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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,639 records · Page 91
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

PcapDB: Search Optimized Packet Capture, Version 0.1.0.0

PcapDB is a packet capture system designed to optimize the captured data for fast search in the typical (network incident response) use case. The technology involved in this software has been submitted via the IDEAS system and has been filed as a provisional patent. It includes the following primary components: capture: The capture component utilizes existing capture libraries to retrieve packets from network interfaces. Once retrieved the packets are passed to additional threads for sorting into flows and indexing. The sorted flows and indexes are passed to other threads so that they can be written to disk. These components are written in the C programming language. search: The search components provide a means to find relevant flows and the associated packets. A search query is parsed and represented as a search tree. Various search commands, written in C, are then used resolve this tree into a set of search results. The tree generation and search execution management components are written in python. interface: The PcapDB web interface is written in Python on the Django framework. It provides a series of pages, API's, and asynchronous tasks that allow the user to manage the capture system, perform searches, and retrieve results. Web page components are written in HTML,CSS and Javascript.

Ferrell, Paul↗
DOE OSTI2019

Multi–LDAP Dynamic User Management Tool Utilizing Oracle Application Express and PL/SQL

A Center for Infrastructure Security Analysis (CISA) client system required support of multiple Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) directories for multiple, varied user communities. The LDAP directories were all based upon different technologies, i.e., Microsoft Active Directory (AD), Microsoft Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (ADLDS), and Oracle Internet Directory (OID), depending on system setup, security requirements, and legacy software. Research revealed that PL/SQL provided the capability to execute dynamic PL/SQL and SQL blocks. The dynamic capabilities were utilized along with several configuration tables to provide an object-oriented, polymorphic-like behavior. This architecture was chosen so that a top-level application programming interface (API) could be defined for all calls, no matter what type of LDAP was being manipulated, as each LDAP type has slightly different attributes and requirements. The dynamic nature of the user management system allowed for easy setup and utilization of any new LDAP directories, minimizing the time and effort expended on system changes.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2015

Bus.py: A GridLAB-D Communication Interface for Smart Distribution Grid Simulations

As more Smart Grid technologies (e.g., distributed photovoltaic, spatially distributed electric vehicle charging) are integrated into distribution grids, static distribution simulations are no longer sufficient for performing modeling and analysis. GridLAB-D is an agent-based distribution system simulation environment that allows fine-grained end-user models, including geospatial and network topology detail. A problem exists in that, without outside intervention, once the GridLAB-D simulation begins execution, it will run to completion without allowing the real-time interaction of Smart Grid controls, such as home energy management systems and aggregator control. We address this lack of runtime interaction by designing a flexible communication interface, Bus.py (pronounced bus-dot-pie), that uses Python to pass messages between one or more GridLAB-D instances and a Smart Grid simulator. This work describes the design and implementation of Bus.py, discusses its usefulness in terms of some Smart Grid scenarios, and provides an example of an aggregator-based residential demand response system interacting with GridLAB-D through Bus.py. The small scale example demonstrates the validity of the interface and shows that an aggregator using said interface is able to control residential loads in GridLAB-D during runtime to cause a reduction in the peak load on the distribution system in (a) peak reduction and (b) time-of-use pricing cases.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2025

eDNAjoint: An R package for interpreting paired or semi‐paired environmental DNA and traditional survey data in a Bayesian framework

Abstract Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling is increasingly used in surveys of species distribution as a potentially sensitive and efficient monitoring method. Yet access to modelling tools designed specifically for interpreting this new data type lags behind its ubiquity. While occupancy modelling software has dominated the analytical landscape for eDNA data analysis of single species, this type of model may not always be the most appropriate. The rate of eDNA detection often corresponds to species density, rather than just occupancy, and researchers often have access to observations from non‐genetic sampling methods at the same sites. To provide users access to a modelling framework designed to maximize the use of all available data, we developed an R package, eDNAjoint . The package provides an easy‐to‐use interface for fitting a ‘joint’ model that integrates data from paired or semi‐paired eDNA and traditional surveys in a Bayesian framework. The model can be used to estimate parameters like the probability of a false positive eDNA detection and mean catch rate at a site, and the package allows access to multiple model variations and Bayesian prior customization. Additional functionality can be used for model selection, summarising posteriors and comparing the relative sensitivities of the two survey methods. We demonstrate the use of eDNAjoint by fitting a variation of the model with site‐level covariates that scale the sensitivity of eDNA sampling relative to traditional sampling. The example workflow uses binary eDNA and seine count data for the endangered tidewater goby ( Eucyclogobius newberryi ) from a study by Schmelzle and Kinziger (2016). This use case includes a prior sensitivity analysis and an evaluation of the relationship between detection rates and environmental variables. eDNAjoint has the potential to greatly increase the range of users who will be able to rigorously analyse eDNA and traditional survey data in a Bayesian framework, understand if and how eDNA can improve monitoring practices, and gain confidence in the interpretability of eDNA data.

