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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2014

Analysis of Open Automated Demand Response Deployments in California and Guidelines to Transition to Industry Standards

This report reviews the Open Automated Demand Response (OpenADR) deployments within the territories serviced by California's investor-owned utilities (IOUs) and the transition from the OpenADR 1.0 specification to the formal standard?OpenADR 2.0. As demand response service providers and customers start adopting OpenADR 2.0, it is necessary to ensure that the existing Automated Demand Response (AutoDR) infrastructure investment continues to be useful and takes advantage of the formal standard and its many benefits. This study focused on OpenADR deployments and systems used by the California IOUs and included a summary of the OpenADR deployment from the U.S. Department of Energy-funded demonstration conducted by the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD). Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory collected and analyzed data about OpenADR 1.0 deployments, categorized architectures, developed a data model mapping to understand the technical compatibility of each version, and compared the capabilities and features of the two specifications. The findings, for the first time, provided evidence of the total enabled load shed and average first cost for system enablement in the IOU and SMUD service territories. The OpenADR 2.0a profile specification semantically supports AutoDR system architectures and data propagation with a testing and certification program that promotes interoperability, scaled deployments by multiple vendors, and provides additional features that support future services.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2012

A Singlet Extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model: Towards a More Natural Solution to the Little Hierarchy Problem

In this work, I present a generalization of the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM), with an explicit μ-term and a supersymmetric mass for the singlet superfield, as a route to alleviating the little hierarchy problem of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). I analyze two limiting cases of the model, characterized by the size of the supersymmetric mass for the singlet superfield. The small and large limits of this mass parameter are studied, and I find that I can generate masses for the lightest neutral Higgs boson up to 140 GeV with top squarks below the TeV scale, all couplings perturbative up to the gauge unification scale, and with no need to fine tune parameters in the scalar potential. This model, which I call the S-MSSM is also embedded in a gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking scheme. I find that even with a minimal embedding of the S-MSSM into a gauge mediated scheme, the mass for the lightest Higgs boson can easily be above 114 GeV, while keeping the top squarks below the TeV scale. Furthermore, I also study the forward-backward asymmetry in the t¯t system within the framework of the S-MSSM. For this purpose, non-renormalizable couplings between the first and third generation of quarks to scalars are introduced. The two limiting cases of the S-MSSM, characterized by the size of the supersymmetric mass for the singlet superfield is analyzed, and I find that in the region of small singlet supersymmetric mass a large asymmetry can be obtained while being consistent with constraints arising from flavor physics, quark masses and top quark decays.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in ZH → v$\bar{v}$b$\bar{b}$ channel in p$\bar{p}$ collisions at √s= 1.96 TeV

A search for the standard model Higgs boson is performed in 5.2 fb -1 of p$\bar{p}$ collisions at p √s = 1.96 TeV, collected with the DØ detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The final state considered is a pair of b jets with large missing transverse energy, as expected from p$\bar{p}$→ ZH → v$\bar{v}$b$\bar{b}$ production. The search is also sensitive to the WH → ℓvb$\bar{b}$ channel, where the charged lepton is not identified. Boosted decision trees are used to discriminate signal from background. Good agreement is observed between data and expected backgrounds, and, for a Higgs-boson mass of 115 GeV, a limit is set at 95% C.L. on the cross section multiplied by branching fraction of (p$\bar{p}$ → (Z/W)H) × (H → b$\bar{b}$) that is a factor 4.57 expected and 3.73 observed larger than the value expected from the standard model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Methods and Results for Standard Model Event Generation at $\sqrt{s}$ = 14 TeV, 33 TeV and 100 TeV Proton Colliders (A Snowmass Whitepaper)

This document describes the novel techniques used to simulate the common Snowmass 2013 En- ergy Frontier Standard Model backgrounds for future hadron colliders. The purpose of many Energy Frontier studies is to explore the reach of high luminosity data sets at a variety of high energy collid- ers. The generation of high statistics samples which accurately model large integrated luminosities for multiple center-of-mass energies and pile-up environments is not possible using an unweighted event generation strategy | an approach which relies on event weighting was necessary. Even with these improvements in e ciency, extensive computing resources were required. This document de- scribes the speci c approach to event generation using Madgraph5 to produce parton-level processes, followed by parton showering and hadronization with Pythia6, and pile-up and detector simulation with Delphes3. The majority of Standard Model processes for pp interactions at √s = 14, 33, and 100 TeV with 0, 50, and 140 additional pile-up interactions are publicly available.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

