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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,765 records · Page 98

Urban Landscape and Climate Change

A workshop on how earth system models incorporate the influences of urban environments on climate, with an emphasis on how large observation studies can be used to aid the modeling community, was held on August 27 - 28, 2013 at Argonne National Laboratory. The goal of the workshop was to identify urban processes important in influencing the predictive capability of regional climate models and global earth system models, the impacts of climate change that are important for future urban centers, data available or needed to develop a representative model of urban ecosystems, and how cities can use that information to improve the lives of their residents.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Density functional modeling of the binding energies between aluminosilicate oligomers and different metal cations

Interactions between negatively charged aluminosilicate species and positively charged metal cations are critical to many important engineering processes and applications, including sustainable cements and aluminosilicate glasses. In an effort to probe these interactions, here we have calculated the pair-wise interaction energies (i.e., binding energies) between aluminosilicate dimer/trimer and 17 different metal cations M n+ (M n+ = Li + , Na + , K + , Cu + , Cu 2+ , Co 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Ti 2+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Co 3+ , Cr 3+ , Ti 4+ and Cr 6+ ) using a density functional theory (DFT) approach. Analysis of the DFT-optimized structural representations for the clusters (dimer/trimer + M n+ ) shows that their structural attributes (e.g., interatomic distances) are generally consistent with literature observations on aluminosilicate glasses. The DFT-derived binding energies are seen to vary considerably depending on the type of cations (i.e., charge and ionic radii) and aluminosilicate species (i.e., dimer or trimer). A survey of the literature reveals that the difference in the calculated binding energies between different M n+ can be used to explain many literature observations associated with the impact of metal cations on materials properties (e.g., glass corrosion, mineral dissolution, and ionic transport). Analysis of all the DFT-derived binding energies reveals that the correlation between these energy values and the ionic potential and field strength of the metal cations are well captured by 2nd order polynomial functions ( R 2 values of 0.99–1.00 are achieved for regressions). Given that the ionic potential and field strength of a given metal cation can be readily estimated using well-tabulated ionic radii available in the literature, these simple polynomial functions would enable rapid estimation of the binding energies of a much wider range of cations with the aluminosilicate dimer/trimer, providing guidance on the design and optimization of sustainable cements and aluminosilicate glasses and their associated applications. Finally, the limitations associated with using these simple model systems to model complex interactions are also discussed.

Gong, Kai↗

E3SM simulation results and associated python analysis scripts

This archive contains E3SM Land Model simulation results associated with the Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES) article titled "More Realistic Intermediate Depth Dry Firn Densification in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM)," by Adam M. Schneider, Charles S. Zender, and Stephen F. Price. Also included in the archive are python scripts used to analyze associated data and an offline, statistical firn model.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Development and validation of a general purpose linearization program for rigid aircraft models

This paper discusses a FORTRAN program that provides the user with a powerful and flexible tool for the linearization of aircraft models. The program LINEAR numerically determines a linear systems model using nonlinear equations of motion and a user-supplied, nonlinear aerodynamic model. The system model determined by LINEAR consists of matrices for both the state and observation equations. The program has been designed to allow easy selection and definition of the state, control, and observation variables to be used in a particular model. Also, included in the report is a comparison of linear and nonlinear models for a high-performance aircraft.

Duke, E. L.↗

User's manual for LINEAR, a FORTRAN program to derive linear aircraft models

This report documents a FORTRAN program that provides a powerful and flexible tool for the linearization of aircraft models. The program LINEAR numerically determines a linear system model using nonlinear equations of motion and a user-supplied nonlinear aerodynamic model. The system model determined by LINEAR consists of matrices for both state and observation equations. The program has been designed to allow easy selection and definition of the state, control, and observation variables to be used in a particular model.

Duke, Eugene L.↗

Mixed data/goal driven intelligent real-time assessment and control

We describe work in progress to develop model-based systems for real-time assessment and control of complex systems. Intelligent real-time processing must balance accuracy and response-time requirements to maximize expected performance. We use brief (probability) and goal (utility) information to guide construction of an approximate system model on which we then apply approximate inference procedures to yield timely, effective assessments and control decisions.

Dambrosio, Bruce↗

A Conceptual Model of the Pasadena Housing System

During the last 5 years, there have been several attempts at applying systems analysis to complex urban problems. This paper describes one such attempt by a multidisciplinary team of students, engineers, professors, and community representatives. The Project organization is discussed and the interaction of the different disciplines (the process) described. The two fundamental analysis questions posed by the Project were: "Why do houses deteriorate?" and "Why do people move?" The analysis of these questions led to the development of a conceptual system model of housing in Pasadena. The major elements of this model are described, and several conclusions drawn from it are presented.

