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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,765 records · Page 98
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Temperature-induced valence-state transition in double perovskite Ba 2 - x Sr x TbIrO 6

In this paper, a temperature-induced valence-state transition is studied in a narrow composition range 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.375 of Ba 2 - x Sr x TbIrO 6 by means of x-ray and neutron powder diffraction, resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, and specific heat measurements. The valence-state transition involves an electron transfer between Tb and Ir leading to the valence-state change between Tb 3 + / Ir 5 + and Tb 4 + / Ir 4 + phases. This first-order transition has a dramatic effect on the lattice, transport properties, and the long-range magnetic order at low temperatures for both Tb and Ir ions. Ir 5 + ion has an electronic configuration of 5 d 4 ( J eff = 0 ), which is expected to be nonmagnetic. In contrast, Ir 4 + ion with a configuration of 5 d 5 ( J eff = 1/2) favors a long-range magnetic order. For x = 0.1 with Tb 3 + / Ir 5 + configuration to the lowest temperature (2 K) investigated in this paper, a spin-glass behavior is observed around 5 K indicating Ir 5 + ( J eff = 0 ) ions act as a spacer reducing the magnetic interactions between Tb 3 + ions. For x = 0.5 with Tb 4 + / Ir 4 + configuration below the highest temperature 400 K of this paper, a long-range antiferromagnetic order at T N = 40 K is observed highlighting the importance of Ir 4 + ( J eff = 1/2) ions in promoting the long-range magnetic order of both Tb and Ir ions. For 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.375, a temperature-induced valence-state transition from high-temperature Tb 3 + / Ir 5 + phase to low-temperature Tb 4 + / Ir 4 + phase occurs in the temperature range 180 K ≤ T ≤ 325 K and the transition temperature increases with x . The compositional dependence demonstrates the ability to tune the the valence state for a critical region of x that leads to a concurrent change in magnetism and structure. Furthermore, this tuning ability could be employed with suitable strain in thin films to act as a switch as the magnetism is manipulated.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MHD MAGNETIC RECONNECTION SIMULATIONS WITH A FINITE GUIDE FIELD: PROPOSAL OF THE SHOCK-EVOKING POSITIVE-FEEDBACK MODEL

Using a three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic model, we simulate the magnetic reconnection in a single current sheet. We assume a finite guide field, a random perturbation on the velocity field, and uniform resistivity. Our model enhances the reconnection rate relative to the classical Sweet–Parker model in the same configuration. The efficiency of magnetic energy conversion is increased by interactions between the multiple tearing layers coexisting in the global current sheet. This interaction, which forms a positive-feedback system, arises from coupling of the inflow and outflow regions in different layers across the current sheet. The coupling accelerates the elementary reconnection events, thereby enhancing the global reconnection rate. The reconnection establishes flux tubes along each tearing layer. Slow-mode shocks gradually form along the outer boundaries of these tubes, further accelerating the magnetic energy conversion. Such a positive-feedback system is absent in two-dimensional simulations, 3D reconnection without a guide field, and reconnection under a single perturbation mode. We refer to our model as the “shock-evoking positive-feedback” model.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2024

Site Disorder Drives Cyanide Dynamics and Fast Ion Transport in Li 6 PS 5 CN

Halide argyrodite solid-state electrolytes of the general formula Li 6 PS 5 X exhibit complex static and dynamic disorder that plays a crucial role in ion transport processes. Here, we unravel the rich interplay between site disorder and dynamics in the plastic crystal argyrodite Li 6 PS 5 CN and the impact on ion diffusion processes through a suite of experimental and computational methodologies, including temperature-dependent synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, AC electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, 7 Li solid-state NMR, and machine learning-assisted molecular dynamics simulations. Sulfide and (pseudo)halide site disorder between the two anion sublattices unilaterally improves long-range lithium diffusion irrespective of the (pseudo)halide identity, which demonstrates the importance of site disorder in dictating bulk ionic conductivity in the argyrodite family. Furthermore, we find that anion site disorder modulates the presence and time scales of cyanide rotational dynamics. Ordered configurations of anions enable fast, quasi-free rotations of cyanides that occur on time scales of 10 11 Hz at T = 300 K. In contrast, we find that cyanide dynamics are slow or frozen in Li 6 PS 5 CN when site disorder between the cyanide and sulfide sublattices is present at T = 300 K. We rationalize the observed differences in cyanide dynamics in the context of elastic dipole interactions between neighboring cyanide anions and local strain induced by the configurations of site disorder that may impact the energetic landscape for cyanide rotational dynamics. Through this study, we find that anion disorder plays a decisive role in dictating the extent and time scales of both lithium ion and cyanide dynamics in Li 6 PS 5 CN.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1989