The Higgs Boson as a Window to Beyond the Standard Model

The recent discovery of a Higgs boson at the LHC with properties resembling those predicted by the Standard Model (SM) gives strong indication that the final missing piece of the SM is now in place. In particular, the mechanism responsible for Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (EWSB) and generating masses for the Z and W vector bosons appears to have been established. Even with this amazing discovery there are still many outstanding theoretical and phenomenological questions which suggest that there must be physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). As we investigate in this thesis, the Higgs boson offers the exciting possibility of acting as a window to this new physics through various avenues which are experimentally testable in the coming years. We investigate a subset of these possibilities and begin by discussing them briefly below before a detailed examination in the following chapters.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in $l\nu+b\bar{b}$ final states in 9.7 fb$^{-1}$ of $p\bar{p}$ collisions with the DØ detector

Humans have always attempted to understand the mystery of Nature, and more recently physicists have established theories to describe the observed phenomena. The most recent theory is a gauge quantum field theory framework, called Standard Model (SM), which proposes a model comprised of elementary matter particles and interaction particles which are fundamental force carriers in the most unified way. The Standard Model contains the internal symmetries of the unitary product group SU(3) c ⓍSU(2) L Ⓧ U(1) Y , describes the electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions; the model also describes how quarks interact with each other through all of these three interactions, how leptons interact with each other through electromagnetic and weak forces, and how force carriers mediate the fundamental interactions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Standard Diagnostics for the Diurnal Cycle

The purpose of this document is to suggest a strategy for constructing standard diagnostics of the diurnal cycle from both climate model and observational data products. The guiding philosophy is “keep it simple,” in the hope that a diagnostic software package can be readily constructed and widely used. Of course this means that the output of the package will form only the beginning of necessary examination of the diurnal cycle in models and in the real world. The latest version of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, CMIP5, provides several fields at 3- hourly time resolution near the surface: air and surface temperatures, pressure, humidity, soil moisture, horizontal wind, energy flux components, overhead cloudiness, evaporation, precipitation, convective precipitation, and snowfall. (See the “3hr” tab in the Standard Output spreadsheet at http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/data_description.html.) Meanwhile satellite observations provide at least equally fine time resolution and global coverage for some of these fields. This data makes possible an extensive study of the diurnal cycle near the surface.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2012

A Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in CDF II Data

This dissertation presents a search for the standard model Higgs boson in the associated production process p $\bar{p}$ → ZH → e + e - b$\bar{b}$. Data amounting to an integrated luminosity of 7.5 fb -1 at √s = 1.96 TeV collected at the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) at the Tevatron are analyzed. Two objectives are pursued in the methods applied: maximize acceptance, and distinguish the signal from background. The first aim is met by applying a neural-network-based electron identi cation and considering multiple electron triggers in an effort to improve Z acceptance. In an attempt to maximize the Higgs acceptance, three b quark identification schemes are used allowing for varying event conditions. The latter goal is met by employing more multivariate techniques. First, the dijet mass resolution is improved by a neural network. Then, both single variables and boosted decision tree outputs are fed into a segmented final discriminant simultaneously isolating the signal-like events from the Z with additional jets background and the kinematically di erent tt background. Good agreement is seen with the null hypothesis and upper production cross section ( ZH) times branching ratio (BR(H →b $\bar{b}$)) limits are set for 11 mass hypotheses between 100 and 150 GeV/c 2 at the 95% confidence level. For a Higgs boson mass of 115 GeV/c 2 , this channel sets an observed (expected) upper limit of 3.9 (5.8) times the standard model value of ZH BR(H → b $\bar{b}$). The inclusion of this channel within the combined CDF and Tevatron limits is discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Similarity Analysis: Comparison of a Standard 60mL With a 50mL Container for MicroCT

A 50mL container with a one inch outer diameter has been proposed for holding specimen materials scanned at LLNL and Tyndall Air Force Research Laboratory (TAFRL). In order to determine whether or not this new container would significantly affect MicroCT results, a similarity analysis procedure developed at LLNL was used. This procedure compares multiple first and second order statistics obtained from CT reconstructed images generated by the MicroCT analysis process, and prescribes similarity constraints as guidance. For this study, water was scanned on the MicroCT system at LLNL, twice in the standard 60mL container and twice in the proposed 50mL container. Data were analyzed following the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for MicroCT analysis. Comparison of analytical results shows that the new container does not satisfy all similarity analysis criteria (certain second order statistics are outside of similarity analysis constraints).

