and surface area measurements corroborate the deeper penetration of the laser‐energy into the film in the presence of NaI. Furthermore, impregnation of LP‐NC with MoC 1− x (<10 nm) nanoparticles is achieved by addition of ammonium heptamolybdate into the precursor film. The resulting doping‐sensitive nano‐grain boundaries between p‐type carbon and metallic MoC 1− x lead to an improvement of the volatile organic compounds sensing response of Δ R / R 0 = −3.7% or −0.8% for 1250 ppm acetone or 900 ppm toluene at room temperature, respectively, which is competitive with carbon‐based sensor materials. Further advances in sensitivity and in situ functionalization are expected to make CLaP a useful method for printing selective sensor arrays.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2026

Toluene Uptake and Outgassing by a 3D-Printed Silicone and the Impact on Mechanical Performance

Silicone elastomers have advantageous physical properties and are widely used in various applications. Additive manufacturing (AM) of silicones provides additional utility by enabling tunable mechanical and functional properties. However, the performance of these elastomers deteriorates over time with exposure to environmental stressors. Organic solvents and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are stressors that can cause dimensional changes to silicones with exposure and impact the overall function. Yet, the effects of such exposure on mechanical performance, including load response (LR), are not well understood. Here, in this study, we investigated the impact of a nonpolar solvent, toluene, on AM silicone material properties and compressive load. We observed that AM silicones rapidly absorbed toluene and swelled, leading to an increase in relative LR. Toluene concentration and compression did not affect uptake or swelling rates. In contrast, outgassing rates were slower for compressed coupons compared to uncompressed specimens, attributed to geometric constraints and polymer network changes impacting toluene diffusion outward. Compression also pinned the AM silicones at an enlarged state, significantly reducing relative LR after outgassing. Depending on toluene concentrations and compression, AM silicones can remain robust against toluene exposure and recover their initial printing geometry and mechanical performance after toluene outgassing and polymer relaxation.

Materials science↗
NASA NTRS2021

Climate-driven Chemistry and Aerosol Feedbacks in CMIP6 Earth System Models

Feedbacks play a fundamental role in determining the magnitude of the response of the climate system to external forcing, such as from anthropogenic emissions. The latest generation of Earth system models includes aerosol and chemistry components that interact with each other and with the biosphere. These interactions introduce a complex web of feedbacks that is important to understand and quantify. This paper addresses multiple pathways for aerosol and chemical feedbacks in Earth system models. These focus on changes in natural emissions (dust, sea salt, dimethyl sulfide, biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and lightning) and changes in reaction rates for methane and ozone chemistry. The feedback terms are then given by the sensitivity of a pathway to climate change multiplied by the radiative effect of the change. We find that the overall climate feedback through chemistry and aerosols is negative in the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) Earth system models due to increased negative forcing from aerosols in a climate with warmer surface temperatures following a quadrupling of CO2 concentrations. This is principally due to increased emissions of sea salt and BVOCs which are sensitive to climate change and cause strong negative radiative forcings. Increased chemical loss of ozone and methane also contributes to a negative feedback. However, overall methane lifetime is expected to increase in a warmer climate due to increased BVOCs. Increased emissions of methane from wetlands would also offset some of the negative feedbacks. The CMIP6 experimental design did not allow the methane lifetime or methane emission changes to affect climate, so we found a robust negative contribution from interactive aerosols and chemistry to climate sensitivity in CMIP6 Earth system models.

Aerosol feedbacks↗
DOE OSTI2021

Impact of Urban Pollution on Organic-Mediated New-Particle Formation and Particle Number Concentration in the Amazon Rainforest

A major challenge in assessing the impact of aerosols on climate change is to understand how human activities change aerosol loading and properties relative to the pristine-preindustrial baseline. Here we combine chemical transport simulation and field measurements to investigate the effect of anthropogenic pollution from an isolated metropolis on particle number concentration over the preindustrial-like Amazon rainforest through various new-particle formation (NPF) mechanisms and primary particle emissions. To represent organic-mediated NPF, we employ a state-of-the-art model that systematically simulates the formation chemistry and thermodynamics of extremely low volatility organic compounds as well as their roles in NPF processes, and further update the model to improve organic NPF simulations under human-influenced conditions. Results show that urban pollution from the metropolis increases particle number concentration by a factor of 5–25 over the downwind region (within 200 km from city center) compared to background conditions. Overall, our model indicates that NPF contributes over 70% of the total particle number in the downwind region except immediately adjacent to the sources. Among different NPF mechanisms, the ternary NPF involving organics and sulfuric acid overwhelmingly dominates. The improved understanding of particle formation mechanisms will help better quantify anthropogenic aerosol forcing from pristine-preindustrial times to present day.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Coupling of high-resolution mass spectrometer and photosynthesis system for comprehensive leaf volatile metabolite profiling

