Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Vector Processing”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,639 records · Page 91
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Automatic Determination of the Weak-Beam Condition in Dark Field X-ray Microscopy

Mechanical properties in crystals are strongly correlated to the arrangement of 1D line defects, termed dislocations. Recently, Dark field X-ray Microscopy (DFXM) has emerged as a new tool to image and interpret dislocations within crystals using multidimensional scans. However, the methods required to reconstruct meaningful dislocation information from high-dimensional DFXM scans are still nascent and require significant manual oversight (i.e. supervision). In this work, we present a new relatively unsupervised method that extracts dislocation-specific information (features) from a 3D dataset (x, y, Φ) using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization to represent the large dataset as an array of 3-component feature vectors for each position, corresponding to the weak-beam conditions and the strong-beam condition. Finally, this method offers key opportunities to significantly reduce dataset size while preserving only the crystallographic information that is important for data reconstruction.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Multiresolution classification of turbulence features in image data through machine learning

During large-scale simulations, intermediate data products such as image databases have become popular due to their low relative storage cost and fast in-situ analysis. Serving as a form of data reduction, these image databases have become more acceptable to perform data analysis on. In this work, we present an image-space detection and classification system for extracting vortices at multiple scales through wavelet-based filtering. A custom image-space descriptor is used to encode a large variety of vortex-types and a machine learning system is trained for fast classification of vortex regions. By combining a radial-based histogram descriptor, a bag of visual words feature descriptor, and a support vector machine, our results show that we are able to detect and classify vortex features at various sizes at multiple scales. Once trained, our framework enables the fast extraction of vortices on new, unknown image datasets for flow analysis.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Evolution of the ATLAS event data model for the HL-LHC

The upcoming high-luminosity run of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will yield an unprecedented volume of data. In order to process this data, the ATLAS collaboration is evolving its offline software to be able to use heterogeneous resources such as graphical processing units (GPUs) and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). To reduce conversion overheads, the event data model (EDM) should be compatible with the requirements of these resources. While the ATLAS EDM has long allowed representing data as a structure of arrays, further evolution of the EDM can enable more efficient sharing of data between CPU and GPU resources. Some of this work will be summarized here, including extensions to allow controlling how memory for event data is allocated and the implementation of jagged vectors.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

A low-complexity non-intrusive approach to predict the energy demand of buildings over short-term horizons

Reliable, non-intrusive, short-term (of up to 12 hours ahead) prediction of a building's energy demand is a critical component of intelligent energy management applications. A number of such approaches have been proposed over time, utilizing various statistical and, more recently, machine learning techniques, such as decision trees, neural networks and support vector machines. Importantly, all of these works barely outperform simple seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average models, while their complexity is significantly higher. Here, we propose a novel low-complexity non-intrusive approach that improves the predictive accuracy of the state-of-the-art by up to ~10%. The backbone of our approach is a K-nearest neighbours search method, that exploits the demand pattern of the most similar historical days, and incorporates appropriate time-series pre-processing and easing. In the context of this work, we evaluate our approach against state-of-the-art methods and provide insights on their performance.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2017

2017 Western Passage Tidal Energy Resource Characterization Measurements

These data are from tidal resource characterization measurements collected between April and July 2017 in Western Passage near Eastport, Maine, USA. The dataset contains the following four sub-datasets, each of which is described in more detail in the README.pdf. 1. A bottom-mounted Teledyne RDI Workhorse 600 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was deployed at 44.92015 N, 66.98915 W in ~50 m of water from 3 April to 18 July (106 days). Data were recorded in 6-minute increments in the ENU (East, magnetic North, Up) coordinate system with bin-mapping enabled. 2. A bottom-mounted Nortek Signature 500 kHz ADCP was deployed at 44.92192 N, 66.98913 W in ~50 m of water from 4 April to 18 July (105 days). Data were sampled and recorded at 2 Hz and recorded in the ENU (East, magnetic North, Up) coordinate system. 3. Between those stations along a cross-channel transect, a Stable Tidal Turbulence Mooring (STTM) positioned ~10 m above the seabed was deployed for one week during a spring tide. The STTM was outfitted with two Nortek Vector acoustic Doppler velocimeters equipped with inertial motion units (ADVs), a bottom-tracking downward-looking Teledyne RDI Workhorse 600 kHz ADCP to provide motion-corrected flow and turbulence characteristics at high temporal resolution, and an upward-looking Teledyne RDI Sentinel V20 ADCP. The STTM was deployed at 44.92098 N, 66.98922 W from 24-31 May. 4. A vessel-mounted Teledyne RDI Workhorse 300 kHz ADCP collected current data along three transects over two days, 4-5 April. The data processing used DOLfYN version 0.11.2. All hdf5 files (i.e., files ending in `.h5`) contained here can be opened using that version of DOLfYN (e.g., `dat = dolfyn.load('')`). All distances are in meters (e.g., depth, range, MLLW, hab, eta, z_), and all velocities in m/s. See the DOLfYN documentation https://lkilcher.github.io/dolfyn/), and/or the Nortek and Teledyne RDI documentation for additional details. Additional details on the dataset can be found in the README.pdf, including: - Format details of each data file. - How to regenerate the data-processing (using the files in the `wp2017_processing.zip` archive).

