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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,747 records · Page 97
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Graphene nanosheets decorated with tunable magnetic nanoparticles and their efficiency of wastewater treatment

Highlights: • Magnetic graphene/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocomposites were synthesized by a facile and fast one-pot method. • The sizes of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocrystals can be controlled by the weight ratio of GO to Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}. • The graphene/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} hybrid structures are highly efficient in purification of wastewater. • The decline in efficiencies of graphene/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} is not more than 1.5% after five cycling runs. - Abstract: Magnetic graphene–Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocomposites (G/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}) were fabricated by a facile and fast one-pot method and used as adsorbent to remove dye for wastewater using Rhodamine B as the adsorbate. Samples with different weight ratios of graphene oxide (GO) to Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} were prepared. The transmission electron microscopy results exhibit that the sizes of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocrystals decrease with the increasing of weight ratio of GO to Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}. The magnetic characterization demonstrates that the saturation magnetization of nanocomposites decreases with the decreasing sizes of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocrystals. The investigation of adsorption kinetics and isotherm indicates the adsorption process can be described by Langmuir model and nanocomposites with the smaller sizes of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles show better adsorption ability. Furthermore, the adsorbents could be recovered conveniently by magnetic separation and recyclable used after desorption process, and the decline in efficiencies of all samples is not more than 1.5% after five cycling runs.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

An efficient visible-light photocatalyst prepared by modifying AgBr particles with a small amount of activated carbon

Highlights: • An efficient visible-light photocatalyst was prepared by modifying AgBr particles. • A small amount of activated carbon was used to modify AgBr particles. • The modified AgBr exhibited improved visible-light photocatalytic performances. - Abstract: An efficient visible-light photocatalyst was successfully prepared by modifying AgBr particles with a small amount of activated carbon (AC) via a simple chemical precipitation approach. The AC/AgBr composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic performances of the AC/AgBr composite were investigated by evaluating photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) and phenol under visible light irradiation, and the effects of the AC content in the composite, concentrations of AC/AgBr composite and MO, carrier scavengers on MO photodegradation rate were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the modification of AC can hardly change the crystalline and crystal size of AgBr particles, while significantly improve their specific surface areas, visible-light absorption and separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Compared with pure AgBr, the AC/AgBr composite exhibited drastically enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity and stability. The photogenerated electrons and holes, hydroxyl radicals are responsible to the photodegradation of organic pollutants, and the photogenerated holes are the main active species. On the basis of the results and the properties of AC and AgBr, the visible-light photocatalytic mechanism of the AC/AgBr composite was discussed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Synthesis of black TiO2 with efficient visible-light photocatalytic activity by ultraviolet light irradiation and low temperature annealing

Highlights: • In this work, we have prepared black titanium dioxide (B-TiO{sub 2}) nanoparticals in combination with ultraviolet light and low temperature annealing. This method is simple, efficient and environmentally friendly. • The synthesis mechanism of the black B-TiO{sub 2} nanomaterials was analyzed by combining the different characterization data with the first-principles calculation results. • The Ti-O lattice and structure of the B-TiO{sub 2} sample did not change after low-temperature annealing. • The process of H-doping results in a reduction of the localized Ti{sup 3+} states, that are also the recombination centers of excited electrons and holes. • These nanoparticles can absorb a amount of visible light and degrade the organic pollution. - Abstract: Herein, a simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly strategy to prepare black TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles has been reported; the procedure combines the ultraviolet light irradiation and low-temperature annealing (300 °C) with continuous N{sub 2} flow under atmospheric pressure. The samples were characterized by the various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microcopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic degradation of the organic contaminant Rhodamine B was investigated when black TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles was irradiaed with ultraviolet light and visible light. The black TiO{sub 2} material possesses an anatase phase and is able to absorb a high amount of photon energy in the visible light region, effectively driving photochemical degradation reactions. The enhancement of the photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the following: first, the hydrogen ions decrease the localized Ti{sup 3+} states (which are also the e{sup −}-h{sup +} recombination centers) leading to a more efficient separation of the electron-hole pairs; secondly, the conduction band electrons in black TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles are responsible for strong absorption of visible light. Consequently, the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B can be significantly enhanced using black TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles. This work proves that hydrogenated black TiO{sub 2} promotes the absorption of the entire electromagnetic spectrum and exhibits high photocatalytic activity under solar light irradiation.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

