The statistical defensibility of forensic proteomics
The U.S. Federal court system maintains very high standards for admissibility of scientific evidence. In particular, to allow such evidence into court, a judge must be satisfied it is both reliable, in other words, based on a robust, reproducible, and accurate method, and relevant, meaning it adds weight to the prosecution or defense claims in a case. In 1993, the U.S. Supreme Court issued landmark guidelines for judges considering whether or not to admit scientific testimony. The resulting Daubert criteria changed the forensic sciences in a profound way, leading investigators, researchers, and legal experts to question the scientific validity of established forensic methods that had been widely accepted for years. The Daubert criteria also caused a paradigm shift in the development of new forensic methods, forcing researchers to better prepare new techniques for use in an increasingly adversarial environment. In this chapter, we discuss the current state of forensic proteomics in the context of modern forensics. We present the Daubert criteria, discuss seven elements of a defensible method, and provide guidelines for building statistical defensibility of this emerging discipline.