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
NASA NTRS1992

Supervised fully polarimetric classification of the Black Forest test site: From MAESTROI to MAC Europe

A study on the performance of a supervised fully polarimetric maximum likelihood classifier for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data when applied to a specific classification context: forest classification based on age classes and in the presence of a sloping terrain is presented. For the experimental part, the polarimetric AIRSAR data at P, L, and C-band, acquired over the German Black Forest near Freiburg in the frame of the 1989 MAESTRO-1 campaign and the 1991 MAC Europe campaign was used, MAESTRO-1 with an ESA/JRC sponsored campaign, and MAC Europe (Multi-sensor Aircraft Campaign); in both cases the multi-frequency polarimetric JPL Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) radar was flown over a number of European test sites. The study is structured as follows. At first, the general characteristics of the classifier and the dependencies from some parameters, like frequency bands, feature vector, calibration, using test areas lying on a flat terrain are investigated. Once it is determined the optimal conditions for the classifier performance, we then move on to the study of the slope effect. The bulk of this work is performed using the Maestrol data set. Next the classifier performance with the MAC Europe data is considered. The study is divided into two stages: first some of the tests done on the Maestro data are repeated, to highlight the improvements due to the new processing scheme that delivers 16 look data. Second we experiment with multi images classification with two goals: to assess the possibility of using a training set measured from one image to classify areas in different images; and to classify areas on critical slopes using different viewing angles. The main points of the study are listed and some of the results obtained so far are highlighted.

Degrandi, G.↗
NASA NTRS2003

First Results from a Hardware-in-the-Loop Demonstration of Closed-Loop Autonomous Formation Flying

A closed-loop system for the demonstration of autonomous satellite formation flying technologies using hardware-in-the-loop has been developed. Making use of a GPS signal simulator with a dual radio frequency outlet, the system includes two GPS space receivers as well as a powerful onboard navigation processor dedicated to the GPS-based guidance, navigation, and control of a satellite formation in real-time. The closed-loop system allows realistic simulations of autonomous formation flying scenarios, enabling research in the fields of tracking and orbit control strategies for a wide range of applications. The autonomous closed-loop formation acquisition and keeping strategy is based on Lyapunov's direct control method as applied to the standard set of Keplerian elements. This approach not only assures global and asymptotic stability of the control but also maintains valuable physical insight into the applied control vectors. Furthermore, the approach can account for system uncertainties and effectively avoids a computationally expensive solution of the two point boundary problem, which renders the concept particularly attractive for implementation in onboard processors. A guidance law has been developed which strictly separates the relative from the absolute motion, thus avoiding the numerical integration of a target trajectory in the onboard processor. Moreover, upon using precise kinematic relative GPS solutions, a dynamical modeling or filtering is avoided which provides for an efficient implementation of the process on an onboard processor. A sample formation flying scenario has been created aiming at the autonomous transition of a Low Earth Orbit satellite formation from an initial along-track separation of 800 m to a target distance of 100 m. Assuming a low-thrust actuator which may be accommodated on a small satellite, a typical control accuracy of less than 5 m has been achieved which proves the applicability of autonomous formation flying techniques to formations of satellites as close as 50 m.