CdS quantum dots/Ti3+-TiO2 nanobelts heterojunctions as efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts

Highlights: • A novel CdS QDs/Ti{sup 3+}-TiO{sub 2} nanobelts heterojunction photocatalyst is prepared. • It narrows the bandgap and extends the photoresponse to visible light region. • It exhibits excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance. • It is due to synergistic effect of CdS QDs, Ti{sup 3+} self-doping and heterojunction. - Abstract: CdS quantum dots (QDs)/Ti{sup 3+}-TiO{sub 2} nanobelts heterojunctions as 0D/1D architectures are fabricated through hydrothermal-chemical bath deposition combine with in-situ solid-state chemical reduction approach. The CdS QDs of ∼7 nm are loaded on TiO{sub 2} nanobelts with width of 50–300 nm and several micrometers long, and the heterojunctions are formed efficiently. The prepared heterojunctions exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance for complete removal of methylene blue (∼99%) and hydrogen production efficiency (∼480.6 μmol h{sup −1}) under visible light irradiation, which are as high as 2 and 23 times than that of pristine TiO{sub 2} nanobelts. The enhancement is attributed to the Ti{sup 3+} self-doping and CdS QDs extend the photoresponse to visible light region and the formation of heterojunctions favor the spatial separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Therefore, the high-efficient 0D/1D heterojunction composites have potential applications in the field of environment and energy.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Highly stable and efficient hybrid perovskite solar cells improved with conductive polyanilines

Highlights: • MAPbI{sub 3} perovskite film has been fabricated and modified with polyanilines for highly stable and efficient solar cells. • For the C-PNAI modified perovskite solar cells, a PCE enhanced from 7.91% to 9.43% as the fill factor improved. • The C-PNAI surfaces of perovskite film assists in the hole transport to the conductive carbon in the device. • The improved stability is attributed to the –NH{sub 2}{sup +}– of C-PNAI cations on the surface of the perovskites. - Abstract: Methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI{sub 3}) perovskite film has been fabricated and modified with conductive polyanilines (C- PANI) and demonstrated for highly stable and efficient solar cells. For the C-PANI modified perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the average short circuit current density increased by 13.8% compared with pristine perovskite film (i.e., from 15.9 to 18.1 mA/cm{sup 2}) and the fill factor also improved, eventually leading to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) enhancement from 7.91% to 9.43% with high reproducibility. The C-PANI acts as a scaffold for crystallization of the perovskite layer, and improves the perovskite photovoltaic performance and stability, attributed to the favorable interfacial interaction between –NH{sub 2}{sup +}– groups of C-PANI and I{sup −} of MAPbI{sub 3} perovskite. The C-PANI-rich surfaces of MAPbI{sub 3}/PNAI perovskite film may also assists in the hole transport to the conductive carbon in the device. This work demonstrates that C-PANI can enhance the PCE and stability of PSCs.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Fabrication of high efficiency perovskite solar cells based on mesoporous TiO2 nanofibrous film under high humidity conditions

