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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,621 records · Page 90
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Ball-on-ring test validation for equibiaxial flexural strength testing of engineered ceramics

The validation of a ball-on-ring, equibiaxial flexural strength method to obtain the transverse rupture strength (TRS) of right cylindrical ceramic specimens was performed in this study. Validation of the test method was achieved using commercially available engineered high purity alumina disks and finite element (FE) model analysis. The validated fixture was then used to obtain the TRS and Weibull statistical analysis of MgO-partially stabilized zirconia (MSZ) and Y 2 O 3 -partially stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramic disks. TRS data for alumina, MSZ, and YSZ agreed with the TRS values reported in the literature. A statistically relevant number of samples (N > 30) for each material were tested to allow for a Weibull statistical analysis. Weibull parameters for these materials were within the expected values for engineered ceramics. The characteristic strength for alumina, MSZ, and YSZ were determined to be 289, 786, and 814 MPa, respectively. The Weibull modulus was determined between 10 and 25 for each material, which is typical of engineered ceramics. In addition, FE model results were in close agreement with experimental fracture values for the three ceramic materials tested in this study.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Multiobjective Constrained Symbolic Regression for Predictive Modeling of Material Creep Behavior

When creep testing is repeated on samples of the same alloy under the same parametric conditions (i.e., stress and temperature), the resulting strain/time curves can vary from each other considerably as shown in Figure 1 [1]. The time required to creep test a material to rupture can extend to the order of years. Because of this, a numerical model that can quickly analyze the incomplete results of an ongoing experiment to predict 1) the incomplete portion of the strain/time curve leading up to the rupture point and 2) the rupture point itself would be of great utility to the materials community. Such a model has the potential to save 1) the time required to finish running the experiment to rupture 2) the associated monetary cost of finishing said experiment. Furthermore, it would be advantageous if the predictive model could give a parametric function modeling strain/time curves for material scientists to investigate the impact of the temperature and stress parameters on the resulting creep behavior. This work introduces a piecewise symbolic regression algorithm to predict the remainder of the strain/time curve. Preliminary results show good model performance.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Combinatorial Approach to Testing and Characterization of Irradiated Fuels and Materials

•Combinatorial approaches to testing and characterization of materials is a very powerful tool to help explore some fundamentals of materials science.? •Three topics will be explored to help illustrate this:? •A fitness-for-service assessment of a CANDU component (this is work from my past)? •The use of small-scale mechanical testing of Cr-coated ATF cladding in support of qualification (this is work developed upon joining INL)? •A multi-scale characterization approach of TRISO fuel to investigate fission gas migration and microstructural features (this is work I now get to participate in on joining MFC)? •?

36 - MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1994

Non-aqueous cleaning solvent substitution

A variety of environmental, safety, and health concerns exist over use of chlorinated and fluorinated cleaning solvents. Sandia National Laboratories, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, and the Kansas City Division of AlliedSignal have combined efforts to focus on finding alternative cleaning solvents and processes which are effective, environmentally safe, and compliant with local, state, and federal regulations. An alternative solvent has been identified, qualified, and implemented into production of complex electronic assemblies, where aqueous and semi-aqueous cleaning processes are not allowed. Extensive compatibility studies were performed with components, piece-parts, and materials. Electrical testing and accelerated aging were used to screen for detrimental, long-term effects. A terpene, d-limonene, was selected as the solvent of choice, and it was found to be compatible with the components and materials tested. A brief history of the overall project will be presented, along with representative cleaning efficiency results, compatibility results, and residual solvent data. The electronics industry is constantly searching for proven methods and environmentally-safe materials to use in manufacturing processes. The information in this presentation will provide another option to consider on future projects for applications requiring high levels of quality, reliability, and cleanliness from non-aqueous cleaning processes.