The effects of magnetic nozzle configurations on plasma thrusters

Plasma thrusters have been operated at power levels from 10kW to 0.1MW. When these devices have had magnetic fields applied to them which form a nozzle configuration for the expanding plasma, they have shown marked increases in exhaust velocity which is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the applied field. Further, recent results have shown that electrode erosion may be influenced by applied magnetic fields. This research is directed to the experimental and computational study of the effects of applied magnetic field nozzles in the acceleration of plasma flows. Plasma source devices which eliminate the plasma interaction in normal thrusters are studied as most basic. Normal thruster configurations will be studied without applied fields and with applied magnetic nozzle fields. Unique computational studies will utilize existing codes which accurately include transport processes. Unique diagnostic studies will support the experimental studies to generate new data. Both computation and diagnostics will be combined to indicate the physical mechanisms and transport properties that are operative in order to allow scaling and accurate prediction of thruster performance.

York, Thomas M.↗
NASA NTRS1993

A numerical analysis of tonal acoustics in rotor-stator interactions

In this study, the unsteady, thin-layer, Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a system of patched grids for a rotor-stator configuration of an axial turbine. The study focuses on the plurality of spinning modes that are present in such an interaction. The propagation of these modes in the upstream and downstream regions is analyzed and compared with numerical results. It was found that the numerically calculated tonal acoustics could be affected by the type of numerical boundary conditions employed at the inlet and exit of the computational boundaries and the grid spacing in the upstream and downstream regions. Results in the form of surface pressure amplitudes and the spectra of turbine tones and their far field behavior are presented. Numerical results and experimental data are compared wherever possible. The 'mode-content' for different harmonics of blade-passage frequency is shown to conform with that predicted by a kinematical analysis.

Rangwalla, A. A.↗
NASA NTRS1990

The effects of magnetic nozzle configurations on plasma thrusters

Plasma thrusters have been operated at power levels from 10 kw to 0.1 MW. When these devices have had magnetic fields applied to them which form a nozzle configuration for the expanding plasma, they have shown marked increases in exhaust velocity which is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the applied field. Further, recent results have shown that electrode erosion may be influenced by applied magnetic fields. This research effort is directed to the experimental and computational study of the effects of applied magnetic field nozzles in the acceleration of plasma flows. Plasma source devices which eliminate the plasma interaction in normal thrusters are studied as most basic. Normal thruster configurations were studied without applied fields and with applied magnetic nozzle fields. Unique computational studies utilize existing codes which accurately include transport processes. Unique diagnostic studies supported the experimental studies to generate new data. Both computation and diagnostics were combined to indicate the physical mechanisms and transport properties that are operative in order to allow scaling and accurate prediction of thruster performance.

York, Thomas M.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Direct observation of 3D topological spin textures and their interactions using soft x-ray vector ptychography

Magnetic topological defects are energetically stable spin configurations characterized by symmetry breaking. Vortices and skyrmions are two well-known examples of 2D spin textures that have been actively studied for both fundamental interest and practical applications. However, experimental evidence of the 3D spin textures has been largely indirect or qualitative to date, due to the difficulty of quantitively characterizing them within nanoscale volumes. Here, we develop soft x-ray vector ptychography to quantitatively image the 3D magnetization vector field in a frustrated superlattice with 10 nm spatial resolution. By applying homotopy theory to the experimental data, we quantify the topological charge of hedgehogs and anti-hedgehogs as emergent magnetic monopoles and probe their interactions inside the frustrated superlattice. We also directly observe virtual hedgehogs and anti-hedgehogs created by magnetically inert voids. We expect that this new quantitative imaging method will open the door to study 3D topological spin textures in a broad class of magnetic materials. Our work also demonstrates that magnetically frustrated superlattices could be used as a new platform to investigate hedgehog interactions and dynamics and to exploit optimized geometries for information storage and transport applications.

Rana, A↗
NASA NTRS1993

ISPAN (Interactive Stiffened Panel Analysis): A tool for quick concept evaluation and design trade studies

Interactive Stiffened Panel Analysis (ISPAN) modules, written in FORTRAN, were developed to provide an easy to use tool for creating finite element models of composite material stiffened panels. The modules allow the user to interactively construct, solve and post-process finite element models of four general types of structural panel configurations using only the panel dimensions and properties as input data. Linear, buckling and post-buckling solution capability is provided. This interactive input allows rapid model generation and solution by non finite element users. The results of a parametric study of a blade stiffened panel are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the ISPAN modules. Also, a non-linear analysis of a test panel was conducted and the results compared to measured data and previous correlation analysis.

