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DOE OSTI2026

Visual Systems Mapping to Define and Compare Woody Biomass LCAs for Sustainable Systems

The challenge addressed in this research centres on the need to choose between several biomass sources and energy production processes, while supporting rural economies and resilience of forest systems. A key barrier to effective decision-making for strategies using biomass is the lack of standardized and transparent life cycle assessment (LCA) baselines. These baselines are critical for assessing the impacts of biomass strategies but often vary due to regional factors and chosen simplifying assumptions of the LCAs. However, omitting key variables can mean the LCA omits key feedback and balancing loops relevant to fully assessing impacts of the change or test scenario. To address these complexities, this project employs a systems engineering approach: visual systems mapping. This technique is used to define the boundaries and dynamic behaviours of LCA baselines, enhancing transparency. By examining five literature sources and their documented baseline scenarios, the systems mapping case-studies demonstrates an approach to documenting and archiving these baselines. Recommendations are that visual systems mapping should be used to document key assumptions, such as baselines, of LCAs. Further, where possible open data repositories should hold key information about LCA baselines and reproducible workflows (e.g., using open-source tools) should be used to improve transparency and comparability in LCAs. Given the consensus within the broader scientific community on the importance of replicable data practices, this research reinforces the need for standardized frameworks and systems engineering tools in LCAs. This research demonstrates a pathway to more transparent, standardized, and comparable LCAs, that may bolster decisions for biomass systems.

Davis, Maggie [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000181319328)↗

DOE OSTI2016

The Role of National Research and Education Networks Providing Connectivity and Advanced Network Services to Virtual Communities in Collaborative R&E Projects. CUDI: The Mexican Case Part 1, , In: ISUM 2015: High Performance Computer Applications

This paper describes the role of National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) and their aim to provide a seamless, large scale, high-speed, low-latency network to accelerate scientific and education discovery for national, regional or global collaborative projects that are dependent on the use of modern high performance distributed computing systems (HPDCS) to process mathematical models, produce new knowledge and drive innovation when resolving complex problems. NRENs have become the mainstream of communication and collaboration to integrate the efforts of large geographically distributed teams of Virtual Communities (VC) that - train, teach and learn-, -create, use and share- knowledge, data, information and communications technology resources (e.g. computer and information systems, middleware, tools, instruments, data sets, repositories, applications and services) building e-infrastructures necessary to meet the collaborative projects’ goals. The paper focuses on the current status of the Mexican NREN: CUDI, its future organization and political support, necessary to provide seamless, large scale, high-speed, low latency and secure national backbone and international links providing connectivity, advanced network services and technical support to VCs and their e-infrastructures in collaborative R&E projects within the country, the LAC region and worldwide.

Computer Science↗

DOE OSTI2019

Chemical durability of glasses

The chemical durability of silicate glasses has long been studied for many applications, in particular when glasses are subjected to environmental weathering and aqueous corrosion. Typical applications include optical instruments, glass vessels, radioactive waste confinement, and bone reparation. Glass corrosion involves ion exchange, water diffusion, network dissolution-recondensation, and secondary phase precipitation. These reactions may impact, among other things, the release of contaminants from waste glasses, and the glass mechanical, optical and catalytic properties. The glass corrosion mechanisms and alteration product formation have been well studied as a function of many environmental parameters (temperature, pH, water composition, etc.). The present chapter describes the general phenomena behind glass corrosion and details glass dissolution in aqueous conditions on one hand and glass vapor hydration on the other hand. The latter phenomenon has not received the same level of attention in the literature relative to the corrosion in aqueous solutions. Research and Development needs, in particular in complex systems such as radioactive waste geological repositories, are discussed in the conclusion of the chapter.