Keller, Abigail G. [Department of Environment Scie↗
DOE OSTI2019

dCache - Joining the noWORM Storage Club

For over a decade, dCache.ORG has provided robust software, called dCache, that is used at more than 80 universities and research institutes around the world, allowing these sites to provide reliable storage services for the WLCG experiments and many other scientific communities. The flexible architecture of dCache allows running it in a wide variety of configurations and platforms - from all-in-one Raspberry-Pi up to hundreds of nodes in multi-petabyte infrastructures. The life cycle of scientific data is well defined - collected, processed, archived and finally deleted, when it’s not needed anymore. Moreover, during all those stages the data is never modified: either the original data is used, or new derived data is produced. With this knowledge, dCache was designed to handle immutable files as efficiently as possible. Data replication, HSM connectivity and data-server independent operations are only possible due to the immutable nature of stored data. Nowadays many commercial vendors provide such write-once-read-many or WORM storage systems, as they become more and more demanded with grown demand of audio, photo and video content in the web. On the other hand by providing standard NFSv4.1 interface dCache is often used as a general-purpose file-system, especially by new communities, like photon scientists or microbiologists. Although many users are aware of data immutability, some applications and use cases still require in-place updates of stored files. To satisfy new requirements some fundamental changes have to be applied to dCache’s core design. However, new developments must not compromise any aspect of existing functionality. In this presentation we will show new developments in dCache to turn it into a regular file system. We will discuss the challenges to build a distributed storage system, ‘life’ with POSIX compliance, handling of multiple replicas and backward compatibility by providing WORM and noWORM capabilities within the same storage system.

Mkrtchyan, Tigran↗
DOE OSTI2020

Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Augmented Reality Interface (ASMARI)

Industry 4.0 represents the next evolution of industrial technology. Some of the key characteristics of Industry 4.0 include augmented reality and additive manufacturing. In support of this evolution, researchers at Oak Ridge National Lab created a prototype augmented reality (AR) interface, ASMARI. This prototype acts as a common interface for both industrial additive and subtractive machines. Additionally, in the changing industrial workspace of Industry 4.0, the role of humans will also change. This interface focuses on increasing productivity and situational awareness, while providing new interaction modalities for interacting with hardware. The prototype was also evaluated by multiple users who provided positive feedback on the system. Ultimately, the prototype represents a first step towards significant integration between augmented reality and additive manufacturing.

Borish, Michael↗
DOE OSTI2013

Spack: the Supercomputing Package Manager

The HPC software ecosystem is growing larger and more complex, but software distribution mechanisms have not kept up with this trend. Tools, Libraries, and applications need to run on multiple platforms and build with multiple compliers. Increasingly, packages leverage common software components, and building any one component requires building all of its dependencies. In HPC environments, ABI-incompatible interfaces (likeMPI), binary-incompatible compilers, and cross-compiled environments converge to make the build process a combinatoric nightmare. This obstacle deters many users from adopting useful tools, and others waste countless hours building and rebuilding tools. Many package managers exist to solve these problems for typical desktop environments, but none suits the unique needs of supercomputing facilities or users. To address these problems, we have Spack, a package manager that eases the task of managing software for end-users, across multiple platforms, package versions, compilers, and ABI incompatibilities.

ECP↗
DOE OSTI2022

WATTS: Workflow and template toolkit for simulation

Modeling and simulation in many science and engineering domains often involves the execution and/or iteration of a sequence of applications, with data transfer between applications typically required. These applications often do not have a formal application programming interface (API). Instead, executing an application requires first writing a text-based input file, the format of which is typically defined in a user’s manual. While text-based input files are suitable for simple one-off calculations, they can become cumbersome if a user wants to execute the applications multiple times and systematically vary input parameters, especially when a complex workflow is involved. In this case, they must resort to either manually making changes in the input file or developing their own script that modifies the input file and executes the application. Depending on the format of the input file, writing such a script can be a non-trivial and error-prone task.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

MueLu User's Guide

This is the official user guide for MUELU multigrid library in Trilinos version 12.13 (Dev). This guide provides an overview of MUELU, its capabilities, and instructions for new users who want to start using MUELU with a minimum of effort. Detailed information is given on how to drive MUELU through its XML interface. Links to more advanced use cases are given. This guide gives information on how to achieve good parallel performance, as well as how to introduce new algorithms Finally, readers will find a comprehensive listing of available MUELU options. Any options not documented in this manual should be considered strictly experimental.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Chemist: A Domain-Specific Language by Chemists for Chemists