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Similarity Analysis: Comparison of a Standard 60mL With an Anti-Static Container for MicroCT

Pursuant to safety concerns, an anti-static container has been proposed for holding specimen materials scanned by an International Partner (IP) on a MicroCT system. In order to determine whether or not this new container would significantly affect MicroCT results, a similarity analysis procedure developed at LLNL was used. This procedure compares multiple first and second order statistics obtained from CT reconstructed images generated by the MicroCT analysis process, and prescribes similarity constraints as guidance. For this study, water was scanned on a MicroCT system in both a standard container and the proposed anti-static container under Test Plan 83. Data were analyzed following the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for MicroCT analysis. Comparison of analytical results shows that the anti-static container satisfies all similarity analysis criteria.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2014

MAN-004 Design Standards Manual

At Sandia National Laboratories in New Mexico (SNL/NM), the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of facilities is guided by industry standards, a graded approach, and the systematic analysis of life cycle benefits received for costs incurred. The design of the physical plant must ensure that the facilities are "fit for use," and provide conditions that effectively, efficiently, and safely support current and future mission needs. In addition, SNL/NM applies sustainable design principles, using an integrated whole-building design approach, from site planning to facility design, construction, and operation to ensure building resource efficiency and the health and productivity of occupants. The safety and health of the workforce and the public, any possible effects on the environment, and compliance with building codes take precedence over project issues, such as performance, cost, and schedule. These design standards generally apply to all disciplines on all SNL/NM projects. Architectural and engineering design must be both functional and cost-effective. Facility design must be tailored to fit its intended function, while emphasizing low-maintenance, energy-efficient, and energy-conscious design. Design facilities that can be maintained easily, with readily accessible equipment areas, low maintenance, and quality systems. To promote an orderly and efficient appearance, architectural features of new facilities must complement and enhance the existing architecture at the site. As an Architectural and Engineering (A/E) professional, you must advise the Project Manager when this approach is prohibitively expensive. You are encouraged to use professional judgment and ingenuity to produce a coordinated interdisciplinary design that is cost-effective, easily contractible or buildable, high-performing, aesthetically pleasing, and compliant with applicable building codes. Close coordination and development of civil, landscape, structural, architectural, fire protection, mechanical, electrical, telecommunications, and security features is expected to ensure compatibility with planned functional equipment and to facilitate constructability. If portions of the design are subcontracted to specialists, delivery of the finished design documents must not be considered complete until the subcontracted portions are also submitted for review. You must, along with support consultants, perform functional analyses and programming in developing design solutions. These solutions must reflect coordination of the competing functional, budgetary, and physical requirements for the project. During design phases, meetings between you and the SNL/NM Project Team to discuss and resolve design issues are required. These meetings are a normal part of the design process. For specific design-review requirements, see the project-specific Design Criteria. In addition to the design requirements described in this manual, instructive information is provided to explain the sustainable building practice goals for design, construction, operation, and maintenance of SNL/NM facilities. Please notify SNL/NM personnel of design best practices not included in this manual, so they can be incorporated in future updates.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2013

Energy Efficiency Appliance Standards: Where do we stand, how far can we go and how do we get there? An analysis across several economies

This paper analyses several potential savings scenarios for minimum energy performance standard (MEPS) and comparable programs for governments participating i n the Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) Initiative, of the Clean Energy Ministerial, which represent over 60% of primary energy consumption in the world. We compare projected energy savings from the main end uses in the residential sector using three energy efficiency scenarios: (1) recent achievements, (2) cost-effective saving potential, and (3) energy efficiency technical potential. The recent achievement scenario (1) evaluates the future impact of MEPS enacted or under development between 2010 and 2012. The cost-effective potential scenario (2) identifies the maximum potential for energy efficiency that results in net benefits to the consumer. The best available technology scenario (3) re presents the full potential of energy efficiency considering best available technologies as candidates for MEPS and incentive programs. We use the Bottom Up Energy Analysis System (BUENAS), developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in collaboration with the Collaborative Labelling and Appliances Standards Program (CLASP), to provide a consistent methodology to com pare the different scenarios. This paper focuses on the main end uses in the residential sector. The comparison of the three scenarios for each economy provides possible opportunities for scaling up current policies or implementing additional policies. This comparison across economies reveals country best practices as well as end uses that present the greatest additional potential savings. The paper describes areas where methodologies and additional policy instruments can increase penetration of energy efficient technologies. First , we summarize the barriers and provide remedial policy tools/best practices, such as techno-economic analysis, in response to each barriers that prevent economies from capturing the full cost-effective potentials of MEPS (Scenario 1 to 2). Then, we consider the possible complementary policy options, such as incentive pro grams, to reach the full technical potential of energy efficiency in the residential sector (Scenario 2 to 3).