Abdelouas, Abdesselam↗

DOE OSTI2025

Increased inflammation as well as decreased endoplasmic reticulum stress and translation differentiate pancreatic islets from donors with pre-symptomatic stage 1 type 1 diabetes and non-diabetic donors

Aims/hypothesis Progression to type 1 diabetes is associated with genetic factors, the presence of autoantibodies and a decline in beta cell insulin secretion in response to glucose. Very little is known regarding the molecular changes that occur in human insulin-secreting beta cells prior to the onset of type 1 diabetes. Herein, we applied an unbiased proteomics approach to identify changes in proteins and potential mechanisms of islet dysfunction in islet-autoantibody-positive organ donors with pre-symptomatic stage 1 type 1 diabetes (HbA1c ≤42 mmol/mol [6.0%]). We aimed to identify pathways in islets that are indicative of beta cell dysfunction. Methods Multiple islet sections were collected through laser microdissection of frozen pancreatic tissues from organ donors positive for single or multiple islet autoantibodies (AAb + , n=5), and age (±2 years)- and sex-matched non-diabetic (ND) control donors (n=5) obtained from the Network for Pancreatic Organ donors with Diabetes (nPOD). Islet sections were subjected to MS-based proteomics and analysed with label-free quantification followed by pathway and functional annotations. Results Analyses resulted in ~4500 proteins identified with low false discovery rate (<1%), with 2165 proteins reliably quantified in every islet sample. We observed large inter-donor variations that presented a challenge for statistical analysis of proteome changes between donor groups. We therefore focused on only the donors with stage 1 type 1 diabetes who were positive for multiple autoantibodies (mAAb + , n=3) and genetic risk compared with their matched ND controls (n=3) for the final statistical analysis. Approximately 10% of the proteins (n=202) were significantly different (unadjusted p<0.025, q<0.15) for mAAb + vs ND donor islets. The significant alterations clustered around major functions for upregulation in the immune response and glycolysis, and downregulation in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response as well as protein translation and synthesis. The observed proteome changes were further supported by several independent published datasets, including a proteomics dataset from in vitro proinflammatory cytokine-treated human islets and single-cell RNA-seq datasets from AAb + individuals. Conclusions/interpretation In situ human islet proteome alterations in stage 1 type 1 diabetes centred around several major functional categories, including an expected increase in immune response genes (elevated antigen presentation/HLA), with decreases in protein synthesis and ER stress response, as well as compensatory metabolic response. The dataset serves as a proteomics resource for future studies on beta cell changes during type 1 diabetes progression and pathogenesis. Data availability The LC-MS raw datasets that support the findings of this study have been deposited in the online repository: MassIVE (https://massive.ucsd.edu/ProteoSAFe/static/massive.jsp) with accession no. MSV000090212.

Autoantibody-positive↗

DOE OSTI2015

Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Biological Tissue: An Approach for Multicenter Studies

Mass spectrometry imaging has become a popular tool for probing the chemical complexity of biological surfaces. This led to the development of a wide range of instrumentation and preparation protocols. It is thus desirable to evaluate and compare the data output from different methodologies and mass spectrometers. Here, we present an approach for the comparison of mass spectrometry imaging data from different laboratories (often referred to as multicenter studies). This is exemplified by the analysis of mouse brain sections in five laboratories in Europe and the USA. The instrumentation includes matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time-of-flight (TOF), MALDI-QTOF, MALDIFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR), atmospheric-pressure (AP)-MALDI-Orbitrap, and cluster TOF-secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Experimental parameters such as measurement speed, imaging bin width, and mass spectrometric parameters are discussed. All datasets were converted to the standard data format imzML and displayed in a common open-source software with identical parameters for visualization, which facilitates direct comparison of MS images. The imzML conversion also allowed exchange of fully functional MS imaging datasets between the different laboratories. The experiments ranged from overview measurements of the full mouse brain to detailed analysis of smaller features (depending on spatial resolution settings), but common histological features such as the corpus callosum were visible in all measurements. High spatial resolution measurements of AP-MALDI-Orbitrap and TOF-SIMS showed comparable structures in the low-micrometer range. We discuss general considerations for planning and performing multicenter studies in mass spectrometry imaging. This includes details on the selection, distribution, and preparation of tissue samples as well as on data handling. Such multicenter studies in combination with ongoing activities for reporting guidelines, a common data format (imzML) and a public data repository can contribute to more reliability and transparency of MS imaging studies.

Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory↗

DOE OSTI2011

Importance of Data Management in a Long-term Biological Monitoring Program

The long-term Biological Monitoring and Abatement Program (BMAP) has always needed to collect and retain high-quality data on which to base its assessments of ecological status of streams and their recovery after remediation. Its formal quality assurance, data processing, and data management components all contribute to this need. The Quality Assurance Program comprehensively addresses requirements from various institutions, funders, and regulators, and includes a data management component. Centralized data management began a few years into the program. An existing relational database was adapted and extended to handle biological data. Data modeling enabled the program's database to process, store, and retrieve its data. The data base's main data tables and several key reference tables are described. One of the most important related activities supporting long-term analyses was the establishing of standards for sampling site names, taxonomic identification, flagging, and other components. There are limitations. Some types of program data were not easily accommodated in the central systems, and many possible data-sharing and integration options are not easily accessible to investigators. The implemented relational database supports the transmittal of data to the Oak Ridge Environmental Information System (OREIS) as the permanent repository. From our experience we offer data management advice to other biologically oriented long-term environmental sampling and analysis programs.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2015

Experimental determination of lead carbonate solubility at high ionic strengths: A Pitzer model description

In this article, solubility measurements of lead carbonate, PbCO 3 (cr), cerussite, as a function of total ionic strengths are conducted in the mixtures of NaCl and NaHCO 3 up to I = 1.2 mol•kg –1 and in the mixtures of NaHCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 up to I = 5.2 mol•kg –1 , at room temperature (22.5 ± 0.5 °C). The solubility constant (log K sp ) for cerussite, PbCO 3 (cr) = Pb 2+ + CO 3 2- was determined as –13.76 ± 0.15 (2σ) with a set of Pitzer parameters describing the specific interactions of PbCO 3 (aq), Pb(CO 3 ) 2 2- , and Pb(CO 3 )Cl – with the bulk-supporting electrolytes, based on the Pitzer model. The model developed in this work can reproduce the experimental results including model-independent solubility values from the literature over a wide range of ionic strengths with satisfactory accuracy. The model is expected to find applications in numerous fields, including the accurate description of chemical behavior of lead in geological repositories, the modeling of formation of oxidized Pb–Zn ore deposits, and the environmental remediation of lead contamination.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2018

Characterization of a fluvial aquifer at a range of depths and scales: the Triassic St Bees Sandstone Formation, Cumbria, UK

Fluvial sedimentary successions represent porous media that host groundwater and geothermal resources. Additionally, they overlie crystalline rocks hosting nuclear waste repositories in rift settings. The permeability characteristics of an arenaceous fluvial succession, the Triassic St Bees Sandstone Formation in England (UK), are described, from core-plug to well-test scale up to ~1 km depth. Within such lithified successions, dissolution associated with the circulation of meteoric water results in increased permeability (K~10{sup −1}–10{sup 0} m/day) to depths of at least 150 m below ground level (BGL) in aquifer systems that are subject to rapid groundwater circulation. Thus, contaminant transport is likely to occur at relatively high rates. In a deeper investigation (> 150 m depth), where the aquifer has not been subjected to rapid groundwater circulation, well-test-scale hydraulic conductivity is lower, decreasing from K~10{sup −2} m/day at 150–400 m BGL to 10{sup −3} m/day down-dip at ~1 km BGL, where the pore fluid is hypersaline. Here, pore-scale permeability becomes progressively dominant with increasing lithostatic load. Notably, this work investigates a sandstone aquifer of fluvial origin at investigation depths consistent with highly enthalpy geothermal reservoirs (~0.7–1.1 km). At such depths, intergranular flow dominates in unfaulted areas with only minor contribution by bedding plane fractures. However, extensional faults represent preferential flow pathways, due to presence of high connective open fractures. Therefore, such faults may (1) drive nuclear waste contaminants towards the highly permeable shallow (< 150 m BGL) zone of the aquifer, and (2) influence fluid recovery in geothermal fields.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2018

Leaching of Degraded Preservative Matrices, Based on Sodium Aluminophosphate Glasses, for High-Level Wastes