Meier, Gerald J.↗
NASA NTRS2020

Impact Testing of Inconel 718 for Material Impact Model Development

One of the difficulties with developing and verifying accurate impact models is that parameters such as high strain-rate material properties, failure modes, static properties, and impact test measurements are often obtained from a variety of different sources using different materials, with little control over consistency among the different sources. In addition, there is often a lack of quantitative measurements in impact tests to which the models can be compared. To alleviate some of these problems, a project is underway to develop a consistent set of material property, impact test data, and failure analysis for a variety of aircraft materials that can be used to develop improved impact failure and deformation models. This project is jointly funded by the NASA Glenn Research Center and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) William J. Hughes Technical Center. Unique features of this set of data are that all material property and impact test data are obtained using traceable material, the test methods and procedures are extensively documented, and all of the raw data is available. Four parallel efforts are currently underway. The Ohio State University conducts both measurement of material deformation and failure response over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures and failure analysis of material property specimens and impact test articles. The George Mason University conducts the development of improved numerical modeling techniques for deformation and failure. Glenn conducts the impact testing of flat panels and substructures. This report describes impact testing performed on Inconel 718 sheet and plate samples of different thicknesses with different types of projectiles, one a regular cylinder and one with a more complex geometry incorporating features representative of a jet engine fan blade. Data from this testing will be used in validating material models developed under this program. The material tests and the material models developed in this program will be published in separate reports.

J Michael Pereira↗
NASA NTRS1998

Results of Two-Stage Light-Gas Gun Development Efforts and Hypervelocity Impact Tests of Advanced Thermal Protection Materials

Gun development efforts to increase the launching capabilities of the NASA Ames 0.5-inch two-stage light-gas gun have been investigated. A gun performance simulation code was used to guide initial parametric variations and hardware modifications, in order to increase the projectile impact velocity capability to 8 km/s, while maintaining acceptable levels of gun barrel erosion and gun component stresses. Concurrent with this facility development effort, a hypervelocity impact testing series in support of the X-33/RLV program was performed in collaboration with Rockwell International. Specifically, advanced thermal protection system materials were impacted with aluminum spheres to simulate impacts with on-orbit space debris. Materials tested included AETB-8, AETB-12, AETB-20, and SIRCA-25 tiles, tailorable advanced blanket insulation (TABI), and high temperature AFRSI (HTA). The ballistic limit for several Thermal Protection System (TPS) configurations was investigated to determine particle sizes which cause threshold TPS/structure penetration. Crater depth in tiles was measured as a function of impact particle size. The relationship between coating type and crater morphology was also explored. Data obtained during this test series was used to perform a preliminary analysis of the risks to a typical orbital vehicle from the meteoroid and space debris environment.

Cornelison, C. J.↗
DOE OSTI2015

Design and Laboratory Evaluation of Future Elongation and Diameter Measurements at the Advanced Test Reactor

New materials are being considered for fuel, cladding, and structures in next generation and existing nuclear reactors. Such materials can undergo significant dimensional and physical changes during high temperature irradiations. In order to accurately predict these changes, real-time data must be obtained under prototypic irradiation conditions for model development and validation. To provide such data, researchers at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) High Temperature Test Laboratory (HTTL) are developing several instrumented test rigs to obtain data real-time from specimens irradiated in well-controlled pressurized water reactor (PWR) coolant conditions in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). This paper reports the status of INL efforts to develop and evaluate prototype test rigs that rely on Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs) in laboratory settings. Although similar LVDT-based test rigs have been deployed in lower flux Materials Testing Reactors (MTRs), this effort is unique because it relies on robust LVDTs that can withstand higher temperatures and higher fluxes than often found in other MTR irradiations. Specifically, the test rigs are designed for detecting changes in length and diameter of specimens irradiated in ATR PWR loops. Once implemented, these test rigs will provide ATR users with unique capabilities that are sorely needed to obtain measurements such as elongation caused by thermal expansion and/or creep loading and diameter changes associated with fuel and cladding swelling, pellet-clad interaction, and crud buildup.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2015

Ultraviolet Radiation Round-Robin Testing of Various Backsheets for Photovoltaic Modules