Hairr, John W.↗
DOE OSTI2017

WIMP capture and annihilation in the Earth in effective theories

I calculate the rate of WIMP capture and annihilation in the Earth in the non-relativistic effective theory of dark matter-nucleon interactions. Neglecting operator interference, I consider all Galilean invariant interaction operators that can arise from the exchange of a heavy particle of spin less than or equal to one when WIMPs have spin 0, 1/2 or 1. I compute position and shape of the expected resonances in the mass—capture rate plane and show that Iron is not the most important element in the capture process for many currently ignored interaction operators. I compare these predictions with the recent results of an Earth WIMP analysis of IceCube in the 86-string configuration and set limits on all isoscalar and isovector coupling constants of the effective theory of dark matter-nucleon interactions. For certain interaction operators and for a dark matter particle mass of about 50 GeV, I find that these limits are stronger than those I have previously derived in an analysis of the solar WIMP search performed at IceCube in the 79-string configuration.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1976

Upper-surface-blowing jet wing interaction

A linear, inviscid, subsonic compressible flow theory is formulated for predicting the aerodynamic characteristics of upper-surface-blowing configurations. The effect of the thick jet is represented by a two-vortex-sheet model in order to account for the Mach number nonuniformity. The wing loading with the jet interaction effects is computed by satisfying boundary conditions on the wing and the jet surfaces. The vortex model is discussed in detail.

Lan, C. E.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Topological self-dual configurations in a Maxwell–Higgs model with a CPT-odd and Lorentz-violating nonminimal coupling

We have studied the existence of topological self-dual configurations in a nonminimal CPT-odd and Lorentz-violating (LV) Maxwell–Higgs model, where the LV interaction is introduced by modifying the minimal covariant derivative. The Bogomol’nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield formalism has been implemented, revealing that the scalar self-interaction implying self-dual equations contains a derivative coupling. The CPT-odd self-dual equations describe electrically neutral configurations with finite total energy proportional to the total magnetic flux, which differ from the charged solutions of other CPT-odd and LV models previously studied. In particular, we have investigated the axially symmetrical self-dual vortex solutions altered by the LV parameter. For large distances, the profiles possess general behavior similar to the vortices of Abrikosov–Nielsen–Olesen. However, within the vortex core, the profiles of the magnetic field and energy can differ substantially from ones of the Maxwell–Higgs model depending if the LV parameter is negative or positive.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Supernova-Explosion Mechanism Involving Neutrinos

A major part of the energy released upon the gravitational collapse of massive-star cores is carried away by neutrinos. Neutrinos play a crucial role in collapsing supernovae (SNe). At the present time, mathematical models of core-collapse SNe are based on multidimensional gas dynamics and thermonuclear reactions, whereas the neutrino transport is frequently treated in simplified way. An accurate analysis of neutrinos in a spherically symmetric gravitational collapse is performed on the basis of Boltzmann kinetic equations including all weak-interaction reactions with exact quantum-mechanical matrix elements. The role of multidimensional effects is studied bymeans of multidimensional gas dynamics allowing for the neutrino transport via diffusion treated by employing flux limiters. The possibility of largescale convection, which is of interest both from the point of view of explaining a type II supernova (SN) and from the point of view of implementing an experiment aimed at detecting possible energetic (≳10 MeV) neutrinos from an SN, is discussed. Thermonuclear burning leads to the explosion of a type I SN. A hot central region and the subsequent large-scale convection may also play an important role in the SN mechanism. If neutrinos and convection play a key role for a type II SN, then, in order to explain gamma radiation from product radioactive elements, convection is of importance in the case of SNe belonging to both types. In addition, convection may be important for bright type I SNe. Original methods are presented for multidimensional gas dynamics involving thermonuclear burning and for multitemperature gas dynamics involving radiative transfer.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Decay rates of Gaussian-type I-balls and Bose-enhancement effects in 3+1 dimensions

I-balls/oscillons are long-lived spatially localized lumps of a scalar field which may be formed after inflation. In the scalar field theory with monomial potential nearly and shallower than quadratic, which is motivated by chaotic inflationary models and supersymmetric theories, the scalar field configuration of I-balls is approximately Gaussian. If the I-ball interacts with another scalar field, the I-ball eventually decays into radiation. Recently, it was pointed out that the decay rate of I-balls increases exponentially by the effects of Bose enhancement under some conditions and a non-perturbative method to compute the exponential growth rate has been derived. In this paper, we apply the method to the Gaussian-type I-ball in 3+1 dimensions assuming spherical symmetry, and calculate the partial decay rates into partial waves, labelled by the angular momentum of daughter particles. We reveal the conditions that the I-ball decays exponentially, which are found to depend on the mass and angular momentum of daughter particles and also be affected by the quantum uncertainty in the momentum of daughter particles.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

