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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2011

Search for the Higgs Boson and Rare Standard Model Processes in the E T +B-Jets Signature at the Collider Detector at Fermilab

We study rare processes of the standard model of particle physics (SM) in events with missing transverse energy E T , no leptons, and two or three jets, of which at least one is identified as originating from a $b$-quark (E T +b-jets signature). We present a search for the SM Higgs boson produced in association with a $W$ or $Z$ boson when the Higgs decays into \bbbar. We consider the scenario where $Z \to \nu \nu$, or $W \to l \nu$ and the lepton escapes detection. This dissertation analyzes $7.8~\mbox{fb$^{-1}$}$ of data collected by the CDF~II experiment at Fermilab. For the first time, we analyze events with \emph{relaxed kinematic} requirements, yielding an increase of 30- 40\% in acceptance to the $WH/ZH$ signal. We collect events from three different triggers and parametrize the efficiency of their logical combination (OR) using a novel artificial neural network ($NN$) technique. To increase the sensitivity to the signal, we implement a $NN$ to remove the huge instrumental background. An additional $NN$ is used to discriminate the Higgs signal from the remaining background. We check our background modeling by comparing data against backgrounds in many control regions, and find good agreement. Observing no significant excess in the data, we place 95\% confidence level (C.L.) upper limits on the Higgs boson production cross section. For a mass of $115~\mbox{GeV/$c^2$}$ the expected (observed) limit is $2.9$ ($2.3$) times the standard model prediction. Compared to the last iteration of this analysis, this result improves the significance by 10\% throughout the $100-150~\mbox{GeV/$c^2$}$ mass range. This is one of the most sensitive at the Tevatron in this mass range. We cross-check the tools developed in this dissertation by measuring the cross-section of top pair, electroweak single top and diboson ($WZ+ZZ$) production.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Search for Physics Beyond the Standard Model in the Trilepton Signature in $\bar{p}-p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$~TeV with CDF II

The standard model (SM) of particles and fields is a theory that has proven very accurate in the currently accessible collider energies. Nonetheless, the SM is theoretically incomplete in the sense that it leaves many questions and problems unanswered, for example, the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB). The Higgs boson is introduced to the SM to provide a mechanism for electroweak symmetry breaking and masses to quarks and leptons. However, the introduction of the Higgs mechanism has the undesirable effect of introducing the hierarchy problem which is characterized by quadratically divergent contributions to the Higgs mass squared. Supersymmetry (SUSY) has been postulated as a way to solve the problem of the fine tuning of the Higgs self-interactions, and additionally to provide a possible mechanism for EWSB. The golden search channel for mSUGRA is the $\chi{^\pm}_{1} \chi^{0}_{2} \rightarrow 3\ell$ (three leptons) channel. It offers a reasonable signal $\sigma \ x BR$ with very small contributions from Standard Model backgrounds. This thesis, presents a search for chargino-neutralino production within the mSUGRA framework.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the Diphoton Final State in $p\bar{p}$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 1.96 TeV Using the CDF II Detector

We present a search for the Standard Model Higgs boson decaying into a pair of photons produced in p$p\bar{p}$ collisions with a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 10 fb -1 collected by the CDF II detector. Higgs boson candidate events are identified by reconstructing two photons in either the central or plug regions of the detector. The acceptance for identifying photons is significantly increased by using a new algorithm designed to reconstruct photons in the central region that have converted to an electron-positron pair. In addition, a new neural network discriminant is employed to improve the identification of non-converting central photons. No evidence for the Higgs boson is observed in the data, and we set an upper limit on the cross section for Higgs boson production multiplied by the H → γγ branching ratio. For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV/c 2 , we obtain an observed (expected) limit of 12.2 (10.8) times the Standard Model prediction at the 95% credibility level.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) Program - Statistical Analysis of RDX Standard Data Sets

The Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) program is conducting a Proficiency Test for Small- Scale Safety and Thermal (SSST) testing of homemade explosives (HMEs). Described here are statistical analyses of the results for impact, friction, electrostatic discharge, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis of the RDX Type II Class 5 standard. The material was tested as a well-characterized standard several times during the proficiency study to assess differences among participants and the range of results that may arise for well-behaved explosive materials. The analyses show that there are detectable differences among the results from IDCA participants. While these differences are statistically significant, most of them can be disregarded for comparison purposes to assess potential variability when laboratories attempt to measure identical samples using methods assumed to be nominally the same. The results presented in this report include the average sensitivity results for the IDCA participants and the ranges of values obtained. The ranges represent variation about the mean values of the tests of between 26% and 42%. The magnitude of this variation is attributed to differences in operator, method, and environment as well as the use of different instruments that are also of varying age. The results appear to be a good representation of the broader safety testing community based on the range of methods, instruments, and environments included in the IDCA Proficiency Test.

round-robin test↗
DOE OSTI2013

Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) Program — RDX Standard Data Sets

The Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) program is conducting a proficiency study for Small- Scale Safety and Thermal (SSST) testing of homemade explosives (HMEs). Described here are the results for impact, friction, electrostatic discharge, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis of the RDX Type II Class 5 standard, for a third and fourth time in the Proficiency Test and averaged with the analysis results from the first and second time. The results, from averaging all four sets (1, 2, 3 and 4) of data suggest a material to have slightly more impact sensitivity, more BAM friction sensitivity, less ABL friction sensitivity, similar ESD sensitivity, and same DSC sensitivity, compared to the results from Set 1, which was used previously as the values for the RDX standard in IDCA Analysis Reports.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Synthesis of SHAL and SHAL Precursor Standard, CRADA No. TC02174.0

The purpose of this CRADA was to establish a collaborative effort between SHAL Technologies and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory that would advance the development and testing of a family of small molecule oncology drugs and companion diagnostics called selective high affinity ligands (SHALs) for the treatment of advanced non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. These compounds were first synthesized by the LLNL chemist participating in this CRADA when the compounds were first developed (2004-2008) by the founders of SHAL Technologies (while they were employed at LLNL). This CRADA initially had five deliverables. Deliverables 1-3 involved LLNL’s synthesis of 10-50 mg of the SHALs SH7133 and SH7139 using the same bench-scale conditions used previously, their purification, and obtaining data needed to demonstrate the mass and purity of the compounds. Deliverable 4, which was to be completed by SHAL Technologies, was the comparison of the bench-scale synthetic products to the same compounds manufactured on the multigram to kilogram scale by the contract research organization (CRO) AmbioPharm Inc. The fifth deliverable was this final report. An amendment was made to add the additional tasks and deliverables needed to synthesize the third SHAL standard SH7129 (the diagnostic) and compare it to product manufactured by AmbioPharm. During the testing of the three standards synthesized by LLNL, the SHAL compounds were found to lack biological activity. When we discovered that a commercial chemical supplier provided both LLNL and our CRO AmbioPharm with a SHAL precursor that had the wrong structure, two amendments to the CRADA were made to add additional tasks and deliverables to enable us to repeat all the syntheses and conduct more extensive testing of the bench scale and manufactured products. Once the final correct products were synthesized and confirmed to have the right structures, a third amendment was added to the CRADA to enable the synthesis of two fragments of the SHALs to determine if these compounds are produced when the SHALs are metabolized. This last synthesis was included to provide the information needed to establish a second, new CRADA between SHAL Technologies and LLNL that would focus on the identifying how the SHALs are metabolized and how their metabolic products may be responsible for the selective killing of tumor cells over-expressing the protein targeted by the SHALs, HLA-DR10.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

Searching for Physics Beyond the Standard Model: Strongly-Coupled Field Theories at the Intensity and Energy Frontiers