Managing the complexity of quantum chemistry (QC) software is key to ensuring it remains accessible, maintainable, and reusable. Noticeably missing from the QC ecosystem are modules targeting bottleneck routines. Here we argue that this is likely due to the difficulty in defining interfaces for such modules. To that end, we introduce the open-source, publicly available Chemist library https://github.com/NWChemEx/Chemist. Chemist is a domain-specific language targeting the QC domain. Chemist has been developed focusing on performance and user-friendliness. Using Chemist, QC tasks are defined using familiar domain concepts such as molecules, wave functions, and operators. The domain objects are hierarchical to ensure a systematic encapsulation of information. Key features of Chemist include: extensibility, the ability to alias existing data, and the ability to succinctly define many common QC tasks. The usefulness of Chemist is demonstrated by discussing the interface of NWChemEx’s Fock build module and by showcasing a proof-of-concept self-consistent field algorithm containing uncertainty propagation.

Algorithms↗
DOE OSTI2016

OFDM inspired waveforms for 5G

As the standardization activities are being formed to lay the foundation of 5G wireless networks, there is a common consensus on the need to replace the celebrated OFDM by a more effective air interface that better serves the challenging needs of 5G. The main reason that has made OFDM popular in the past is related to the fact that information symbols are carried over a number of pure tones/sinusoidal signals. Moreover, with the use of cyclic prefix (CP), it is assured that the information carrying tones are only affected by the channel (complex) gains at the respective frequencies. Accordingly, the channel effect can be trivially compensated for (equalized) in the frequency domain through a single complex tap per subcarrier. However, as network air interfaces become more complex and the demand for multiuser services grows, OFDM is found to be incapable of handling the inevitable loss of synchronization among users. In the recent past, two novel waveforms (namely, GFDM and C-FBMC) have been discussed in the literature to overcome this and other drawbacks of OFDM. Interestingly, and at the same time not surprising, these methods share a common fundamental property with OFDM: each data packet is made up of a number of tones that are modulated by information symbols. In this tutorial article, we build a common framework based on the said OFDM principle and derive GFDM and C-FBMC waveforms from this point of view. This derivation provides a new prospective that facilitates straightforward understanding of channel equalization and the application of these new waveforms to MIMO channels. As a result, it also facilitates derivation of new structures for more efficient synthesis/analysis of these waveforms than those that have been reported in the literature.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Obtain3D_open

This computer code uses the concept of the parallax to compute the x, y and z coordinates of points found using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), or any transmission imaging technique, using two images, each taken at a different perspective of the region containing the points. Points correspond, but are not limited, to the center of cavities or precipitates, positions of irradiation black dot damage, positions along a dislocation line, or positions along where an interface meets a free surface. Features can include dislocations, interfaces, cavities, precipitates, inclusions etc. The x, y and z coordinates of the points are output in a text file. The code also allows the user to visualize the features containing the points in three dimensions.

Eftink, Benjamin↗
DOE OSTI2020

Status and Availability of OPTD, the Out-of-Pile Transient Database

The DOE Advanced Reactor Technology program has supported knowledge preservation efforts to recover and preserve fuel data from the US sodium cooled fast reactor (SFR) program. Databases have been established containing experimental data generated during the Integral Fast Reactor program (from in-pile experiments at EBR-II, FFTF, and TREAT) and during related outof-pile examinations of EBR-II-irradiated fuels. The information in these databases is essential to support further development and licensing activities for advanced fast reactor designs. OPTD, the Out-of-Pile Transient Database, is an organized, searchable archive of records describing out-ofpile furnace transient tests conducted on metallic fuels. It includes records of over 150 tests on irradiated fuel pins conducted in furnace apparatuses constructed in the Alpha-Gamma Hot Cell Facility at ANL. This report presents the content, functions, and accessibility of the Out-of-Pile Transient Database (OPTD). It describes the information presently available in the database, the web interface created to provide access to this information, the activities undertaken to build OPTD, and the enabling of online access to the database for DOE users. Plans for FY2021 and beyond are also included.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Epi Archive: Automated Synthesis of Global Notifiable Disease Data