The chemical stability of vitrified high-level nuclear industry wastes in contact with water was studied experimentally in application to underground disposal of the wastes. The experiments were performed on samples of sodium aluminophosphate glass used in industrial solidification of wastes. Stable isotopes of strontium, cesium, uranium, and rare-earth elements as geochemical analogs of actinides were introduced into the glass to simulate radionuclides. It was observed that water vapor affects the degradation of the glass when vitrified wastes are placed in temporary repositories. It is shown that as a result of the degradation the rate of leaching of the glass in water increases significantly. In addition, a substantial portion of radionuclide simulators in colloidal form goes into the water medium.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2014

Implementation and evaluation of permeability-porosity and tortuosity-porosity relationships linked to mineral dissolution-precipitation

Changes of porosity, permeability, and tortuosity due to physical and geochemical processes are of vital importance for a variety of hydrogeological systems, including passive treatment facilities for contaminated groundwater, engineered barrier systems (EBS), and host rocks for high-level nuclear waste (HLW) repositories. Due to the nonlinear nature and chemical complexity of the problem, in most cases, it is impossible to verify reactive transport codes analytically, and code intercomparisons are the most suitable method to assess code capabilities and model performance. This paper summarizes model intercomparisons for six hypothetical scenarios with generally increasing geochemical or physical complexity using the reactive transport codes CrunchFlow, HP1, MIN 3 P, PFlotran, and TOUGHREACT. Benchmark problems include the enhancement of porosity and permeability through mineral dissolution, as well as near complete clogging due to localized mineral precipitation, leading to reduction of permeability and tortuosity. Processes considered in the benchmark simulations are advective-dispersive transport in saturated media, kinetically controlled mineral dissolution-precipitation, and aqueous complexation. Porosity changes are induced by mineral dissolution-precipitation reactions, and the Carman-Kozeny relationship is used to describe changes in permeability as a function of porosity. Archie’s law is used to update the tortuosity and the pore diffusion coefficient as a function of porosity. Results demonstrate that, generally, good agreement is reached amongst the computer models despite significant differences in model formulations. As a result, some differences are observed, in particular for the more complex scenarios involving clogging; however, these differences do not affect the interpretation of system behavior and evolution.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2015

Particle tracking approach for transport in three-dimensional discrete fracture networks: Particle tracking in 3-D DFNs

The discrete fracture network (DFN) model is a method to mimic discrete pathways for fluid flow through a fractured low-permeable rock mass, and may be combined with particle tracking simulations to address solute transport. However, experience has shown that it is challenging to obtain accurate transport results in three-dimensional DFNs because of the high computational burden and difficulty in constructing a high-quality unstructured computational mesh on simulated fractures. We present a new particle tracking capability, which is adapted to control volume (Voronoi polygons) flow solutions on unstructured grids (Delaunay triangulations) on three-dimensional DFNs. The locally mass-conserving finite-volume approach eliminates mass balance-related problems during particle tracking. The scalar fluxes calculated for each control volume face by the flow solver are used to reconstruct a Darcy velocity at each control volume centroid. The groundwater velocities can then be continuously interpolated to any point in the domain of interest. The control volumes at fracture intersections are split into four pieces, and the velocity is reconstructed independently on each piece, which results in multiple groundwater velocities at the intersection, one for each fracture on each side of the intersection line. This technique enables detailed particle transport representation through a complex DFN structure. Verified for small DFNs, the new simulation capability enables numerical experiments on advective transport in large DFNs to be performed. As a result, we demonstrate this particle transport approach on a DFN model using parameters similar to those of crystalline rock at a proposed geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel in Forsmark, Sweden.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2021

An empirical investigation of organic software product lines

Abstract Software product line engineering is a best practice for managing reuse in families of software systems that is increasingly being applied to novel and emerging domains. In this work we investigate the use of software product line engineering in one of these new domains, synthetic biology. In synthetic biology living organisms are programmed to perform new functions or improve existing functions. These programs are designed and constructed using small building blocks made out of DNA. We conjecture that there are families of products that consist of common and variable DNA parts, and we can leverage product line engineering to help synthetic biologists build, evolve, and reuse DNA parts. In this paper we perform an investigation of domain engineering that leverages an open-source repository of more than 45,000 reusable DNA parts. We show the feasibility of these new types of product line models by identifying features and related artifacts in up to 93.5% of products, and that there is indeed both commonality and variability. We then construct feature models for four commonly engineered functions leading to product lines ranging from 10 to 7.5 × 10 20 products. In a case study we demonstrate how we can use the feature models to help guide new experimentation in aspects of application engineering. Finally, in an empirical study we demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of automated reverse engineering on both complete and incomplete sets of products. In the process of these studies, we highlight key challenges and uncovered limitations of existing SPL techniques and tools which provide a roadmap for making SPL engineering applicable to new and emerging domains.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2012