This proposal is to develop the software and algorithmic infrastructure needed for the numerical study of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and of theories that have been proposed to describe physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) of high energy physics, on current and future computers. This infrastructure will enable users (1) to improve the accuracy of QCD calculations to the point where they no longer limit what can be learned from high-precision experiments that seek to test the Standard Model, and (2) to determine the predictions of BSM theories in order to understand which of them are consistent with the data that will soon be available from the LHC. Work will include the extension and optimizations of community codes for the next generation of leadership class computers, the IBM Blue Gene/Q and the Cray XE/XK, and for the dedicated hardware funded for our field by the Department of Energy. Members of our collaboration at Brookhaven National Laboratory and Columbia University worked on the design of the Blue Gene/Q, and have begun to develop software for it. Under this grant we will build upon their experience to produce high-efficiency production codes for this machine. Cray XE/XK computers with many thousands of GPU accelerators will soon be available, and the dedicated commodity clusters we obtain with DOE funding include growing numbers of GPUs. We will work with our partners in NVIDIA's Emerging Technology group to scale our existing software to thousands of GPUs, and to produce highly efficient production codes for these machines. Work under this grant will also include the development of new algorithms for the effective use of heterogeneous computers, and their integration into our codes. It will include improvements of Krylov solvers and the development of new multigrid methods in collaboration with members of the FASTMath SciDAC Institute, using their HYPRE framework, as well as work on improved symplectic integrators.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Carbonate Species and Solid Carbonate Phases of Selected Trace Elements pertinent to Drinking Water Standards of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

This report contains a series of tables summarizing the thermodynamic properties of aqueous carbonate complexes and solid carbonate phases of the following elements: arsenic (As), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni) thallium (Tl), uranium (U) and zinc (Zn). Most of these elements are potentially hazardous as defined by extant primary drinking water standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The remainder are not considered hazardous, but are either listed by EPA under secondary standards, or because they can adversely affect drinking water quality. Additional tables are included giving the thermodynamic properties for carbonates of the alkali metal and alkali earth elements, sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and strontium (Sr), because of their value in developing correlative models to estimate the thermodynamic properties of carbonate minerals for which no such data currently exist. The purpose in creating the tables in this report is to provide future investigators with a convenient source for selecting and tracing the sources of thermodynamic data of the above listed elements for use in modeling their geochemical behavior in “underground sources of drinking water” (USDW). The incentive for doing so lies with a heightened concern over the potential consequences of the proposed capture and storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by fossil fuel fired power plants in deep subsurface reservoirs. If CO2 were to leak from such reservoirs, it could migrate upward and contaminate USDWs with undesirable, but undetermined, consequences to water quality. The EPA, Office of Research and Development, through an Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, funded the preparation of this report.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Review of Quantitative Monitoring Methodologies for Emissions Verification and Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage for California’s Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade and Low-Carbon Fuel Standard Programs

The Cap-and-Trade and Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) programs being administered by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) include Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) as a potential means to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, there is currently no universal standard approach that quantifies GHG emissions reductions for CCS and that is suitable for the quantitative needs of the Cap-and-Trade and LCFS programs. CCS involves emissions related to the capture (e.g., arising from increased energy needed to separate carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from a flue gas and compress it for transport), transport (e.g., by pipeline), and storage of CO 2 (e.g., due to leakage to the atmosphere from geologic CO 2 storage sites). In this project, we reviewed and compared monitoring, verification, and accounting (MVA) protocols for CCS from around the world by focusing on protocols specific to the geologic storage part of CCS. In addition to presenting the review of these protocols, we highlight in this report those storage-related MVA protocols that we believe are particularly appropriate for CCS in California. We find that none of the existing protocols is completely appropriate for California, but various elements of all of them could be adopted and/or augmented to develop a rigorous, defensible, and practical surface leakage MVA protocol for California. The key features of a suitable surface leakage MVA plan for California are that it: (1) informs and validates the leakage risk assessment, (2) specifies use of the most effective monitoring strategies while still being flexible enough to accommodate special or site-specific conditions, (3) quantifies stored CO 2 , and (4) offers defensible estimates of uncertainty in monitored properties. California’s surface leakage MVA protocol needs to be applicable to the main CO 2 storage opportunities (in California and in other states with entities participating in California’s Cap-and-Trade or LCFS programs), specifically CO 2 -enhanced oil recovery (CO 2 -EOR), CO 2 injection into depleted gas reservoirs (with or without CO 2 -enhanced gas recovery (CO 2 -EGR)), as well as deep saline storage. Regarding the elements of an effective surface leakage MVA protocol, our recommendations for California are that: (1) both CO 2 and methane (CH 4 ) surface leakage should be monitored, especially for enhanced recovery scenarios, (2) emissions from all sources not directly related to injection and geologic storage (e.g., from capture, or pipeline transport) should be monitored and reported under a plan separate from the surface leakage MVA plan that is included as another component of the quantification methodology (QM), (3) the primary objective of the surface leakage MVA plan should be to quantify surface leakage of CO 2 and CH 4 and its uncertainty, with consideration of best-practices and state-of-the-art approaches to monitoring including attribution assessment, (4) effort should be made to monitor CO 2 storage and migration in the subsurface to anticipate future surface leakage monitoring needs, (5) detailed descriptions of specific monitoring technologies and approaches should be provided in the MVA plan, (6) the main purpose of the CO 2 injection project (CO 2 -EOR, CO 2 -EGR, or pure geologic carbon sequestration (GCS)) needs to be stated up front, (7) approaches to dealing with missing data and quantifying uncertainty need to be described, and (8) post-injection monitoring should go on for a period consistent with or longer than that prescribed by the U.S. EPA.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Nanotechnology Standardization Activities – Support of U.S. Representation on ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies

In carrying out its responsibilities on behalf of the United States, ANSI provides comprehensive, administrative support and expertise on international protocols and procedures to: (1) the U.S. Technical Advisory Group (TAG) to the International Organization for Standardization’s (ISO) Technical Committee (TC) 229 Nanotechnologies, and (2) the corresponding U.S. TAG Working Groups tasked with formulating U.S. positions on topics relevant to nanotechnology standardization. Additionally, secretariat and procedural support is provided for the ISO/TC 229 WG 3 on health, safety and environment, for which the United States was assigned leadership by the participating national body members of ISO/TC 229. As the official entity that serves as the U.S. representative to ISO, ANSI provides not only expert coordination of U.S. positions and representation at ISO but also strategic direction, advice and procedural expertise to facilitate navigation of international issues to promote U.S. positions for incorporation into the ISO/TC 229 program of work necessary to support U.S. objectives.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in $H \to WW \to \ell \nu j j$ Channel in 1.96-TeV Proton-Antiproton Collisions

We searched for Standard Model Higgs boson decaying into WW(*), where one of the W bosons decays leptonically and the other hadronically. We used 4.6 $fb^{-1}$ of data collected with the CDF detector in Tevatron Run II. We composed a likelihood discriminant using kinematic variables in order to maximize the signal/background separation. We set upper limits on Higgs boson production cross section for Higgs boson masses between 150 and 200 GeV/$c^2$. The results range from 5.69 ($m_H$ = 170 GeV/$c^2$) to 52.5 ($m_H$ = 150 GeV/$c^2$) times the Standard Model values at 95 % confidence level

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Report detailing comparative analysis of results from high flux isotope reactor and national institute of standards technology small-angle neutron scattering experiments

The major issues regarding irradiation effects are discussed in [1-3] and have also been discussed in previous progress and milestone reports. As noted previously, of the many significant issues discussed, the issue considered to have the most impact on the current regulatory process is that associated with effects of neutron irradiation on RPV steels at high fluence, for long irradiation times, and as affected by neutron flux. It is clear that embrittlement of RPV steels is a critical issue that may limit LWR plant life extension. The primary objective of the LWRSP RPV task is to develop robust predictions of transition temperature shifts (TTS) at high fluence ( t) to at least 1020 n/cm 2 (>1 MeV) pertinent to plant operation of some pressurized water reactors (PWR) for 80 full power years. Correlations between the high flux test reactor results and low flux surveillance specimens must be established for proper RPV embrittlement predictions of the current nuclear power fleet. Additionally, a complete understanding of defect evolution for high nickel RPV steels is needed to characterize the embrittlement potential of Mn-Ni-enriched precipitates (MNPs), particularly for the high fluence regime. While understanding of copper-enriched precipitates (CRPs) have been fully developed, the recent discovery and experimental verification [4] of late blooming MNPs with little to no copper for nucleation has stimulated research efforts to understand the evolution of these phases. New and existing databases will be combined to support developing physically based models of TTS for high fluence-low flux ( < 10 11n/cm 2 -s) conditions, beyond the existing surveillance database, to neutron fluences of at least 1 1020 n/cm2 (>1 MeV). Moreover, large number of various RPV materials have been irradiated in ATR-2 experiment and will be jointly studied by University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) and ORNL to address majority of microstructural characteristics discussed above, see Ref. [5] and [6] for details. UCSB has performed a large number of SANS experiments in the past at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research (NCNR). These data are taken from RPV steels irradiated in a wide range of flux-fluence space and will be very useful in comparing to the upcoming UCSB ATR-2 irradiation characterization since most of the SANS experiments with ATR-2 materials will be performed at ORNL High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). However in the previous report [7], some discrepancies were observed between HFIR and NCNR generated data. One of the hypotheses was that there was some kind of extra scattering occurring off the sample holders that results in the HFIR curves falling above the NCNR curves. To test this hypothesis, UCSB provided thermally aged samples that have been previously run at NCNR to ORNL for testing at HFIR while ORNL performed some improvements to experimental set up at HFIR. This report provides the status for the Level 3 Milestone (M3LW-15OR0402013), Complete report detailing comparative analysis of results from High Flux Isotope Reactor and National Institute of Standards and Technology small-angle neutron scattering experiments. This milestone is associated with small-angle neutron scattering characterization at the High Flux Isotope Reactor of various model alloys that had been previously characterized at NCNR by UCSB.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Standard Modular Hydropower Technology Acceleration Workshop: Summary Report