Hirshberg, Alan S.↗

Utilizing Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model (Mars-GRAM 2005) to Evaluate Entry Probe Mission Sites

The Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model (Mars-GRAM 2005) is an engineering-level atmospheric model widely used for diverse mission applications. An overview is presented of Mars-GRAM 2005 and its new features. The "auxiliary profile" option is one new feature of Mars-GRAM 2005. This option uses an input file of temperature and density versus altitude to replace the mean atmospheric values from Mars-GRAM's conventional (General Circulation Model) climatology. Any source of data or alternate model output can be used to generate an auxiliary profile. Auxiliary profiles for this study were produced from mesoscale model output (Southwest Research Institute's Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS) model and Oregon State University's Mars mesoscale model (MMM5) model) and a global Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) database. The global TES database has been specifically generated for purposes of making Mars-GRAM auxiliary profiles. This data base contains averages and standard deviations of temperature, density, and thermal wind components, averaged over 5-by-5 degree latitude-longitude bins and 15 degree Ls bins, for each of three Mars years of TES nadir data. The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) sites are used as a sample of how Mars-GRAM' could be a valuable tool for planning of future Mars entry probe missions. Results are presented using auxiliary profiles produced from the mesoscale model output and TES observed data for candidate MSL landing sites. Input parameters rpscale (for density perturbations) and rwscale (for wind perturbations) can be used to "recalibrate" Mars-GRAM perturbation magnitudes to better replicate observed or mesoscale model variability.

Justh, Hilary L.↗

Applications of Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model (Mars-GRAM 2005) Supporting Mission Site Selection for Mars Science Laboratory

The Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model (Mars-GRAM 2005) is an engineering level atmospheric model widely used for diverse mission applications. An overview is presented of Mars-GRAM 2005 and its new features. One new feature of Mars-GRAM 2005 is the 'auxiliary profile' option. In this option, an input file of temperature and density versus altitude is used to replace mean atmospheric values from Mars-GRAM's conventional (General Circulation Model) climatology. An auxiliary profile can be generated from any source of data or alternate model output. Auxiliary profiles for this study were produced from mesoscale model output (Southwest Research Institute's Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS) model and Oregon State University's Mars mesoscale model (MMM5)model) and a global Thermal Emission Spectrometer(TES) database. The global TES database has been specifically generated for purposes of making Mars-GRAM auxiliary profiles. This data base contains averages and standard deviations of temperature, density, and thermal wind components,averaged over 5-by-5 degree latitude-longitude bins and 15 degree L(s) bins, for each of three Mars years of TES nadir data. Results are presented using auxiliary profiles produced from the mesoscale model output and TES observed data for candidate Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) landing sites. Input parameters rpscale (for density perturbations) and rwscale (for wind perturbations) can be used to "recalibrate" Mars-GRAM perturbation magnitudes to better replicate observed or mesoscale model variability.

Justh, Hilary L.↗

Mars-GRAM Applications for Mars Science Laboratory Mission Site Selection Processes

An overview is presented of the Mars-Global Reference Atmospheric Model (Mars-GRAM 2005) and its new features. One important new feature is the "auxiliary profile" option, whereby a simple input file is used to replace mean atmospheric values from Mars-GRAM's conventional (General Circulation Model) climatology. An auxiliary profile can be generated from any source of data or alternate model output. Results are presented using auxiliary profiles produced from mesoscale model output (Southwest Research Institute's Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS) model and Oregon State University's Mars mesoscale model (MMM5) model) for three candidate Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) landing sites (Terby Crater, Melas Chasma, and Gale Crater). A global Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) database has also been generated for purposes of making 'Mars-GRAM auxiliary profiles. This data base contains averages and standard deviations of temperature, density, and thermal wind components, averaged over 5-by-5 degree latitude bins and 15 degree L(sub S) bins, for each of three Mars years of TES nadir data. Comparisons show reasonably good consistency between Mars-GRAM with low dust optical depth and both TES observed and mesoscale model simulated density at the three study sites. Mean winds differ by a more significant degree. Comparisons of mesoscale and TES standard deviations' with conventional Mars-GRAM values, show that Mars-GRAM density perturbations are somewhat conservative (larger than observed variability), while mesoscale-modeled wind variations are larger than Mars-GRAM model estimates. Input parameters rpscale (for density perturbations) and rwscale (for wind perturbations) can be used to "recalibrate" Mars-GRAM perturbation magnitudes to better replicate observed or mesoscale model variability.