ObjectiveLANL has built software that automatically collects global notifiable disease data, synthesizes the data, and makes it available to humans and computers within the Biosurveillance Ecosystem (BSVE) as a novel data stream. These data have many applications including improving the prediction and early warning of disease events.IntroductionMost countries do not report national notifiable disease data in a machine-readable format. Data are often in the form of a file that contains text, tables and graphs summarizing weekly or monthly disease counts. This presents a problem when information is needed for more data intensive approaches to epidemiology, biosurveillance and public health.While most nations likely store incident data in a machine-readable format, governments are often hesitant to share data openly for a variety of reasons that include technical, political, economic, and motivational issues1.A survey conducted by LANL of notifiable disease data reporting in over fifty countries identified only a few websites that report data in a machine-readable format. The majority (>70%) produce reports as PDF files on a regular basis. The bulk of the PDF reports present data in a structured tabular format, while some report in natural language.The structure and format of PDF reports change often; this adds to the complexity of identifying and parsing the desired data. Not all websites publish in English, and it is common to find typos and clerical errors.LANL has developed a tool, Epi Archive, to collect global notifiable disease data automatically and continuously and make it uniform and readily accessible.MethodsWe conducted a survey of the national notifiable disease reporting systems notating how the data are reported and in what formats. We determined the minimal metadata that is required to contextualize incident counts properly, as well as optional metadata that is commonly found.The development of software to regularly ingest notifiable disease data and make it available involves three or four main steps: scraping, detecting, parsing and persisting.Scraping: we examine website design and determine reporting mechanisms for each country/website, as well as what varies across the reporting mechanisms. We then designed and wrote code to automate the downloading of the data for each country. We store all artifacts presented as files (PDF, XLSX, etc.) in their original form, along with appropriate metadata for parsing and data provenance.Detecting: This step is required when parsing structured non-machine-readable data such as tabular data in PDF files. We combined the Nurminen methodology of PDF table detection with in-house heuristics to find the desired data within PDF reports2.Parsing: We determined what to extract from each dataset and parsed these data into uniform data structures, correctly accommodating the variations in metadata (e.g., time interval definitions) and the various human languages.Persisting: We store the data in the Epi Archive database and make it available on the internet and through the BSVE. The data is persisted into a structured and normalized SQL database.ResultsThe Epi Archive tool currently contains national and/or subnational notifiable disease data from twenty nations. When a user accesses the Epi Archive site, they are prompted with four fields: country, subregion, disease of interest, and date duration. Upon form submission, a time series is generated from the users’ specifications. The generated graph can then be downloaded into a CSV file if a user is interested in performing personal analysis. Additionally, the data from Epi Archive can be reached through a REST API (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface).ConclusionsLANL, as part of a currently funded DTRA effort, is automatically and continually collecting global notifiable disease data. While 20 nations are in production, more are being brought online in the near future. These data are already being utilized and will have many applications including improving the prediction and early warning of disease events.References[1] van Panhuis WG, Paul P, Emerson C, et al. A systematic review of barriers to data sharing in public health. BMC Public Health. 2014. 14:1144. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1144[2] Nurminen, Anssi. "Algorithmic extraction of data in tables in PDF documents." (2013).

Khalsa, Hari S.↗
DOE OSTI2013

Oak Ridge Environmental Information System (OREIS) Enhancements - 13109

Significant cleanup has been accomplished on the Oak Ridge (OR) site since it was placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989, and a final evaluation of Zone 1 at the East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP) under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1988 (CERCLA) has been initiated. The Oak Ridge Environmental Information System (OREIS) is the database for storing OR site environmental characterization and monitoring data. Consideration of a final decision under CERCLA prompted several enhancements to OREIS that were designed to provide future users a clear picture of remediation progression across the OR site. The enhancements to OREIS are ongoing and fall into four categories: Geographic Information System Interface; Document Association; Remediation Status; Geo-spatial Data (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Improving Frequency Stability and Minimizing Load Shedding Events by Adopting Grid-Scale Energy Storage with Grid Forming Inverters

The upward adoption trend of renewable generation not only means cleaner energy integrated into modern power grids, but also that most new generation sources are based on front-end inverter bridges, used as interfaces to most wind generation and all the solar PV. It is well known that due to their power electronics-based construction rather than rotational shafts, these sources do not provide inertia inherently, nor substantial amounts of short-circuit currents. However, stable energy such as what can be stored in energy storage systems, although interfaced via inverters, can be controlled to respond to system disturbances in a manner that emulates inertial behavior. This paper focuses on the application of such energy storage systems to augment inertia in the island of Puerto Rico. To do so, a user defined inverter model that contains grid forming capabilities and fast frequency response is modeled and integrated into the real transmission system in power flow and dynamics software. Energy storage is then connected to two selected areas so that it not only provides frequency regulation to avoid widespread load shedding events, but also other tangible benefits. The simulated cases suggest that even relatively small energy storage systems can avert load shedding events if adequately placed in the transmission network.

Grid-forming inverters, IBR, Inertia↗
DOE OSTI2016

Home Energy Scoring Tools (website) and Application Programming Interfaces, APIs (aka HEScore)

A web-based residential energy rating tool with APIs that runs the LBNL website: Provides customized estimates of residential energy use and energy bills based on building description information provided by the user. Energy use is estimated using engineering models developed at LBNL. Space heating and cooling use is based on the DOE-2. 1E building simulation model. Other end-users (water heating, appliances, lighting, and misc. equipment) are based on engineering models developed by LBNL.

Mills, Evan↗