Background Leaf-level biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions represent a major source of organic gases in the atmosphere, influencing both climate and air quality. These emissions are strongly driven by environmental perturbations, which affect individual plant- to ecosystem-level processes. Uncovering all the BVOCs and understanding how their emissions respond to altered environmental conditions provide critical insights into vegetation-driven changes in atmospheric chemistry. We developed a tandem instrumentation setup that integrates a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) with parts-per-trillion detection limits and a photosynthetic infrared gas exchange system for the untargeted survey of all the BVOCs. This novel system enables simultaneous, real-time monitoring of BVOC emissions and photosynthetic parameters at the leaf level, offering new opportunities to disentangle the physiological and environmental drivers of VOC release. Furthermore, we established the VOC Analysis and Processing Optimization Resource (VAPOR), an open-access software tool designed for rapid data post-processing and the analysis of the variability of hundreds of BVOCs. We assessed the performance of the tandem system under varying background conditions, using standard gas mixtures and a range of environmental factors. Results Blank emissions were substantially lower for major BVOCs (e.g., isoprene) compared to those observed in plant emissions. Despite this, the observation of background-level VOCs highlights the importance of routinely acquiring and accounting for blank measurements in analyses using the coupled instrumentation. Introduction of known VOC concentrations to the system demonstrated a linear response across different compounds with varying molecular compositions, indicating minimal gas loss regardless of chemical moieties within the coupled instrumentation. We applied the optimized system to investigate the physiological mechanisms driving BVOC emissions across different genotypes of poplar and pennycress. The high mass resolution capabilities of the PTR-ToF-MS, coupled with comprehensive VAPOR-driven data analysis, enabled the identification of several important BVOCs, including methanol and methanethiol; these BVOCs displayed substantial variation across pennycress genotypes and showed concentrations ~ 100–350% higher than the blank. Moreover, isoprene emissions varied significantly among poplar genotypes grown in different potting media. Conclusions Tandem instrumentation offers a powerful tool for profiling volatile molecular markers and elucidating their genetic and environmental underpinnings. This approach enhances our ability to predict BVOC emissions in response to genotype by environmental interactions and contributes to a deeper understanding of vegetation responses to environmental changes.

Biogenic volatile organic compounds↗
NASA NTRS2024

Assessing Acetone for the GISS ModelE2.1 Earth System Model

Acetone is an abundant volatile organic compound (VOC) in the atmosphere, with important influences on ozone and oxidation capacity. Direct sources include chemical production from other VOCs and anthropogenic emissions, terrestrial vegetation, biomass-burning emissions, and ocean production. Sinks include chemical loss, deposition onto the land surface, and ocean uptake. Acetone also has a lifetime that is long enough to allow transport and reactions with other compounds remote from its sources. The NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Earth system model ModelE2.1 simulates a variety of Earth system interactions. Previously, acetone had a very simplistic representation in the ModelE chemical scheme. This study assesses a more sophisticated acetone scheme in which acetone is a full 3-dimensional tracer with explicit sources, sinks, and atmospheric transport. We first evaluate the new global acetone budget in the context of past literature. Estimated source and sink fluxes fall within the range of previous models, although total atmospheric burden and lifetime are at the lower end of the published literature. Acetone's new representation in ModelE2.1 also results in more realistic spatial and vertical distributions, which we compare against previous models and field observations. The seasonality of acetone-related processes was also studied in conjunction with field measurements, and these comparisons show promising agreement but also shortcomings at high-emission urban locations, where the model's resolution is too coarse to capture the true behavior. Finally, we conduct a variety of sensitivity studies that explore the influence of key parameters on the acetone budget and its global distribution. An impactful finding is that the production of acetone from precursor hydrocarbon oxidation has strong leverage on the overall chemical source, indicating the importance of accurate molar yields. Overall, our implementation is one that corroborates with previous studies and marks a significant improvement in the development of the acetone tracer in GISS ModelE2.1.

Acetone↗
DOE OSTI2025

Advances in Desiccant Wheels for Dehumidification, VOC Mitigation, and CO 2 Removal for Energy-Efficient IAQ Management

Humidity control is pivotal to maintain occupant thermal comfort and suppress mold growth in indoor environments. Furthermore, poor indoor air quality (IAQ) due to the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and high concentrations (>1,000 ppm) of CO 2 can cause health issues and negatively affect cognitive performance. Therefore, providing high-quality indoor air has gained significant attention over the past decade. Conventional cooling coil and filter-based HVAC systems have limited capability to meet the augmented demand for occupant thermal comfort and high indoor air quality. Moreover, modern buildings are increasingly airtight to save energy, and increasing ventilation to mitigate VOC and CO 2 concentration is discouraged. Separate sensible and latent cooling technology using a rotary desiccant wheel presents a promising solution in this respect. Because of the development of desiccant materials with high water vapor, VOC, and CO 2 uptake, desiccant wheels can be used as an integrated technology option for IAQ management. Here, to promote desiccant wheel use for energy-efficient management of IAQ in buildings, this article reviews recent advancements in using desiccant wheels for dehumidification, VOC mitigation, and CO 2 capture from outdoor air. Finally, the article presents the authors’ perspective by summarizing the key research gaps in the field and discussing the future direction of research to address these gaps from two different aspects, namely, suitable adsorbent material development and desiccant wheel design.

