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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2018

Developing an Interactive Data Visualization Tool to Assess the Impact of Decision Support on Clinical Operations

Due to mandates from recent legislation, clinical decision support (CDS) software is being adopted by radiology practices across the country. This software provides imaging study decision support for referring providers at the point of order entry. CDS systems produce a large volume of data, providing opportunities for research and quality improvement. In order to better visualize and analyze trends in this data, an interactive data visualization dashboard was created using a commercially available data visualization platform. Following the integration of a commercially available clinical decision support product into the electronic health record, a dashboard was created using a commercially available data visualization platform (Tableau, Seattle, WA). Data generated by the CDS were exported from the data warehouse, where they were stored, into the platform. This allowed for real-time visualization of the data generated by the decision support software. The creation of the dashboard allowed the output from the CDS platform to be more easily analyzed and facilitated hypothesis generation. Integrating data visualization tools into clinical decision support tools allows for easier data analysis and can streamline research and quality improvement efforts.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Performance of an Estonian Speech Recognition System for Radiology: Effects of Different Acoustic and Language Models

The aim of this study was to analyze retrospectively the influence of different acoustic and language models in order to determine the most important effects to the clinical performance of an Estonian language-based non-commercial radiology-oriented automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. An ASR system was developed for Estonian language in radiology domain by utilizing open-source software components (Kaldi toolkit, Thrax). The ASR system was trained with the real radiology text reports and dictations collected during development phases. The final version of the ASR system was tested by 11 radiologists who dictated 219 reports in total, in spontaneous manner in a real clinical environment. The audio files collected in the final phase were used to measure the performance of different versions of the ASR system retrospectively. ASR system versions were evaluated by word error rate (WER) for each speaker and modality and by WER difference for the first and the last version of the ASR system. Total average WER for the final version throughout all material was improved from 18.4% of the first version (v1) to 5.8% of the last (v8) version which corresponds to relative improvement of 68.5%. WER improvement was strongly related to modality and radiologist. In summary, the performance of the final ASR system version was close to optimal, delivering similar results to all modalities and being independent on user, the complexity of the radiology reports, user experience, and speech characteristics.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Patient-Centered Radiology with FHIR: an Introduction to the Use of FHIR to Offer Radiology a Clinically Integrated Platform

Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) is an open interoperability standard that allows external software to quickly search for and access clinical information from the electronic medical record (EMR) in a method that is developer-friendly, using current internet technology standards. In this article, we highlight the new FHIR standard and illustrate how FHIR can be used to offer the field of radiology a more clinically integrated and patient-centered system, opening the EMR to external radiology software in ways unfeasible with traditional standards. We explain how to construct FHIR queries relevant to medical imaging using the Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine (SIIM) Hackathon application programming interface (API), provide sample queries for use, and suggest solutions to offer a patient-centered, rather than an image-centered, workflow that remains clinically relevant.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Research on the Thermophysics of Next-Generation Nuclear Reactors

The results of scientific research on the thermophysics of next-generation nuclear reactors conducted at the Leipunskii Institute of Physics and Power Engineering are presented: integrated experimental and computational-theoretical studies to validate design and engineering solutions as well as the safety of fast reactors with sodium and heavy liquid-metal coolant, increasing the efficiency and safety of currently operating and future NPP with water-cooled reactors, software development and certification, pilot research on innovative nuclear power facilities (fast reactors with supercritical water and high-temperature sodium coolant).

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Modeling of Gas Dynamic Processes in the Interelectrode Gap of a Multielement Thermionic Electricity Generating Channel by Solving the Kinetic Equation

This work is devoted to the application of a numerical method of solving Boltzmann’s equation for modeling the behavior of radionuclides (Kr, Xe, Rb, Sr, Cs, Ba) in the cavity of the interelectrode gap of a multielement electricity generating channel. Modeling methods were developed and software system implemented in the course of this work. Calculations were performed for two structural arrangements: with uni- and bilateral extraction of radionuclides into the vacuum-cesium system. Data on the pressure and flow distributions were obtained. The krypton and xenon pressure near the collector as functions of their flow and the cesium gas pressure at the gap exits were determined computationally.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Method of Determining the Reliability of Real-Time In-reactor Monitoring of VVER

A methodological approach and the basic tenets for evaluating the reliability of in-reactor monitoring of VVER are presented. The method is based on the statistical analysis of indications in real time and includes methods for evaluating the admissible maximum error of the measurement channels used for monitoring as well as the average value and admissible deviation of indications in groups of parallel monitoring channels, as well as a method of evaluating reliability by comparing the values of a parameter with the regime values. In comparing the indications of a monitoring channel with the indications of other parallel channels, the median value is proposed as the baseline value. The developed method is implemented in the Diagnostika SVRK special software, which has been successfully tested during the commissioning of the No. 1 unit at the Novovoronezh NPP-2.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Verification of Analytical Test Based Thermohydraulic Systems Codes for One- and Two-Phase Liquid-Metal Flows