The Geomechanics of CO 2 Storage in Deep Sedimentary Formations

This study provides a review of the geomechanics and modeling of geomechanics associated with geologic carbon storage (GCS), focusing on storage in deep sedimentary formations, in particular saline aquifers. The paper first introduces the concept of storage in deep sedimentary formations, the geomechanical processes and issues related with such an operation, and the relevant geomechanical modeling tools. This is followed by a more detailed review of geomechanical aspects, including reservoir stress-strain and microseismicity, well integrity, caprock sealing performance, and the potential for fault reactivation and notable (felt) seismic events. Geomechanical observations at current GCS field deployments, mainly at the In Salah CO 2 storage project in Algeria, are also integrated into the review. The In Salah project, with its injection into a relatively thin, low-permeability sandstone is an excellent analogue to the saline aquifers that might be used for large scale GCS in parts of Northwest Europe, the U.S. Midwest, and China. Some of the lessons learned at In Salah related to geomechanics are discussed, including how monitoring of geomechanical responses is used for detecting subsurface geomechanical changes and tracking fluid movements, and how such monitoring and geomechanical analyses have led to preventative changes in the injection parameters. Recently, the importance of geomechanics has become more widely recognized among GCS stakeholders, especially with respect to the potential for triggering notable (felt) seismic events and how such events could impact the long-term integrity of a CO 2 repository (as well as how it could impact the public perception of GCS). As described in the paper, to date, no notable seismic event has been reported from any of the current CO 2 storage projects, although some unfelt microseismic activities have been detected by geophones. However, potential future commercial GCS operations from large power plants will require injection at a much larger scale. In conclusion, for such large-scale injections, a staged, learn-as-you-go approach is recommended, involving a gradual increase of injection rates combined with continuous monitoring of geomechanical changes, as well as siting beneath a multiple layered overburden for multiple flow barrier protection, should an unexpected deep fault reactivation occur.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2011

Integrating semantic web technologies and geospatial catalog services for geospatial information discovery and processing in cyberinfrastructure

Abstract A geospatial catalogue service provides a network-based meta-information repository and interface for advertising and discovering shared geospatial data and services. Descriptive information (i.e., metadata) for geospatial data and services is structured and organized in catalogue services. The approaches currently available for searching and using that information are often inadequate. Semantic Web technologies show promise for better discovery methods by exploiting the underlying semantics. Such development needs special attention from the Cyberinfrastructure perspective, so that the traditional focus on discovery of and access to geospatial data can be expanded to support the increased demand for processing of geospatial information and discovery of knowledge. Semantic descriptions for geospatial data, services, and geoprocessing service chains are structured, organized, and registered through extending elements in the ebXML Registry Information Model (ebRIM) of a geospatial catalogue service, which follows the interface specifications of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Catalogue Services for the Web (CSW). The process models for geoprocessing service chains, as a type of geospatial knowledge, are captured, registered, and discoverable. Semantics-enhanced discovery for geospatial data, services/service chains, and process models is described. Semantic search middleware that can support virtual data product materialization is developed for the geospatial catalogue service. The creation of such a semantics-enhanced geospatial catalogue service is important in meeting the demands for geospatial information discovery and analysis in Cyberinfrastructure.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2013

Numerical-Model Investigation of the Hydrothermal Regime of a Straight-Through Shallow Cooling Pond

A mathematic model based on solution of hydrodynamics and heat-transfer equations by the finite-element method is constructed to predict the hydrothermal regime of a straight-through shallow cooling pond, which provides cooling circulating water to a repository of spent nuclear fuel. Numerical experiments made it possible to evaluate the influence exerted by wind conditions and flow rate of water in the river on the temperature of the circulating water.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2022

A Scalable Space-Time Domain Decomposition Approach for Solving Large Scale Nonlinear Regularized Inverse Ill Posed Problems in 4D Variational Data Assimilation