CO2 capture↗
DOE OSTI2023

Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Variant Using Non-Invasive Hand Odor Analysis: A Pilot Study

The adaptable nature of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the emergence of multiple viral variants of concern. This research builds upon a previous demonstration of sampling human hand odor to distinguish SARS-CoV-2 infection status in order to incorporate considerations of the disease variants. This study demonstrates the ability of human odor expression to be implemented as a non-invasive medium for the differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were extracted from SARS-CoV-2-positive samples using solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) modeling revealed that supervised machine learning could be used to predict the variant identity of a sample using VOC expression alone. The class discrimination of Delta and Omicron BA.5 variant samples was performed with 95.2% (±0.4) accuracy. Omicron BA.2 and Omicron BA.5 variants were correctly classified with 78.5% (±0.8) accuracy. Lastly, Delta and Omicron BA.2 samples were assigned with 71.2% (±1.0) accuracy. This work builds upon the framework of non-invasive techniques producing diagnostics through the analysis of human odor expression, all in support of public health monitoring.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Revealing Molecular Mechanisms in Hierarchical Nanoporous Carbon via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Hierarchical nanoporous carbons (HNC) have been proven to be an effective adsorbent for the adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and CO 2 . However, questions remain regarding the hierarchical structure regulation, the adsorption mechanisms of adsorbate uptake, and interactions within the HNC. Here, we synthesize HNC from wood, using a microwave-induced heating method incorporating K 2 CO 3 activation. Our HNC exhibit Murray's law multiscale structures, prompting a molecular-scale study of adsorbate adsorption via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). NMR chemical shifts are consistent with ring-current effects from the adsorbent. Our NMR technique provides a convenient way to quantitate adsorption of adsorbate in HNC. VOC vapor adsorption results show NMR chemical-shift changes with time, suggesting initial adsorption into mesopores, followed by diffusion into micropores. Schroeder's paradox is demonstrated by differences in observed shifts for adsorbed liquid vis-à-vis vapor phase in these HNC. These HNC show high CO 2 adsorption capacity, portending applications to carbon capture.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Mapping Structure and Rheology of pH-Responsive Resins for Low-VOC Coatings

In recent years, the paint and coatings industry has shifted away from traditional resin formulations that require high concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to achieve the desired rheological performance and sustainability targets. One approach to eliminate or reduce VOCs in paint and coating formulations while maintaining the final performance is to disperse stimuli-responsive polymer latex particles in water. The chemistry and architecture of these particles have been engineered such that the suspension rheology changes in response to the pH changes. The particles can also be swollen with organic solvents to illicit similar rheological changes. To understand how the particle microstructure influences the observed macroscopic properties, we use small-angle neutron scattering and dynamic light scattering to determine that these particles consist of a cross-linked core with long polymer tails that extend into the dispersing medium. Carboxylic acid groups present on the tails deprotonate with increasing pH, and the extension of the polymer chain due to charge repulsion increases the hydrodynamic drag on the particle. Here we find that adjusting the pH alone has a much more significant effect on the shear dependence of the viscosity of the studied resin than adding organic solvent alone. We also find that this resin architecture is more responsive per mole of pH-responsive group than other architectures of pH-responsive latex particles in the literature.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Bioindicator “fingerprints” of methane-emitting thermokarst features in Alaskan soils

Permafrost thaw increases the bioavailability of ancient organic matter, facilitating microbial metabolism of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide, and methane (CH 4 ). The formation of thermokarst (thaw) lakes in icy, organic-rich Yedoma permafrost leads to high CH 4 emissions, and subsurface microbes that have the potential to be biogeochemical drivers of organic carbon turnover in these systems. However, to better characterize and quantify rates of permafrost changes, methods that further clarify the relationship between subsurface biogeochemical processes and microbial dynamics are needed. In this study, we investigated four sites (two well-drained thermokarst mounds, a drained thermokarst lake, and the terrestrial margin of a recently formed thermokarst lake) to determine whether biogenic VOCs (1) can be effectively collected during winter, and (2) whether winter sampling provides more biologically significant VOCs correlated with subsurface microbial metabolic potential. During the cold season (March 2023), we drilled boreholes at the four sites and collected cores to simultaneously characterize microbial populations and captured VOCs. VOC analysis of these sites revealed “fingerprints” that were distinct and unique to each site. Total VOCs from the boreholes included > 400 unique VOC features, including > 40 potentially biogenic VOCs related to microbial metabolism. Subsurface microbial community composition was distinct across sites; for example, methanogenic archaea were far more abundant at the thermokarst site characterized by high annual CH 4 emissions. The results obtained from this method strongly suggest that ∼10% of VOCs are potentially biogenic, and that biogenic VOCs can be mapped to subsurface microbial metabolisms. By better revealing the relationship between subsurface biogeochemical processes and microbial dynamics, this work advances our ability to monitor and predict subsurface carbon turnover in Arctic soils.