This work is devoted to the development of a system of analytical tests for verification of the thermohydraulic codes used in modeling the flow of one- and two-phase flows of liquid metals. The change of temperature in constant and variable flow of coolant, effect of axial heat conduction of the coolant on the temperature distribution, development of natural circulation in a closed loop, motion of a two-phase mixture under gravity, and fluctuations of the gas volume and distribution of the true process steam content in the presence of boiling/condensation are studied. The developed system of tests was used to verify the HYDRA-IBRAE/LM thermohydraulic code and the thermohydraulic module of the SOKRAT-BN code. The computational errors in the individual thermohydraulic parameters are obtained.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Algorithm and Software for Calculating Optimal Regimes of the Process Water Supply System at the Kalininskaya NPP{sup 1}

An algorithm and software for calculating the optimal operating regimes of the process water supply system at the Kalininskaya NPP are described. The parameters of the optimal regimes are determined for time varying meteorological conditions and condensation loads of the NPP. The optimal flow of the cooling water in the turbines is determined computationally; a regime map with the data on the optimal water consumption distribution between the coolers and displaying the regimes with an admissible heat load on the natural cooling lakes is composed. Optimizing the cooling system for a 4000-MW NPP will make it possible to conserve at least 155,000 MW · h of electricity per year. The procedure developed can be used to optimize the process water supply systems of nuclear and thermal power plants.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Automated System of Diagnostic Monitoring at Bureya HPP Hydraulic Engineering Installations: a New Level of Safety

This article presents the design, hardware, and software solutions developed and placed in service for the automated system of diagnostic monitoring (ASDM) for hydraulic engineering installations at the Bureya HPP, and assuring a reliable process for monitoring hydraulic engineering installations. Project implementation represents a timely solution of problems addressed by the hydraulic engineering installation diagnostics section.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Software and Hardware Systems in the Safety Control Systems of Nuclear Power Plants

Fundamentally new software and hardware systems for lower level automation in the safety monitoring and control systems of nuclear power plants are examined. More than a hundred software-hardware systems employing software and hardware from different manufacturers have been developed and introduced in this area. Design and functional solutions based on specific software-hardware systems are presented and comparative data on the apparatus and the use of the diversity principle are discussed.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Fundamental Optical Functions and Fine-Structure Parameters of Strontium–Selenide Crystal Transition Bands in the 0–40 eV Range

The spectral complex of fundamental optical functions of strontium-selenide (SrSe) crystal in the range 0–40 eV was determined. Spectra of the imaginary parts of three functions [transverse dielectric permittivity ε{sub 2}(E) and longitudinal volume –Im ε{sup –1} and surface –Im (1 + ε){sup –1} characteristic electron energy losses] of SrSe crystal were deconvoluted into 36 elementary bands. Energies of maxima E{sub i}, half-widths H{sub i}, amplitudes I{sub i}, areas S{sub i}, and oscillator strengths f{sub i} were determined for every band of the three spectra. The main spectral features of the optical functions and 36 elementary bands of SrSe in the range 3–35 eV due to excitons and transverse and longitudinal interband transitions were established. The calculations were based on experimental reflectance spectra and used the Kramers–Kronig integral relations, a modified combined Argand diagram method, and a number of computer programs.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Properties of the Fundamental Optical Functions of Magnesium Silicide

The spectra of 16 optical Mg{sub 2}Si functions in the range from 0 to 11 eV at 77 K are determined. They contain five maxima and shoulders due to interband transitions and metastable excitons, as well as the maxima of bulk and surface plasmons at ~9.56 and ~7.30 eV. Their peculiarities and general patterns of behavior are established. Calculations were performed based on a well-known experimental reflection spectrum in the range from 0 to 11 eV at 77 K. The integral spectra of the imaginary parts of the permittivity ε{sub 2}(E), characteristic bulk (–Im ε{sup –1}), and surface (–Im (1 + ε){sup –1}) energy losses of electrons are expanded into elementary components in the region from 2 to 5 eV. The main parameters of the transition components were determined, including the energies of their maxima and oscillator strengths. Calculations were carried out using computer programs based on the Kramers–Kronig relations and known analytical formulas for the correlation between optical functions, as well as an improved nonparametric method of combined Argand diagrams taking into account the effective number of valence electrons participating in the formation of individual bands. Instead of five maxima and shoulders of the integral spectra, 17 elementary bands with oscillator strengths in the range from 0.0003 to 1.92 were established. They are due to transverse and longitudinal type excitonic and interband transitions. Based on known theoretical calculations, we propose herein the localization and assumed nature of the optical transition bands.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Thermal and Thermophysical Properties of the Radioactive Graphite–Inert Gas System in Heating. Computer Experiment