Justh, Hilary↗

Spatial Correlation in the Ambient Core Noise Field of a Turbofan Engine

An acoustic transfer function relating combustion noise and turbine exit noise in the presence of enclosed ambient core noise is investigated using a dynamic system model and an acoustic system model for the particular turbofan engine studied and for a range of operating conditions. Measurements of cross-spectra magnitude and phase between the combustor and turbine exit and auto-spectra at the turbine exit and combustor are used to show the presence of indirect and direct combustion noise over the frequency range of 0 400 Hz. The procedure used evaluates the ratio of direct to indirect combustion noise. The procedure used also evaluates the post-combustion residence time in the combustor which is a factor in the formation of thermal NOx and soot in this region. These measurements are masked by the ambient core noise sound field in this frequency range which is observable since the transducers are situated within an acoustic wavelength of one another. An ambient core noise field model based on one and two dimensional spatial correlation functions is used to replicate the spatially correlated response of the pair of transducers. The spatial correlation function increases measured attenuation due to destructive interference and masks the true attenuation of the turbine.

Miles, Jeffrey Hilton↗

Assessing Air-Sea Interaction in the Evolving NASA GEOS Model

In order to understand how the climate responds to variations in forcing, one necessary component is to understand the full distribution of variability of exchanges of heat and moisture between the atmosphere and ocean. Surface heat and moisture fluxes are critical to the generation and decay of many coupled air-sea phenomena. These mechanisms operate across a number of scales and contain contributions from interactions between the anomalous (i.e. non-mean), often extreme-valued, flux components. Satellite-derived estimates of the surface turbulent and radiative heat fluxes provide an opportunity to assess results from modeling systems. Evaluation of only time mean and variability statistics, however only provides limited traceability to processes controlling what are often regime-dependent errors. This work will present an approach to evaluate the representation of the turbulent fluxes at the air-sea interface in the current and evolving Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model. A temperature and moisture vertical profile-based clustering technique is used to identify robust weather regimes, and subsequently intercompare the turbulent fluxes and near-surface parameters within these regimes in both satellite estimates and GEOS-driven data sets. Both model reanalysis (MERRA) and seasonal-to-interannual coupled GEOS model simulations will be evaluated. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding the distribution of the fluxes including extremes, and the representation of near-surface forcing variables directly related to their estimation. Results from these analyses will help identify the existence and source of regime-dependent biases in the GEOS model ocean surface turbulent fluxes. The use of the temperature and moisture profiles for weather-state clustering will be highlighted for its potential broad application to 3-D output typical of model simulations.

Clayson, Carol Anne↗

Inheriting Curiosity: Leveraging MBSE to Build Mars2020

The success of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL) Martian mission Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) prompted NASA to challenge JPL to build a second rover, Mars2020. Mars2020 has chosen to infuse Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) in pursuit of aiding the design of the Flight System. This paper will derive the motivation for MBSE infusion and will explain the current state of the Mars2020 Flight System Model. Successes in MBSE adoption will be discussed, as will limitations to the methodology.

Mars↗

A Model-based Approach to Developing the Concept of Operations for Potential Mars Sample Return

Mars Sample Return (MSR) is a proposed multi-agency effort that would return soil and rock samples from the surface of Mars to Earth. Both the complexity of the potential missions, as well as the involvement of multiple geographically distributed organizations, presents a challenge from an information management perspective. In this paper, a Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach to developing the Concept of Operations of a potential Mars Sample Return effort using the System Modeling Language(SysML) is presented.

Muirhead, Brian↗

Global Influence of Organic Aerosol Volatility on Aerosol Microphysical Processes: Composition and Number

We present MATRIX-VBS, a new aerosol scheme that simulates organic partitioning in an aerosol microphysics model, as part of the NASA GISS ModelE Earth System Model. MATRIX-VBS builds on its predecessor aerosol microphysics model MATRIX (Bauer et al., 2008, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6003-2008) and was developed in the box model framework (Gao et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-751-2017). The scheme features the inclusion of organic partitioning between the gas and particle phases and the photochemical aging process using the volatility-basis set (Donahue et al., 2006, https://doi.org/10.1021/es052297c). To assess the performance of the new model, we compared its mass concentration, number concentration, and activated number concentration to the original scheme MATRIX, and evaluated its mass concentrations in four seasons against data from the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) aircraft campaign. Results from MATRIX-VBS show that organics are transported further away from their source, and their mass concentration increases aloft and decreases at the surface compared to those in MATRIX. The mass concentration of organics at the surface agrees well with measurements, and there are discrepancies for vertical profiles aloft. In the new scheme, the global mass load of organic aerosols increased by 50%, there is also an increased number of particles at the surface and fewer activated ones in most regions. The new scheme presents advanced and more comprehensive capability in simulating aerosol processes.

aerosol modeling↗

Are Ducted Mini-Splits Worth It?

The project discussed in this report was a collaborative effort between the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). For this project, PNNL and NREL developed a prototypical simulation model for ducted minisplits based on a combination of previously modeled DHP systems and central duct system models. To understand the implications of how this model would react under different scenarios, the DMS model was then used in 5 different prototypical homes, in three different cities, each representing one of BPA’s heating zones. Electric resistance zonal heat, with window air conditioning was used as a baseline for comparison in all cases. Only one manufacturer was modeled due to budget constraints.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