Highlights: • 1D TiO{sub 2} nanofibrous film was prepared by electrospinning technique as mesoporous of PSCs. • PSCs were fabricated under ambient conditions even with a high humidity condition more than 40%. • The 1D TiO{sub 2} nanofiber-based PSCs achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) about 11.6% compared with 7.5% whereas the 0D TiO{sub 2} nanoparticle-based PSCs only has 7.5%. - Abstract: One-dimensional (1D) TiO{sub 2} nanofibrous film with good morphology and electrical characteristics was prepared by electrospinning technique. And then perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated based on 2-μm-thick mesoporous TiO{sub 2} nanofibrous film under ambient conditions even with a high humidity condition more than 40%. The devices show high power conversion efficiency (PCE) due to high porosity that is beneficial to the loading of CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} perovskite layer. This high-porosity 1D TiO{sub 2} nanofibrous film also acts as a protection layer which can enhance the moisture stability of CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3}. As a result, conversion efficiency of 11.6% and short-circuit current density (J{sub sc}) of 17.3 mA were achieved under 100 mW cm{sup −2} AM 1.5 G solar illumination. These two values are both higher than those of zero-dimensional (0D) TiO{sub 2} nanoparticulate film-based devices.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

High-Efficiency Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells: Materials, Devices and Applications

Photovoltaic (PV) technology offers an economic and sustainable solution to the challenge of increasing energy demand in times of global warming. The world PV market is currently dominated by the homo-junction crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV technology based on high temperature diffused p-n junctions, featuring a low power conversion efficiency (PCE). Recent years have seen the successful development of Si heterojunction technologies, boosting the PCE of c-Si solar cells over 26%. This article reviews the development status of high-efficiency c-Si heterojunction solar cells, from the materials to devices, mainly including hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) based silicon heterojunction technology, polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) based carrier selective passivating contact technology, metal compounds and organic materials based dopant-free passivating contact technology. The application of silicon heterojunction solar cells for ultra-high efficiency perovskite/c-Si and III-V/c-Si tandem devices is also reviewed. In the last, the perspective, challenge and potential solutions of silicon heterojunction solar cells, as well as the tandem solar cells are discussed.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

All-in-one bipolar electrode: A new concept for compact and efficient water electrolyzers

Highly compact and efficient proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells (PEMECs) are strongly desired for commercializing hydrogen production. Here, a novel concept of all-in-one bipolar electrode (AIOBE) is proposed for high-efficiency and compact PEMECs with the help of 3D printing and sputtering coating. AIOBE ideally integrated catalyst layer (CL)/gas diffusion layer/bipolar plate/current distributor/gasket, which significantly reduced component quantity on the cathode side of PEMECs from 5 to 1, cut down on part weight and volume, and drastically accelerated the fabrication and maintenance processes. Moreover, AIOBE with the micro-scale flat surface and nano-scale rough CL provided an ultralow ohmic resistance (~100 mOhm cm 2 ) and a high catalyst utilization. Finally, AIOBE delivered a practical voltage of 1.62 V and a high energy efficiency of 91% at 1000 mA/cm 2 , and its mass activity (4.48 A/mg Pt ) was 14 times higher than conventional PEMECs. In conclusion, this work provides a new route for developing highly compact electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells, electrolyzers for N 2 reduction and CO 2 conversion, and many more.

3D printing↗
DOE OSTI2022

Optimizing spectral and morphological match of nonfullerene acceptors toward efficient indoor organic photovoltaics with enhanced light source adaptability

High-performance indoor organic photovoltaics (IOPV) require large-bandgap material systems to absorb visible light efficiently and reduce energy loss. However, state-of-the-art non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have absorptions in the near-infrared region and are thus not suitable for IOPV applications. Herein, we report a series of large-bandgap (>1.70 eV) NFAs named FCC-Cl-C8, FCC-Cl-4Ph and FCC-Cl-6Ph by modifying the alkyl side chains with alkylphenyl chains partially or completely. Results show that the bulky alkylphenyl side chains can finely tune the absorption properties of the NFAs and also affect their morphological properties. Interestingly, the best-performing NFA is the one (named FCC-Cl-4Ph) with partial alkyl and alkylphenyl substitutions, which blue-shift the absorption of the NFAs while minimizing the negative morphological effect of the bulky alkylphenyl chains. As a result, FCC-Cl-4Ph can achieve excellent indoor efficiencies over 29% under a 3000 K LED lamp at 1000 lux and show better solution processability over FCC-Cl-C8. More importantly, FCC-Cl-4Ph can maintain high indoor performance (29.7–26.8% at 1000 lux) under a wide range of indoor lighting spectra (2600, 3000, 4000, and 6500 K LED lamps), which should be due to the blue-shifted spectra of FCC-Cl-4Ph and better matching with various indoor conditions. Finally, this work reveals an interesting structure-property relationship and offers useful strategies for the further design of NFAs toward efficient IOPV devices.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