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Design of Standards and Labeling programs in Chile: Techno-Economic Analysis for Refrigerators

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is a global leader in the study of energy efficiency and its effective implementation through government policy. The Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Department of LBNL’s Environmental Energy Technologies Division provides technical assistance to help federal, stat e and local government agencies in the United States, and throughout the world, develop long-term strategies, policy, and programs to encourage energy efficiency in all sectors and industries. In the past, LBNL has assisted staff of various countries government agencies and their con tractors in providing methodologies to analyze cost-effectiveness of regulations and asses s overall national impacts of efficiency programs. The paper presents the work done in collaboration with the Ministry of Energy (MoE) in Chile and the Collaborative Labeling Appliance Standards Programs (CLASP) on designing a Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) and ext ending the current labeling program for refrigerators.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2014

End-Use Opportunity Analysis from Progress Indicator Results for ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013

This report and an accompanying spreadsheet (PNNL 2014a) compile the end use building simulation results for prototype buildings throughout the United States. The results represent he energy use of each edition of ASHRAE Standard 90.1, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (ASHRAE 2004, 2007, 2010, 2013). PNNL examined the simulation results to determine how the remaining energy was used.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2015

Performance Specification for Standardized Transportation, Aging, and Disposal Canister Systems (Rev.2)

This performance specification document addresses use of a standardized transportation, aging, and disposal (STAD) canister system in the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) waste management system. This document was developed to support STAD canister system studies and potential research, development, and demonstration activities. Requirements in this specification may evolve with time based on results from analyses, experiments, design studies, system evaluations and demonstrations, as well as other factors. A STAD canister system consists of a canister, together with a storage or aging overpack/module/vault, a shielded transfer cask (STC), a site transporter, a transportation overpack, and a transportation skid. Three sizes of circular cross section STAD canister variants are specified in this document. The small STAD canister capacity is four pressurized water reactor (PWR) or nine boiling water reactor (BWR) SNF assemblies. The medium STAD canister capacity is 12 PWR or 32 BWR SNF assemblies. The large STAD canister capacity is 21 PWR or 44 BWR SNF assemblies. Using standardized canisters for SNF facilitates the interface between storage at an independent spent fuel storage installation (ISFSI) or a DOEowned interim storage facility (ISF), transportation between facilities, and disposal at a repository. Multiple STAD canisters may be stored in a single storage overpack and/or a single transportation overpack. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) requirements currently used for storage and transportation are adopted for the STAD canister system. Approved approaches (guidance) in NRC storage and transportation documents are also adopted as requirements for the STAD canister system to facilitate obtaining NRC Certificates of Compliance (CoCs) for STAD canister systems. Performance specifications in this document are also informed by STAD canister disposability in various geologic media and consideration of ISF (and geologic repository) handling facility design, operations, and licensing requirements.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Rationale for the Performance Specification for Standardized Transportation, Aging, and Disposal Canister Systems (Rev.1)

This document provides the rationale for the specifications for the standardized transportation, aging, and disposal (STAD) canister systems provided in Performance Specification for Standardized Transportation, Aging, and Disposal Canister Systems, FCRD-NFST-2014-000579, Rev. 2, referred to as STAD Spec herein. The STAD Spec was developed to support STAD canister system studies and potential research, development, and demonstration activities. Requirements in the specification may evolve with time based on results from analyses, experiments, design studies, system evaluations and demonstrations, as well as other factors. The STAD canister system consists of a canister, together with a storage or aging overpack/module/vault, a shielded transfer cask (STC), a site transporter, a transportation overpack, and a transportation skid. Three sizes of circular cross section STAD canister variants are specified. The small STAD canister capacity is four pressurized water reactor (PWR) or nine boiling water reactor (BWR) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) assemblies. The medium STAD canister capacity is 12 PWR or 32 BWR SNF assemblies. The large STAD canister capacity is 21 PWR or 44 BWR SNF assemblies. There are 60 specifications in the STAD Spec that cover the STAD canister general design attributes, canister safety functional requirements, operational considerations, materials, storage and aging system requirements, and transportation system requirements. The 60 specifications are derived from regulatory requirements, regulatory guidance, STAD canister disposability considerations, and interim storage facility (ISF) and geologic repository handling facility considerations.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2015

R&D for Safety Codes and Standards: Materials and Components Compatibility

This project addresses the following technical barriers from the Safety, Codes and Standards section of the 2012 Fuel Cell Technologies Office Multi-Year Research, Development and Demonstration Plan (section 3.8): (A) Safety data and information: limited access and availability (F) Enabling national and international markets requires consistent RCS (G) Insufficient technical data to revise standards.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2016

Community-Wide Zero Energy Ready Home Standard

This report outlines the steps a developer can take when creating and implementing high performance standards such as the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Zero Energy Ready Home (ZERH) standards on a community-wide scale. The report also describes the specific examples of how this process is underway in the Stapleton community in Denver, Colorado, by the developer Forest City.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