Consideration has been given to the capabilities of the TERRA software system for modeling thermodynamically the heating of a radioactive graphite–inert gas system in a nuclear reactor. As a result of such modeling, the authors have determined processes occurring in the reactor with the involvement of Eu, Pu, and U actinoids during the heating of the radioactive graphite–argon system at pressures of 10{sup 5} and 10{sup 6} Pa, and also equilibrium constants of chemical reactions and the influence of pressure on them. The thermophysical properties of the system have been studied, and the influence of pressure on its specific volume, the heat capacity, and the molar mass of a gas phase and the weight fraction of a condensed phase has been established.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Cross-Correlation Analysis of Digital Speckle Photography

This paper describes new algorithms for processing noisy specklograms, which permit quantitative diagnostics of the microstructure of shock-wave flows with a subpicosecond accuracy with the use of statistical analysis of numerically registered speckle fields disturbed by the refraction in the investigated flows. The software developed by us permits reconstructing up to 10,000 vector angles of probe radiation deflection in a two-dimensional region of size 20 × 30 mm{sup 2} in imaging a speckle field with optical magnification M = 1.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Series Solution for Magnetic Flux Density of Circular Current Loop and a Relevant Application

The series solution to the magnetic flux density of a circular current loop is presented in the paper. The convergences of these series are assessed. Comparing the result with elliptic integral method, the validity and feasibility of series solution were verified. A computer program has been developed by the method to calculate the magnetic flux density of a multi-coil magnet and its uniformity successfully.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Remove Welding Residual Stress for CFETR Vacuum Vessel by Trailing Ultrasonic Impact Treatment

The China fusion engineering test reactor (CFETR) vacuum vessel is welded by narrow gap TIG (NG-TIG) welding, and the welding residual stress of the CFETR vacuum vessel can be redistributed by trailing welding ultrasonic impact treatment. In order to investigate the feasibility of the residual stress removing scheme, and to obtain the optimal trailing ultrasonic impact treatment technological parameters in the process of removing welding residual stress, a welding model that similar to vacuum vessel welding seam is established by using ABAQUS software, a NG-TIG welding heat source subroutine which is written in FORTRAN language used to simulate NG-TIG welding. According to the welding simulation results, a trailing welding ultrasonic impact treatment model is established, and the effects of the impact pin number, the impact method, the impact pin diameter and the impact frequency on welding residual stress are studied. The results show that the longitudinal residual stress in welding seam and its adjacent area and the lateral residual stress in the whole region have been obviously decreased by different trailing welding ultrasonic impact processes, and have made the tensile stress in the welding seam and its adjacent area has been changed into compressive stress, which can provide theoretical guidance and reference for actual production.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Spectro Analytical, Computational and In Vitro Biological Studies of Novel Substituted Quinolone Hydrazone and it’s Metal Complexes

Some novel transition metal [Cu (II), Ni (II) and Co (II)] complexes of nalidixic acid hydrazone have been prepared and characterized by employing spectro-analytical techniques viz: elemental analysis, {sup 1}H-NMR, Mass, UV–Vis, IR, TGA-DTA, SEM-EDX, ESR and Spectrophotometry studies. The HyperChem 7.5 software was used for geometry optimization of title compound in its molecular and ionic forms. Quantum mechanical parameters, contour maps of highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) and corresponding binding energy values were computed using semi empirical single point PM3 method. The stoichiometric equilibrium studies of metal complexes carried out spectrophotometrically using Job’s continuous variation and mole ratio methods inferred formation of 1:2 (ML{sub 2}) metal complexes in respective systems. The title compound and its metal complexes screened for antibacterial and antifungal properties, exemplified improved activity in metal complexes. The studies of nuclease activity for the cleavage of CT- DNA and MTT assay for in vitro cytotoxic properties involving metal complexes exhibited high activity. In addition, the DNA binding properties of Cu (II), Ni (II) and Co (II) complexes investigated by electronic absorption and fluorescence measurements revealed their good binding ability and commended agreement of K{sub b} values obtained from both the techniques. Molecular docking studies were also performed to find the binding affinity of synthesized compounds with DNA (PDB ID: 1N37) and “Thymidine phosphorylase from E.coli” (PDB ID: 4EAF) protein targets.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Data Acquisition System of Nobeyama MKID Camera

We are developing a superconducting camera based on microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) to observe 100-GHz continuum with the Nobeyama 45-m telescope. A data acquisition (DAQ) system for the camera has been designed to operate the MKIDs with the telescope. This system is required to connect the telescope control system (COSMOS) to the readout system of the MKIDs (MKID DAQ) which employs the frequency-sweeping probe scheme. The DAQ system is also required to record the reference signal of the beam switching for the demodulation by the analysis pipeline in order to suppress the sky fluctuation. The system has to be able to merge and save all data acquired both by the camera and by the telescope, including the cryostat temperature and pressure and the telescope pointing. A collection of software which implements these functions and works as a TCP/IP server on a workstation was developed. The server accepts commands and observation scripts from COSMOS and then issues commands to MKID DAQ to configure and start data acquisition. We made a commissioning of the MKID camera on the Nobeyama 45-m telescope and obtained successful scan signals of the atmosphere and of the Moon.

42 ENGINEERING↗