The impact of interface bonding efficiency on high-burnup spent nuclear fuel dynamic performance

Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to investigate the impact of interfacial bonding efficiency at pellet-pellet and pellet-clad interfaces of high-burnup (HBU) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) on system dynamic performance. Bending moments M were applied to FEA model to evaluate the system responses. From bending curvature, κ, flexural rigidity EI can be estimated as EI = M/κ. The FEA simulation results were benchmarked with experimental results from cyclic integrated reversal bending fatigue test (CIRFT) of HBR fuel rods. The consequence of interface debonding between fuel pellets and cladding is a redistribution of the loads carried by the fuel pellets to the clad, which results in a reduction in composite rod system flexural rigidity. Furthermore, the interface bonding efficiency at the pellet-pellet and pellet-clad interfaces can significantly dictate the SNF system dynamic performance. With the consideration of interface bonding efficiency, the HBU SNF fuel property was estimated with CIRFT test data.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Efficiency corrections for factorial moments and cumulants of overlapping sets of particles

In this note we discuss subtleties associated with the efficiency corrections for measurements of off-diagonal cumulants and factorial moments for a situation when one deals with overlapping sets of particles, such as correlations between numbers of protons and positively charged particles. In particular, we discuss the situation commonly encountered in heavy-ion experiments, where first all charges are reconstructed and then protons are selected from these charges by an additional particle identification procedure. We present the efficiency correction formulas for the case when the detection efficiencies follow a binomial distribution.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Efficient and stable perovskite solar cells based on blade-coated CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 thin films fabricated using “green” solvents under ambient conditions

Metal halide perovskites are considered the most promising candidates for solar cells of the decade due to their exceptional optical and electronic properties. The power conversion efficiency of metal halide perovskites, when incorporated as the active layer of solar cells, has become comparable to that observed for conventional silicon solar cells. However, the stability, scaleup, green solvent usage, and fabrication in ambient conditions of metal halide perovskites need to be solved for commercial applications. Here, in this work, we report the fabrication of blade-coated methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) perovskite thin films using methylamine and acetonitrile as “green” solvents under ambient conditions. Our perovskite films are initially prepared from low purity PbI2 (99%) and are blade-coated in dry air at relative humidity (RH) levels above 30%. A significant advantage of fabricating our perovskite thin films via blade-coating protocols is that there is a minimal amount of precursors (5 μL) used compared to spin-coating methods (50μL–60μL) for a 4 cm 2 substrate. With the addition of a small amount of an organic halide salt, namely, phenethylammonium chloride, the film crystallinity is improved and non-radiative recombination is suppressed, resulting in power conversion efficiencies over 20%. In addition, the device maintains more than 95% of its initial efficiency after 500 h under continuous light illumination of 1-sun at open circuit conditions, 50 °C and 60% RH. The above method leads a path towards the commercial fabrication of perovskite solar cells.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Assessment of the polygeneration approach in wastewater treatment plants for enhanced energy efficiency and green hydrogen/ammonia production