Durability testing of materials exposed to natural weathering requires testing of the ultraviolet (UV) stability, especially for polymeric materials. The type approval testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules according to standards IEC 61215 and IEC 61646, which includes a so-called UV preconditioning test with a total UV dose of 15 kWh/m2, does not correspond to the real loads during lifetime. Between 3%-10% of the UV radiation has to be in the spectral range between 280 and 320 nm (UV-B) in the recent editions of the standards. However, the spectral distribution of the radiation source is very important because different samples show very individual spectral sensitivity for the radiation offered. Less than 6% of the intensity of solar radiation exists in the UV range. In the case of an increase of the intensity of the light source for accelerating the UV test, overheating of the samples would have to be prevented more rigorously and the temperature of the samples have to be measured to avoid misinterpretation of the test results.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Wafer Test Cavity - Linking Surface Microstructure to RF Performance: a ‘Short-­Sample Test Facility’ for characterizing superconducting materials for SRF cavities

The Wafer Test cavity was designed to create a short sample test system to determine the properties of the superconducting materials and S-I-S hetero-structures. The project, funded by ARRA, was successful in accomplishing several goals to achieving a high gradient test system for SRF research and development. The project led to the design and construction of the two unique cavities that each severed unique purposes: the Wafer test Cavity and the Sapphire Test cavity. The Sapphire Cavity was constructed first to determine the properties of large single crystal sapphires in an SRF environment. The data obtained from the cavity greatly altered the design of the Wafer Cavity and provided the necessary information to ascertain the Wafer Test cavity’s performance.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Advanced Turbomachinery Components for Supercritical CO 2 Power Cycles

Six indirectly heated supercritical CO 2 (SCO 2 ) Brayton cycles with turbine inlet conditions of 1300°F and 4000 psia with varying plant capacities from 10MWe to 550MWe were analyzed. 550 MWe plant capacity directly heated SCO 2 Brayton cycles with turbine inlet conditions of 2500°F and 4000 psia were also analyzed. Turbomachinery configurations and conceptual designs for both indirectly and directly heated cycles were developed. Optimum turbomachinery and generator configurations were selected and the resulting analysis provides validation that the turbomachinery conceptual designs meet efficiency performance targets. Previously identified technology gaps were updated based on these conceptual designs. Material compatibility testing was conducted for materials typically used in turbomachinery housings, turbine disks and blades. Testing was completed for samples in unstressed and stressed conditions. All samples exposed to SCO 2 showed some oxidation, the extent of which varied considerably between the alloys tested. Examination of cross sections of the stressed samples found no evidence of cracking due to SCO 2 exposure.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2010

ALTERNATE MATERIALS IN DESIGN OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL PACKAGES

This paper presents a summary of design and testing of material and composites for use in radioactive material packages. These materials provide thermal protection and provide structural integrity and energy absorption to the package during normal and hypothetical accident condition events as required by Title 10 Part 71 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Testing of packages comprising these materials is summarized.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2011

Materials and Nondestructive Evaluation Laboratoriers: User Test Planning Guide

The Materials and Nondestructive Evaluation Laboratory process, milestones and inputs are unknowns to first-time users. The Materials and Nondestructive Evaluation Laboratory Planning Guide aids in establishing expectations for both NASA and non- NASA facility customers. The potential audience for this guide includes both internal and commercial spaceflight hardware developers. It is intended to assist their project engineering personnel in materials analysis planning and execution. Material covered includes a roadmap of the analysis process, roles and responsibilities of facility and user, major milestones, facility capabilities, and inputs required by the facility. Samples of deliverables, products, and inputs necessary to define scope of analysis, cost, and schedule are included as an appendix to the guide.

Schaschl, Leslie↗
NASA NTRS1998

Atmospheric Probe Model: Construction and Wind Tunnel Tests

The material contained in this document represents a summary of the results of a low speed wind tunnel test program to determine the performance of an atmospheric probe at low speed. The probe configuration tested consists of a 2/3 scale model constructed from a combination of hard maple wood and aluminum stock. The model design includes approximately 130 surface static pressure taps. Additional hardware incorporated in the baseline model provides a mechanism for simulating external and internal trailing edge split flaps for probe flow control. Test matrix parameters include probe side slip angle, external/internal split flap deflection angle, and trip strip applications. Test output database includes surface pressure distributions on both inner and outer annular wings and probe center line velocity distributions from forward probe to aft probe locations.