anaerobic degradation↗
NASA NTRS1992

The development and testing of a volatile organics concentrator for use in monitoring Space Station water quality

The Volatile Organics Concentrator (VOC) system, designed to attach to a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) for the analyses of volatile organic compounds in water on Space Station Freedom, is described. Organic volatiles are collected and concentrated in the VOC by means of two primary solid sorbent tubes and desorbed into the GC/MS system. The paper describes the results of testing the VOC breadboard using a GC/MS system. Evaluations performed on 39 organic compounds recovered from water samples were compared with data for these compounds using direct injection/GC/MS and purge and trap/GC/MS procedures. The results demonstrate that the VOC/GC/MS system's detection limits for the 39 compounds analyzed are comparable to those of the EPA Method 524.2, and for many compounds reaching a factor of 5 lower.

Bodek, Itamar↗
DOE OSTI2020

Soil Sample Plan in Support of the Site 300 Explosives Waste Treatment Facility Ecological Risk Assessment Pursuant to the Hazardous Waste Facility Permit, Part V, Special Condition #14 a-f. August 2020

The Department of Toxic Substances Control issued the Final Hazardous Waste Facility Permit to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Site 300 in 2017. As part of the continual process to ensure waste treatment emissions are not impacting ecological receptors, LLNL analyzed soil samples in the vicinity of the Explosive Waste Treatment Facility (EWTF) Burn Units (i.e., Burn Cage and Burn Pan) and the Detonation Pad. Soil samples were analyzed by EPA Solid Waste 846 Methods for furans, explosives, metals, and semivolatile compounds. In all samples, furans, explosives, and semi-volatile organic compounds were not detected. Metals were detected at concentrations below background levels. This soil sample plan will sample the same four downwind areas of the Burn Units and the same downwind areas of the Detonation, as well as including four new sample locations. The four new locations will be located to the northeast and southwest of the Burn Units and Detonation (as shown in Figure 3). The constituents to be analyzed are in Tables 2 and 3. Perchlorate was not identified as a constituent of concern in the 2007 Soil Sampling Plan. However, for this plan, all soil samples will be analyzed for perchlorate. After completion of the sampling event, a soil sample report will be submitted to DTSC in accordance with requirements specified in the Hazardous Waste Facility Permit, Part V, Special Conditions 16 a-f. This proposed soil sampling plan will be fully implemented no later than one year after receiving DTSC approval, in accordance with the Hazardous Waste Facility Permit, Part V, Special Condition 15.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Soil Sample Workplan in Support of the Site 300 Explosives Waste Treatment Facility Ecological Risk Assessment Pursuant to the Hazardous Waste Facility Permit (Part V, Special Condition #14 a-f)

The Department of Toxic Substances Control issued the Final Hazardous Waste Facility Permit to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Site 300 in 2017. As part of the continual process to ensure waste treatment emissions are not impacting ecological receptors, LLNL analyzed soil samples in the vicinity of the Explosive Waste Treatment Facility (EWTF) Burn Units (i.e., Burn Cage and Burn Pan) and the Detonation Pad. Soil samples were analyzed by EPA Solid Waste 846 Methods for furans, explosives, metals, and semi-volatile compounds. In all samples, furans, explosives, and semi-volatile organic compounds were not detected. Metals were detected at concentrations below background levels. This soil sample plan will sample the same four downwind areas of the Burn Units and the same downwind areas of the Detonation, as well as including four new sample locations. The four new locations will be located to the northeast and southwest of the Burn Units and Detonation (as shown in Figure 3). The constituents to be analyzed are in Tables 7 and 8. Perchlorate was not identified as a constituent of concern in the 2007 Soil Sampling Plan. However, for this plan, all soil samples will be analyzed for perchlorate. Nitrate and all CAM17 metals have been added to the sampling plan to comply with DTSC comments received in correspondence dated June 4, 2021. After completion of the sampling event, a soil sample report will be submitted to DTSC in accordance with requirements specified in the Hazardous Waste Facility Permit, Part V, Special Conditions 16 a-f. This proposed soil sampling plan will be fully implemented no later than one year after receiving DTSC approval, in accordance with the Hazardous Waste Facility Permit, Part V, Special Condition 15.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