In support of the Department of Energy (DOE) funded Standard Modular Hydropower (SMH) Technology Acceleration project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) staff convened with five small hydropower technology entrepreneurs on June 14 and 15, 2017 to discuss gaps, challenges, and opportunities for small modular hydropower development. The workshop was designed to walk through SMH concepts, discuss the SMH research vision, assess how each participant’s technology aligns with SMH concepts and research, and identify future pathways for mutually beneficial collaboration that leverages ORNL expertise and entrepreneurial industry experience. The goal coming out of the workshop is to advance standardized, scalable, modular hydropower technologies and development approaches with sustained and open dialogue among diverse stakeholder groups.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Standard Inverter Interface and Compliance Framework

Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. (EPRI) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) collaborated to develop and demonstrate a standard communication interface for solar inverters as well as a compliance framework to verify proper product operation via that interface. This activity filled a key void in the needs of California in relation to revisions to California’s Electric Tariff Rule 21 interconnection guidelines. Rule 21 is a CPUC-approved tariff based on IEEE 1547 technical requirements that describes the interconnection, operating, and metering requirements for generation facilities to be connected to a utility’s distribution system, over which the CPUC has jurisdiction. These guidelines, as presently being developed, anticipate a requirement for future inverters to have a standard communication interface and to be testable to verify their proper operation prior to deployment.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

2017 Standard Scenarios Report: A U.S. Electricity Sector Outlook

This report summarizes the results of 26 forward-looking “standard scenarios” of the U.S. power sector simulated by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) using the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) and Distributed Generation (dGen) capacity expansion models. The annual Standard Scenarios, which are now in their third year, have been designed to capture a range of possible power system futures considering a variety of factors that impact power sector evolution.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2018

NREL Topic 1 Final Report: Cohesive Application of Standards-Based Connected Devices to Enable Clean Energy Technologies

This document is the final report of a two-year development, test, and demonstration project entitled 'Cohesive Application of Standards-Based Connected Devices to Enable Clean Energy Technologies.' The project was part of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Integrated Network Test-bed for Energy Grid Research and Technology (INTEGRATE) initiative. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and a team of partners were selected by NREL to carry out a project to develop and test how smart, connected consumer devices can act to enable the use of more clean energy technologies on the electric power grid. The project team includes a set of leading companies that produce key products in relation to achieving this vision: thermostats, water heaters, pool pumps, solar inverters, electric vehicle supply equipment, and battery storage systems. A key requirement of the project was open access at the device level - a feature seen as foundational to achieving a future of widespread distributed generation and storage. The internal intelligence, standard functionality and communication interfaces utilized in this project result in the ability to integrate devices at any level, to work collectively at the level of the home/business, microgrid, community, distribution circuit or other. Collectively, the set of products serve as a platform on which a wide range of control strategies may be developed and deployed.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2018

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants – Radionuclide Emissions Calendar Year 2017

