First-Principles Simulations of Functional Materials for Energy Conversion
Computational modeling has become a very effective approach in predicting properties of materials, and in designing functional materials with targeted structural, thermal, or optical properties. Many electronic structure methods have been developed, including density functional theory. Among them, DFT has been widely used in physics and materials science because it is computationally cheaper than other methods but still gives desired accuracy. It also provides a good starting point for higher levels of theory, such as many-body perturbation theory and quantum Monte Carlo. In parallel to these electronic structure method developments, a dramatic increase in computing capabilities over the last decade has enabled large-scale electronic structure calculations to address leading-edge materials science problems. In particular, with Theta at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF), our early science project investigated large-scale nanostructured materials for energy conversion and storage using two open-source electronic structure codes Qbox (http://qboxcode.org) and WEST (http://west-code.org). Qbox is an ab-initio molecular dynamics code based on plane wave DFT, and WEST is a post-DFT code for excited state calculations within many-body perturbation theory.