Gill, E.↗
NASA NTRS2017

Aeolus -A Mission to Study the Thermal and Wind Environment of Mars

Aeolus is a small satellite mission to observe surface and atmospheric forcing and general circulation of Mars, by measuring surface energy balance, atmospheric temperatures, aerosols and clouds, and winds. Critically, Aeolus will make these measurements at all local times of day, providing information on both seasonal and diurnal variability. To date, direct measurements of Martian wind speeds have only been possible at the surface, only during daylight hours, and over small areas limited by rover traverse capabilities. From orbit, thermal measurements (e.g., estimates from assumed geostrophic balance) as well as images of dust storms and dune migration have provided inputs to derive current data sets on Martian winds. However, Mars General Circulation models demonstrate that wind speeds derived from these indirect measurements may be in error by 50 to 100%. For this reason, direct wind velocity measurements have been deemed "High Priority" by MEPAG (Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group); measuring wind speeds and corresponding thermal data is vital to understanding the climate of Mars. Aeolus will carry four Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometers (SHS), coupled to two orthogonal viewing telescopes. These high-resolution near-infrared spectrometers will measure CO2 (daytime absorption) and O2 (day and night emission) lines in the Martian atmosphere. Doppler shifts in these lines can be measured during Martian day and night, resolving wind speeds down to ~5 m/s. Orthogonal views allow the spectrometers to capture wind vectors over all observation locations. Aeolus will also carry the atmospheric limb-viewing Thermal Limb Sounder (TLS) to measure atmospheric temperatures, water ice clouds, and dust abundances across all altitudes where winds are measured. Finally, the Surface Radiometric Sensor Package (SuRSeP), a nadir viewing radiometer, will measure the total reflected solar and emitted thermal radiance, surface temperature, and water cloud and dust total column abundances. The combined spectral and thermal measurements will provide a new understanding of the global energy balance, dust transport processes, and climate cycles in the Martian atmosphere. Aeolus will consist of a single satellite in a near-polar orbit, allowing it to pass over all local times, with the baseline mission observing all seasons of an entire Martian year (two Earth years). Aeolus was one of two Martian smallsat concepts selected for study through the Planetary Science Deep Space SmallSat Studies program. This talk will provide an overview of the mission, including science rationale, instruments, spacecraft, and mission operations concept.

and winds↗
DOE OSTI2024

Study of WH production through vector boson scattering and extraction of the relative sign of the W and Z couplings to the Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV

A search for the production of a W boson and a Higgs boson through vector boson scattering (VBS) is presented, using CMS data from proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV collected from 2016 to 2018. The integrated luminosity of the data sample is 138 fb −1 . Selected events must be consistent with the presence of two jets originating from VBS, the leptonic decay of the W boson to an electron or muon, possibly also through an intermediate τ lepton, and a Higgs boson decaying into a pair of b quarks, reconstructed as either a single merged jet or two resolved jets. A measurement of the process as predicted by the standard model (SM) is performed alongside a study of beyond-the-SM (BSM) scenarios. The SM analysis sets an observed (expected) 95% co­fidence level upper limit of 14.3 (9.9) on the ratio of the measured VBS WH cross section to that expected by the SM. The BSM analysis, conducted within the so-called 𝜅 framework, excludes all scenarios with 𝜆 WZ < 0 that are consistent with current measurements, where 𝜆 WZ = 𝜅 W ∕𝜅 Z and 𝜅 W and 𝜅 Z are the HWW and HZZ coupling mod­fiers, respectively. The significance of the exclusion is beyond 5 standard deviations, and it is consistent with the SM expectation of 𝜆 WZ = 1.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Lattice distortion inducing exciton splitting and coherent quantum beating in CsPbI 3 perovskite quantum dots