We address the development of innovative algorithms designed to solve the strong-constraint Four Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation (4DVar DA) problems in large scale applications. We present a space-time decomposition approach which employs the whole domain decomposition, i.e. both along the spacial and temporal direction in the overlapping case, and the partitioning of both the solution and the operator. Starting from the global functional defined on the entire domain, we get to a sort of regularized local functionals on the set of sub domains providing the order reduction of both the predictive and the Data Assimilation models. The algorithm convergence is developed. Performance in terms of reduction of time complexity and algorithmic scalability is discussed on the Shallow Water Equations on the sphere. The number of state variables in the model, the number of observations in an assimilation cycle, as well as numerical parameters as the discretization step in time and in space domain are defined on the basis of discretization grid used by data available at repository Ocean Synthesis/Reanalysis Directory of Hamburg University.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2020

Sol–gel synthesis of iodosodalite precursors and subsequent consolidation with a glass binder made from oxides and sol–gel routes

Radioiodine accumulates in aqueous solutions and off-gas streams during nuclear fuel reprocessing due to its solubility in aqueous solutions and volatility, respectively. Additionally, radioiodine is highly mobile in geological environments and iodine-129 has been found to be one of the largest long-term contributors to chronic dose to humans in scenarios of radionuclide migration from geological repositories. Most of the radioiodine can be captured during fuel reprocessing in off-gas streams using solid sorbents and scrubbing solutions. Once iodine is captured, it must be stored in a durable form for eventual disposal. Iodosodalite has been investigated as a waste form for radioiodine, however these synthesis processes typically result in mixed products and iodine volatilization during consolidation. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel approach to synthesizing iodosodalite utilizing a sol-gel method. This method was chosen to lower processing temperatures and improve product yield. Preliminary experiments conducted to determine the viability of this synthetic method are presented. Additionally, consolidation of sol-gel derived iodosodalite with a glass-binder was explored using three different methods: 1) incorporating the glass-binder during gel preparation using alkoxide precursors; 2) separately preparing the glass binder using a sol-gel method; and 3) separately preparing the glass-binder using a melt-quench technique. Glass-bonded iodosodalite was successfully synthesized using these novel sol-gel approaches.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2019

Geohydrodynamic Parameters and Their Implications on the Coastal Conservation: A Case Study of Abak Local Government Area (LGA), Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria

A total of 14 vertical electrical soundings using Schlumberger electrode configuration and the complementary laboratory analysis of aquifer samples were carried out in the Abak Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, the coastal region of Nigeria. The study focused on the estimation of geohydrodynamic parameters of the frequently exploited aquifers and the implication of hydrodynamic parameters on the lithostratigraphy and the anticipated exposure of the assessed geologic formation at the shorelines. These parameters were porosity (&straightphi;), tortuosity (τ), formation factor (F), aquifer water formation resistivity (R{sub w}) and coefficient of permeability/hydraulic conductivity (K). Computation of the effective porosities from the aquifer cuttings was carried out using wet weight–dry weight technique and petrophysical techniques. The F values were computed using the aquifer formation bulk resistivity measured from field 1-D resistivity data analysis, whose interpretation was constrained by nearby borehole information. The formation pore water resistivities were estimated from the laboratory using electrical resistivity metre. The Win RESIST software program was used in interpreting the field data electronically. The results of interpretation gave the primary parameters of saturated and unsaturated units of the coastal regions used in this work. The area generally shows seemingly high porosity with high coefficient of permeability. The primary and secondary parameters have been contoured to model their distributions. Besides, some functional relations have been realized through regression analyses. The contour distribution of the geohydrodynamic parameters indicates the vulnerability of the water repositories to contaminations as well as the vulnerability of the shoreline to waterborne erosion. The seemingly high effective porosity in the compliant laboratory and calculated values indicate that the coastal region is neither lithified nor compacted/consolidated. This signals the possibility of the formation to be easily eroded, weathered or flooded where these units are exposed to water current. With these revelations, the shorelines could be properly managed and conserved by geotechnically reinforcing with hard and water-resistant concrete that can protect the vulnerable and erosion-prone porous sediments.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