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) offer opportunities to optimize resource utilization and enhance energy efficiency. Here, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of using the polygeneration approach in WWTPs to reduce grid energy dependence, optimize energy distribution, and utilize surplus energy for hydrogen (H 2 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ) production. Several models were employed, including photovoltaic (PV) cells, parabolic trough collectors (PTCs), steam methane reforming, and polymer electrolyte membranes, to assess the feasibility of this approach. Three scenarios were evaluated and compared: Scenario 1 (Baseline) represents the current situation, Scenario 2 maximizes the Net Present Value (NPV), and Scenario 3 minimizes NH 3 production costs. Real data from As-Samra WWTP in Jordan was used to accurately assess the feasibility of each scenario. The results show that Scenario 2 offers the highest profitability and efficiency, with a NPV of 87.48 million USD and an annual NH 3 production of 15,417 tons, reducing both grid dependency and biogas fuel consumption. Both Scenarios 2 and 3 demonstrate the ability to meet thermal demands efficiently while generating significant revenue from NH 3 production. Scenario 3, in particular, achieves competitive H 2 and NH 3 production costs. Environmentally, Scenario 2 significantly reduces annual greenhouse gas emissions by 12.66 kilotons of CO 2eq , with near-zero carbon intensity for thermal energy due to solar reliance. In conclusion, the polygeneration approach offers a promising pathway for WWTPs to achieve greater sustainability, economic gains, and reduced environmental impact, providing valuable insights for decision-makers.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Ultra-fast microwave regeneration of CO 2 solid sorbents for energy-efficient direct air capture

Large-scale deployment of direct air capture (DAC) technologies has become critical for mitigating climate change. Towards this end, energy-efficient regeneration of the sorbents used in the process of carbon capture from air is very important to significantly reduce the high operational cost of DAC. Guanidine compounds can be used with environmentally friendly aqueous amino acids (e.g., potassium sarcosinate) for fast and effective CO 2 capture from air, and have a strong potential for low-energy CO 2 release and sorbent regeneration. In this process, the amino acid absorbs the CO 2 from the air, and the guanidine compounds react with the CO 2 -rich amino acid solution and crystallize as an insoluble carbonate salt. Separation and thermal regeneration of the precipitated guanidine carbonate salt leads to an overall low-temperature and low-energy direct air capture process. Effective CO 2 release from the solid guanidine compound can be achieved by mild heating at 120 °C. Here, in this study, to overcome the relatively inefficient traditional conductive heating of the crystalline solid (i.e., Methylglyoxal-bis(iminoguanidine) carbonate, MGBIG carbonate), we evaluated the feasibility of microwave heating of MGBIG carbonate in terms of power requirement, radiation time, and solids mass for efficient CO 2 desorption. The energy consumption needed by a microwave oven and a conventional oven to regenerate the same mass of the sorbent was directly measured to compare the total energy required per unit mass of regenerated sample and provide an understanding of the potential benefits of microwave regeneration. We found that microwave heating effectively regenerates MGBIG carbonate, which may be facilitated by the water molecules that are co-crystallized with carbonate in the guanidine crystals. Microwave heating at 2.54 GHz with 1250 W is up to 17 times faster than conventional conductive heating at 160 °C, resulting in 40 % electrical energy reduction. These results indicate that microwave regeneration may be an energy-efficient method for fast regeneration of solid sorbents used for direct air capture.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Copper iodide nanoparticles as a hole transport layer to CdTe photovoltaics: 5.5 % efficient back-illuminated bifacial CdTe solar cells

We report the role of copper iodide (CuI) nanoparticles (NPs) as a hole transport layer (HTL) in cadmium sulfide/cadmium telluride (CdS/CdTe) photovoltaics. These CuI NPs were prepared using solution processing at room temperature and used to fabricate monofacial and bifacial CdTe solar cells with different back contacts. Using CuI/Au as the back contact, the device efficiency reached to 14.8% with outstanding fill factor (FF) of 79.2%. Replacing the gold (Au) electrode with sputtered transparent indium tin oxide (ITO), a CuI/ITO back contact yielded photoconversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 11.6% and 5.5% under front and back illumination respectively. Bifacial devices (CdTe/ITO) without the CuI NP HTL have an efficiency of 7.0% and 1.0% for front and back illumination, respectively. For CuI/ITO, a current collection of 12.0 mAcm -2 was observed upon back illumination which significantly improved over an ITO-only back contact (5.0 mAcm -2 ). The PCE obtained from back illumination was enhanced when using CuI NPs as the HTL due to the reduced back barrier height, and improved back interface as determined by temperature dependent current vs. voltage characteristics and impedance spectroscopy analysis. The improvement in device performance of the bifacial configuration is a significant step forward toward realizing thin film photovoltaic modules which harvest energy incident on the rear of the module.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Significant improvement of conversion efficiency by passivation of low-angle grain boundaries in flexible low-cost single-crystal-like GaAs thin-film solar cells directly deposited on metal tape