Report submitted to regulators (State of Nevada and EPA Region IV). Required to document compliance with 40 CFR 61 Subpart H. The U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office (NNSA/NFO) operates the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) and the North Las Vegas Facility (NLVF). From 1951 through 1992, the NNSS was the continental testing location for U.S. nuclear weapons. The release of radionuclides from NNSS activities has been monitored since the initiation of atmospheric testing. After 1962, testing was limited to underground detonations, which greatly reduced radiation exposure to the public. Since nuclear testing ended in 1992, radiation monitoring focused on detecting airborne radionuclides from historically contaminated soils. These radionuclides are derived from re-suspension of soil (primarily by wind) and emission of tritium-contaminated soil moisture through evapotranspiration. Low amounts of legacy-related tritium are also emitted to air at the NLVF, an NNSS support complex in North Las Vegas. To protect the public from harmful levels of man-made radiation, the Clean Air Act, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) (Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] Part 61 Subpart H) (CFR 2010a) limits the release of radioactivity from a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facility to that which would cause 10 millirem per year (mrem/y) effective dose equivalent to any member of the public. This limit does not include radiation unrelated to NNSS activities. Unrelated doses could come from naturally occurring radioactive elements, from sources such as medically or commercially used radionuclides, or from sources outside of the United States, such as Japan’s Fukushima nuclear power plant, which was damaged in 2011. NNSA/NFO demonstrates compliance with the NESHAP limit by using environmental measurements of radionuclide air concentrations at critical receptor locations on the NNSS (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] and DOE 1995). This method was approved by the EPA in 2001 (EPA 2001a) and has been the method used to demonstrate compliance with the 40 CFR 61.92 dose standard since 2005. Six locations on the NNSS have been established to act as critical receptor locations to demonstrate compliance with the NESHAP limit. These locations are actually pseudo-critical receptor stations because no member of the public resides at these onsite locations. Compliance is demonstrated if the measured annual average concentration is less than the NESHAP Concentration Level (CL) for Environmental Compliance listed in 40 CFR 61, Appendix E, Table 2 (CFR 2010a). For multiple radionuclides, compliance is demonstrated when the sum of the fractions (determined by dividing each radionuclide’s concentration by its CL and then adding the fractions together) is less than 1.0. In 2017, the potential dose from radiological emissions to air from both current and past NNSS activities was well below the 10 mrem/y dose limit. This is demonstrated by air sampling data collected at the critical receptor air monitoring stations which had average concentrations of radioactivity that were a fraction of the CL values. Concentrations ranged from 0.2% to a maximum of 5.7% of the allowed NESHAP limit. Clean Air Package 1988 (CAP88) was used to model dose to the offsite public from all 2017 NNSS radionuclide emissions. The model showed the maximally exposed individual to be on the adjacent U.S. Air Force Nevada Test and Training Range; this individual received a dose of 0.07 mrem/y. The potential dose to the public from NLVF emissions was also very low at 0.0000098 mrem/y, over six orders of magnitude lower than the 10 mrem/y limit.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

NREL Comparison Between Absolute Cavity Pyrgeometers and Pyrgeometers Traceable to World Infrared Standard Group and the InfraRed Integrating Sphere

The comparison of the Absolute Cavity Pyrgeometers (ACPs) Comparison with a PIR Pyrgeometer Traceable to the World Infrared Standard Group (WISG) and a Kipp & Zonen (KZ) pyrgeometer traceable to the InfraRed Integrating Sphere Radiometer (IRIS) was held during the NREL Pyrheliometer Comparison (NPC-2018) from September 24 to October 5, 2018. Data from all instruments was collected during night time clear sky conditions only. The irradiance measured by the ACPs and the PIR pyrgeometer traceable to the WISG were collected every 10 seconds during the ACPs self-calibration and every 30 seconds during the measurement runs. The measurement runs were for two hours while the calibration runs were for 6 minutes. The irradiance measured by the Kipp & Zonen pyrgeometer was collected every 30 seconds. During the comparison the average (av) irradiance difference measured by three ACPs varied from 0.2 W/m 2 to -0.5 W/m 2 , with a standard deviation (sd) from 0.5 W/m 2 to 0.8 W/m 2 . The average irradiance difference measured by the three ACPs minus the irradiance measured by the PIR is 4.3 W/m 2 and sd 4.2 W/m 2 , and that of measured irradiance by the KZ is 2.3 W/m 2 and sd 3.5 W/m 2 .

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