A Design Exploration of Natural Laminar Flow Applications for the SUSAN Electrofan Concept

A trade study supported by the NASA Convergent Aeronautics Solutions (CAS) Project is presently underway to explore the desirability, feasibility, and viability of a new vehicle concept. The vehicle under development is the SUbsonic Single Aft eNgine (SUSAN) Electrofan configuration, which is a subsonic regional jet with the transformative concept of combining wing-mounted distributed electrified aircraft propulsion with a single engine design. The multidisciplinary team is investigating several potential technologies that would help the SUSAN Electrofan configuration achieve its performance goals, one of which is the application of Natural Laminar Flow (NLF) to the main wing. The present computational study utilizes the Crossflow Attenuated Natural Laminar Flow (CATNLF) design method to reshape the wing airfoils to obtain significant extents of NLF at the cruise condition. Fully-turbulent and laminar designs were performed to quantify the aerodynamic performance potential of NLF on the SUSAN Electrofan configuration. The laminar design supported laminar flow on53% of the area of the wing upper surface, resulting in a 19count (8.8%) drag reduction for the wing-fuselage configuration. The near-cruise off-design characteristics are also studied and illustrate that the robust laminar design sustains an NLF performance benefit through perturbations in Mach and angle of attack. A discussion is also included on multidisciplinary implications of utilizing NLF for the configuration, including design, manufacturing, and operational considerations required to support NLF on the main wing, as well as the interaction between the potential wing-mounted boundary layer ingestion technology that is also being explored for the SUSAN Electrofan configuration.

Natural Laminar Flow↗
NASA NTRS2000

DSMC Simulation of Separated Flows About Flared Bodies at Hypersonic Conditions

This paper describes the results of a numerical study of interacting hypersonic flows at conditions that can be produced in ground-based test facilities. The computations are made with the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method of Bird. The focus is on Mach 10 flows about flared axisymmetric configurations, both hollow cylinder flares and double cones. The flow conditions are those for which experiments have been or will be performed in the ONERA R5Ch low-density wind tunnel and the Calspan-University of Buffalo Research Center (CUBRC) Large Energy National Shock (LENS) tunnel. The range of flow conditions, model configurations, and model sizes provides a significant range of shock/shock and shock/boundary layer interactions at low Reynolds number conditions. Results presented will highlight the sensitivity of the calculations to grid resolution, contrast the differences in flow structure for hypersonic cold flows and those of more energetic but still low enthalpy flows, and compare the present results with experimental measurements for surface heating, pressure, and extent of separation.

Moss, James N.↗
DOE OSTI2022

INGRID: An interactive grid generator for 2D edge plasma modeling

A fusion boundary-plasma domain is defined by axisymmetric magnetic surfaces where the geometry is often complicated by the presence of one or more X-points; and modeling boundary plasmas usually relies on computational grids that account for the magnetic field geometry. The new grid generator INGRID (Interactive Grid Generator) presented in this work is a Python-based code for calculating grids for fusion boundary plasma modeling, for a variety of configurations with one or two X-points in the domain. INGRID first performs partitioning over the domain consisting of a small number of patches conforming to the magnetic field and wall geometry; then it generates a subgrid on each of the patches and joins them into a global grid. This domain partitioning strategy makes possible a uniform treatment of various configurations with one or two X-points in the domain. This includes single-null, double-null, and other configurations with two X-points in the domain. The INGRID design allows generating grids either interactively, via a parameter-file driven GUI, or using a non-interactive script-controlled workflow. Results of testing demonstrate that INGRID is a flexible, robust, and user-friendly grid-generation tool for fusion boundary-plasma modeling.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1980

The linear and non-linear aerodynamics of three-surface aircraft concepts

It is noted that most modern fighter aircraft rely on vortex interaction to provide lift enhancement at maneuvering angles of attack. It is shown that the close-coupled horizontal canard in a three-surface configuration provides a control surface which in addition to its other control functions, can be used to optimize this vortex interaction. Attention is given to a study intended to provide a detailed understanding of the aerodynamics of this type of configuration. The discussion examines the results of this investigation and hypotheses are presented to explain the linear and nonlinear aerodynamic phenomena observed.

Agnew, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Skin friction measurements by laser interferometry in swept shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interactions

The laser interferometric skin friction meter was used to measure wall shear stress distributions in two interactions of fin-generated swept shock waves with turbulent boundary layers. The basic research configuration was an unswept sharp-leading-edge fin of variable angle mounted on a flatplate. The results indicate that such measurements are practical in high-speed interacting flows, and that a repeatability of + or - 6 percent or better is possible. Marked increases in wall shear were observed in both swept interactions tested.

Kim, Kwang-Soo↗