We develop an easily implementable yet effective process to achieve high power conversion efficiency in newly-developed flexible single-crystal-like GaAs thin-film photovoltaic solar cells on cheap metal tape. We study various techniques on the fabricated devices to passivate the defect states associated with dangling bonds at low-angle grain boundaries (LA-GBs) existing in the single-crystal-like GaAs material. We report that sulfur by trioctylphosphine sulfide (TOP:S) solution treatment can partially but effectively passivate the defect states at the LA-GBs to increase all the solar cell performance parameters of open-circuit voltage VOC (33.2%), short-circuit current JSC (19.5%), and fill factor FF (25.8%), resulting in the improvement of the power conversion efficiency more than double. The material and device characterizations and numerical modeling are performed to propose a mechanism, also suggesting that the power conversion efficiency higher than 20%, which is an important target milestone in emerging solar cell technologies, can be achieved. This work presents the first effective passivation of the bulk defects in GaAs at the device level and can also offer a solution for other photonic and electronic devices using non-single-crystalline GaAs films for flexible electronics.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

AutonomieAI: An efficient and deployable vehicle energy consumption estimation toolkit

Here, this paper presents AutonomieAI, a novel toolkit designed for efficient energy estimation of vehicles across diverse trip scenarios, routes, and drive cycles, applicable to a broad range of vehicle powertrain technologies. It leverages state-of-the-art Machine Learning techniques to deliver real-time energy prediction of vehicles, enabling co-simulation with transportation level system tools and opening doors for large-scale optimization at city, network or national level. Benchmark results show that AutonomieAI achieves high accuracy, with an average percentage error below 2% for most powertrain types, and computational efficiency capable of processing over 10,000 trips per second. Applications of AutonomieAI have potential to offer the flexibility to assist in solving eco-routing problems, optimize for vehicle and powertrain selection, study charging decision behavior, and optimize for charging station placement. AutonomieAI is the result of large neural network based model architectures, trained on very large and unique high fidelity vehicle simulation data. It is lightweight, deployable, efficient and has accuracy comparable to specialized and complex physics based simulation softwares.

Autonomie↗
DOE OSTI2016

Design exploration of a Symmetric Pass Gate Adiabatic Logic for energy-efficient and secure hardware

Adiabatic logic is one of the circuit design techniques for designing energy-efficient hardware. In recent years, it has also been proved that this technique is suitable for designing secure hardware. In the existing literature, a Secured Quasi-Adiabatic Logic Family (SQAL) has recently been proposed in designing Differential Power Analysis (DPA)-resistant and energy-efficient hardware. SQAL shows improvement over all other existing DPA-resistant adiabatic logic in terms of energy dissipation and area-overhead. However, the drawback is, SQAL suffers from non-adiabatic energy loss during the evaluation of the outputs. To minimize the non-adiabatic loss, we propose in this paper a novel Symmetric Pass Gate Adiabatic Logic (SPGAL). SPICE simulations show that the bit-parallel cellular multiplier over GF(2 4 ) that we implemented using SPGAL saves up to 81% of energy as compared to SQAL at 12.5 MHz. Calculated values of Normalized Energy Deviation (NED) and Normalized Standard Deviation (NSD) show that the proposed logic gates based on SPGAL consume uniform energy for every cycle of operation irrespective of their input transition. Finally, the uniform energy rate and low power operation shows that the proposed SPGAL is energy-efficient in nature and would be resistant to DPA attack at the circuit level.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