It is well known that shape or crystal anisotropy in nanocrystal quantum dots, which are tiny semiconductor nanoparticles, results in energy splitting of their optically bright excitons (bound electron-hole pairs), which is known as fine structure splitting (FSS). Studying FSS usually requires single or just a few quantum dots because of its sensitivity to nanocrystal size and shape. In this work, by using ensemble-level femtosecond polarized transient absorption, the authors observed clear bright-exciton FSS in solution-processed CsPbI 3 perovskite QDs, which is manifested as exciton quantum beats (periodic oscillations of kinetic traces). Remarkably, the beat frequency of a given sample, as determined by the FSS energy, can be continuously controlled by changing the temperature. The FSS is linked experimentally for the first time to temperature dependent lattice distortion in the orthorhombic crystal structure. Because these orthorhombic-phase nanocrystal quantum dots are bounded by the pseudocubic family of crystal planes, the lattice distortion results in a misalignment between the lattice vectors and the nanocrystal edge directions which breaks the symmetry, leading to previously unrecognized avoided crossing “fine-structure gap” between bright exciton. Furthermore, this fine structure gap is responsible for the ability to observe quantum beats despite the shape inhomogeneity within the measured ensemble. Lattice-distortion dependent FSS in CsPbI 3 QDs has important consequences for their application as a platform for coherence and entanglement control in quantum information science.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Identification of Urine Metabolites as Biomarkers of Early Lyme Disease

Metabolites detectible in human biofuids are attractive biomarkers for the diagnosis of early Lyme disease (ELD), a vector-borne infectious disease. Urine represents an easily obtained clinical sample that can be applied for diagnostic purposes. However, few studies have explored urine for biomarkers of ELD. In this study, metabolomics approaches were applied to evaluate small molecule metabolites in urine from patients with ELD (n=14), infectious mononucleosis (n=14) and healthy controls (n=14). Metabolic biosignatures for ELD versus healthy controls and ELD versus infectious mononucleosis were generated using untargeted metabolomics. Pathway analyses and metabolite identifcation revealed the dysregulation of several metabolic processes in ELD as compared to healthy controls or mononucleosis, including metabolism of tryptophan. Linear discriminant analyses demonstrated that individual metabolic biosignatures can correctly discriminate ELD from the other patient groups with accuracies of 71 to 100%. These data provide proof-of-concept for use of urine metabolites as biomarkers for diagnostic classifcation of ELD.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1989

Application of a vectorized particle simulation in high-speed near-continuum flow

An efficient particle simulation technique, developed for use on vector architecture based supercomputers for studying hypersonic rarefied gas flows is employed to simulate the complex wake generated by Mach six flow over a 10 deg half-angle wedge for freestream Reynolds numbers of 1780 and 3560. Data obtained are compared against higher Reynolds number experimental results. Simulations utilized as many as 10 to the 5th computational cells and 10 to the 7th simulated particles having power-law interaction potentials. A code performance of 1.8-2.4 microsec of Cray-2 CPU time to process a single particle per timestep is achieved. Diffuse adiabatic and isothermal wedge surface models are used in this investigation. Although the wedge geometry is two-dimensional, the simulation incorporates a width-wise direction, resulting in a three-dimensional computation.

Woronowicz, Michael S.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Dynamic Forms. Part 1: Functions

The formalism of dynamic forms is developed as a means for organizing and systematizing the design control systems. The formalism allows the designer to easily compute derivatives to various orders of large composite functions that occur in flight-control design. Such functions involve many function-of-a-function calls that may be nested to many levels. The component functions may be multiaxis, nonlinear, and they may include rotation transformations. A dynamic form is defined as a variable together with its time derivatives up to some fixed but arbitrary order. The variable may be a scalar, a vector, a matrix, a direction cosine matrix, Euler angles, or Euler parameters. Algorithms for standard elementary functions and operations of scalar dynamic forms are developed first. Then vector and matrix operations and transformations between parameterization of rotations are developed in the next level in the hierarchy. Commonly occurring algorithms in control-system design, including inversion of pure feedback systems, are developed in the third level. A large-angle, three-axis attitude servo and other examples are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed formalism. All algorithms were implemented in FORTRAN code. Practical experience shows that the proposed formalism may significantly improve the productivity of the design and coding process.