Vogel, Jerald M.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Hazard Assessment of Personal Protective Clothing for Hydrogen Peroxide Service

Selection of personal protective equipment (PPE) for hydrogen peroxide service is an important part of the hazard assessment process. But because drip testing of chemical protective clothing for hydrogen peroxide service has not been reported for about 40 years, it is of great interest to test new protective clothing materials with new, high-concentration hydrogen peroxide following similar procedures. The suitability of PPE for hydrogen peroxide service is in part determined by observations made when hydrogen peroxide is dripped onto swatches of protective clothing material. Protective clothing material was tested as received, in soiled condition, and in grossly soiled condition. Materials were soiled by pretreating the material with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution then drying to promote a reaction. Materials were grossly soiled with solid KMnO4 to greatly promote reaction. Observations of results including visual changes to the hydrogen peroxide and materials, times to ignition, and self-extinguishing characteristics of the materials are reported.

Greene, Ben↗
NASA NTRS2019

Evaluation of an Alternate Method for Determining Yield Strength Offset Values for Selective Laser Sintered Polymeric Materials

Due to the unique characteristics of Additively Manufactured (AM) polymeric materials, typical mechanical strength characterization methods such as those commonly used for traditionally-processed polymers or composite materials can produce results that do not accurately represent material capabilities. In order to characterize mechanical properties of these materials, new test and analysis methods are required. As part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Composites Project (ACP), Boeing has evaluated true yield testing as an alternative or complimentary test to 0.2% offset yield testing for determining appropriate yield strength values of polymer materials. Previous testing has shown high strain, low modulus polymer materials such as selective laser sintered (SLS) Nylon 11 at elevated temperatures produce large variations in yield strength. The true yield test method was successful in finding the applied strain level when yield commences and appears to offer an increase in data robustness.

Henry, Chelsey↗
NASA NTRS1986

The role of fiber and matrix in crash energy absorption of composite materials

Static crushing tests were conducted on tube specimens fabricated from graphite/epoxy, Kevlar/epoxy and hybrid combinations of graphite-Kevlar/epoxy to examine the influence the fiber and matrix constitutive properties and laminate architecture have on energy absorption. Fiber and matrix ultimate failure strain were determined to significantly effect energy absorption. The energy absorption capability of high ultimate failure strain materials (AS-6/F185 and AS-6/HST-7) was less than materials having lower ultimate failure strain. Lamina stacking sequence had up to a 300 percent change in energy absorption for the materials tested. Hybridizing with graphite and Kevlar reinforcements resulted in materials with high energy absorption capabilities that have postcrushing integrity.

Farley, G. L.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Affinity of LDR Organics to Cementitious Materials: Sorption and Leaching Tests

SRNL is working to identify and test the physiochemical interactions of organic contaminants of potential concern with minerals in grout/cementitious materials. Organic species may interact with cementitious minerals including slag, fly ash, cement, and other components/dopants like carbon in fly ash. The identification of such interactions will support the solidification process design, performance assessments for the chemicals of concern, and a proposed Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) treatment variance specified for the Land Disposal Restriction (LDR) organics associated with Hanford tank waste. Inably expected to be present LDR organics associated with Hanford tank waste (RPP-RPT-63493, Rev 1a) was screened by functional groups, octanol-water partitioning coefficients, and detection frequency in Hanford tank waste samples. A subset of 10 compounds, spanning the identified properties, were tested using sorption and leachate tests. These compounds were subjected to traditional batch sorption tests and leaching tests on/from Cast Stone cementitious material with and without activated carbon (a potential organic adsorption additive). The interactions between organic compounds were observed in traditional batch sorption and modified Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) leachate tests for a surrogate Cast Stone material with and without an activated carbon addition. Specifically, phthalic acids (negatively charged) and 4-chloroaniline (polar) sorbed strongly to unmodified Cast Stone and a group of 3 phenolic compounds (2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, Pentachlorophenol, o-Cresol) were sorbed to and were retained by Cast Stone with a 1% activated carbon amendment.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