Meyer, George↗
NASA NTRS1993

An Integrated Imaging Detector of Polarization and Spectral Content

A new type of image detector has been designed to simultaneously analyze the polarization of light at all picture elements in a scene. The Integrated Dual Imaging Detector (IDID) consists of a polarizing beamsplitter bonded to a charge-coupled device (CCD), with signal-analysis circuitry and analog-to-digital converters, all integrated on a silicon chip. It should be capable of 1:10(exp 4) polarization discrimination. The IDID should simplify the design and operation of imaging polarimeters and spectroscopic imagers used, for example, in atmospheric and solar research. Innovations in the IDID include (1) two interleaved 512 x 1024-pixel imaging arrays (one for each polarization plane); (2) large dynamic range (well depth of 10(exp 6) electrons per pixel); (3) simultaneous readout of both images at 10 million pixels per second each; (4) on-chip analog signal processing to produce polarization maps in real time; (5) on-chip 10-bit A/D conversion. When used with a lithium-niobate Fabry-Perot etalon or other color filter that can encode spectral information as polarization, the IDID can collect and analyze simultaneous images at two wavelengths. Precise photometric analysis of molecular or atomic concentrations in the atmosphere is one suggested application. When used in a solar telescope, the IDID will charge the polarization, which can then be converted to maps of the vector magnetic fields on the solar surface.

Rust, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS2009

Planetary Geologic Mapping Handbook - 2009

Geologic maps present, in an historical context, fundamental syntheses of interpretations of the materials, landforms, structures, and processes that characterize planetary surfaces and shallow subsurfaces (e.g., Varnes, 1974). Such maps also provide a contextual framework for summarizing and evaluating thematic research for a given region or body. In planetary exploration, for example, geologic maps are used for specialized investigations such as targeting regions of interest for data collection and for characterizing sites for landed missions. Whereas most modern terrestrial geologic maps are constructed from regional views provided by remote sensing data and supplemented in detail by field-based observations and measurements, planetary maps have been largely based on analyses of orbital photography. For planetary bodies in particular, geologic maps commonly represent a snapshot of a surface, because they are based on available information at a time when new data are still being acquired. Thus the field of planetary geologic mapping has been evolving rapidly to embrace the use of new data and modern technology and to accommodate the growing needs of planetary exploration. Planetary geologic maps have been published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) since 1962 (Hackman, 1962). Over this time, numerous maps of several planetary bodies have been prepared at a variety of scales and projections using the best available image and topographic bases. Early geologic map bases commonly consisted of hand-mosaicked photographs or airbrushed shaded-relief views and geologic linework was manually drafted using mylar bases and ink drafting pens. Map publishing required a tedious process of scribing, color peel-coat preparation, typesetting, and photo-laboratory work. Beginning in the 1990s, inexpensive computing, display capability and user-friendly illustration software allowed maps to be drawn using digital tools rather than pen and ink, and mylar bases became obsolete. Terrestrial geologic maps published by the USGS now are primarily digital products using geographic information system (GIS) software and file formats. GIS mapping tools permit easy spatial comparison, generation, importation, manipulation, and analysis of multiple raster image, gridded, and vector data sets. GIS software has also permitted the development of project-specific tools and the sharing of geospatial products among researchers. GIS approaches are now being used in planetary geologic mapping as well (e.g., Hare and others, 2009). Guidelines or handbooks on techniques in planetary geologic mapping have been developed periodically (e.g., Wilhelms, 1972, 1990; Tanaka and others, 1994). As records of the heritage of mapping methods and data, these remain extremely useful guides. However, many of the fundamental aspects of earlier mapping handbooks have evolved significantly, and a comprehensive review of currently accepted mapping methodologies is now warranted. As documented in this handbook, such a review incorporates additional guidelines developed in recent years for planetary geologic mapping by the NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics (PGG) Program s Planetary Cartography and Geologic Mapping Working Group s (PCGMWG) Geologic Mapping Subcommittee (GEMS) on the selection and use of map bases as well as map preparation, review, publication, and distribution. In light of the current boom in planetary exploration and the ongoing rapid evolution of available data for planetary mapping, this handbook is especially timely.

Tanaka, K. L.↗
NASA NTRS2010

Decision Engines for Software Analysis Using Satisfiability Modulo Theories Solvers

The area of software analysis, testing and verification is now undergoing a revolution thanks to the use of automated and scalable support for logical methods. A well-recognized premise is that at the core of software analysis engines is invariably a component using logical formulas for describing states and transformations between system states. The process of using this information for discovering and checking program properties (including such important properties as safety and security) amounts to automatic theorem proving. In particular, theorem provers that directly support common software constructs offer a compelling basis. Such provers are commonly called satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solvers. Z3 is a state-of-the-art SMT solver. It is developed at Microsoft Research. It can be used to check the satisfiability of logical formulas over one or more theories such as arithmetic, bit-vectors, lists, records and arrays. The talk describes some of the technology behind modern SMT solvers, including the solver Z3. Z3 is currently mainly targeted at solving problems that arise in software analysis and verification. It has been applied to various contexts, such as systems for dynamic symbolic simulation (Pex, SAGE, Vigilante), for program verification and extended static checking (Spec#/Boggie, VCC, HAVOC), for software model checking (Yogi, SLAM), model-based design (FORMULA), security protocol code (F7), program run-time analysis and invariant generation (VS3). We will describe how it integrates support for a variety of theories that arise naturally in the context of the applications. There are several new promising avenues and the talk will touch on some of these and the challenges related to SMT solvers. Proceedings

Bjorner, Nikolaj↗
NASA NTRS2010

Planetary Geologic Mapping Handbook - 2010

Geologic maps present, in an historical context, fundamental syntheses of interpretations of the materials, landforms, structures, and processes that characterize planetary surfaces and shallow subsurfaces. Such maps also provide a contextual framework for summarizing and evaluating thematic research for a given region or body. In planetary exploration, for example, geologic maps are used for specialized investigations such as targeting regions of interest for data collection and for characterizing sites for landed missions. Whereas most modern terrestrial geologic maps are constructed from regional views provided by remote sensing data and supplemented in detail by field-based observations and measurements, planetary maps have been largely based on analyses of orbital photography. For planetary bodies in particular, geologic maps commonly represent a snapshot of a surface, because they are based on available information at a time when new data are still being acquired. Thus the field of planetary geologic mapping has been evolving rapidly to embrace the use of new data and modern technology and to accommodate the growing needs of planetary exploration. Planetary geologic maps have been published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) since 1962. Over this time, numerous maps of several planetary bodies have been prepared at a variety of scales and projections using the best available image and topographic bases. Early geologic map bases commonly consisted of hand-mosaicked photographs or airbrushed shaded-relief views and geologic linework was manually drafted using mylar bases and ink drafting pens. Map publishing required a tedious process of scribing, color peel-coat preparation, typesetting, and photo-laboratory work. Beginning in the 1990s, inexpensive computing, display capability and user-friendly illustration software allowed maps to be drawn using digital tools rather than pen and ink, and mylar bases became obsolete. Terrestrial geologic maps published by the USGS now are primarily digital products using geographic information system (GIS) software and file formats. GIS mapping tools permit easy spatial comparison, generation, importation, manipulation, and analysis of multiple raster image, gridded, and vector data sets. GIS software has also permitted the development of projectspecific tools and the sharing of geospatial products among researchers. GIS approaches are now being used in planetary geologic mapping as well. Guidelines or handbooks on techniques in planetary geologic mapping have been developed periodically. As records of the heritage of mapping methods and data, these remain extremely useful guides. However, many of the fundamental aspects of earlier mapping handbooks have evolved significantly, and a comprehensive review of currently accepted mapping methodologies is now warranted. As documented in this handbook, such a review incorporates additional guidelines developed in recent years for planetary geologic mapping by the NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics (PGG) Program's Planetary Cartography and Geologic Mapping Working Group's (PCGMWG) Geologic Mapping Subcommittee (GEMS) on the selection and use of map bases as well as map preparation, review, publication, and distribution. In light of the current boom in planetary exploration and the ongoing rapid evolution of available data for planetary mapping, this handbook is especially timely.

Tanaka, K. L.↗
NASA NTRS2006

Array-Pattern-Match Compiler for Opportunistic Data Analysis

A computer program has been written to facilitate real-time sifting of scientific data as they are acquired to find data patterns deemed to warrant further analysis. The patterns in question are of a type denoted array patterns, which are specified by nested parenthetical expressions. [One example of an array pattern is ((>3) 0 (not=1)): this pattern matches a vector of at least three elements, the first of which exceeds 3, the second of which is 0, and the third of which does not equal 1.] This program accepts a high-level description of a static array pattern and compiles a highly optimal and compact other program to determine whether any given instance of any data array matches that pattern. The compiler implemented by this program is independent of the target language, so that as new languages are used to write code that processes scientific data, they can easily be adapted to this compiler. This program runs on a variety of different computing platforms. It must be run in conjunction with any one of a number of Lisp compilers that are available commercially or as shareware.

James, Mark↗