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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Low-energy 17 O(𝑛,𝛾)⁢ 18 O reaction within the microscopic potential model and its role for the weak 𝑟 process

The neutron radiative capture reaction 17 O ⁡(𝑛,𝛾) ⁢18 O plays a pivotal role in both nuclear structure studies and astrophysical nucleosynthesis, particularly in the formation of elements during hydrostatic and explosive stellar environments. We calculated the 17 O ⁡(𝑛,𝛾) ⁢18 O cross section within the Skyrme Hartree-Fock potential model and analyzed electric dipole 𝐸⁢1 transitions to both positive- and negative-parity states below the α-decay threshold in 18 O. Our cross sections are significantly different from the data available in commonly used libraries. We further investigate the impact of the new calculated cross section on weak 𝑟-process nucleosynthesis using large-scale reaction network calculations across a wide range of electron fractions and entropies. Our results show that the 17 O ⁡(𝑛,𝛾) ⁢18 O reaction rate significantly influences the production of first 𝑟-process peak elements, such as strontium, under specific astrophysical conditions. This study highlights the importance of accurate nuclear data for light isotopes in modeling heavy-element synthesis and provides updated reaction rates for future nucleosynthesis simulations.

6 ≤ A ≤ 19↗
DOE OSTI2022

Systems Packages for Washington State Building Performance Standard Incentive Program: Phase 1 Analysis

Starting in 2026 Washington State building performance standards will come into effect that require commercial buildings larger than 50,000 sf to meet site energy use intensity targets. To support a state incentive program designed to encourage building owners to start complying early, we characterized the building stock energy use of 11 building types, analyzed 43 energy upgrade measures, and developed seven packages of energy upgrade measures using the ComStock energy analysis tool. Each energy upgrade package included from 4 to 17 energy measures consisting of lighting, HVAC, and envelope upgrades. Package savings were calculated for four priority building types using a sample of 35,000 buildings characterized by four building area bins, three climate zones, and two county types (urban and rural). Of the 28 package and building type combinations analyzed, 17 (61%) met or exceeded program energy savings targets and two packages met targets for all four building types.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

A Search for Photons with Energies Above 2 × 10 17 eV Using Hybrid Data from the Low-Energy Extensions of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Ultra-high-energy photons with energies exceeding 10 17 eV offer a wealth of connections to different aspects of cosmic-ray astrophysics as well as to gamma-ray and neutrino astronomy. The recent observations of photons with energies in the 10 15 eV range further motivate searches for even higher-energy photons. In this paper, we present a search for photons with energies exceeding 2 × 10 17 eV using about 5.5 yr of hybrid data from the low-energy extensions of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The upper limits on the integral photon flux derived here are the most stringent ones to date in the energy region between 10 17 and 10 18 eV.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Study of the Alfven eigenmodes stability in CFQS plasma using a Landau closure model

The aim of this study is to analyze the stability of the Alfven eigenmodes (AE) in the Chinese First Quasi-axisymmetric Stellarator (CFQS). The AE stability is calculated using the code FAR3d that solves the reduced MHD equations to describe the linear evolution of the poloidal flux and the toroidal component of the vorticity in a full 3D system, coupled with equations of density and parallel velocity moment for the energetic particles (EP) species including the effect of the helical couplings and acoustic modes. The Landau damping and resonant destabilization effects are added in the model by a given closure relation. The simulation results indicate the destabilization of n = 1 to 4 AEs by EP during the slowing down process, particularly n = 1 and n = 2 toroidal AEs (TAE), n = 3 elliptical AE (EAE) and n = 4 non circular AE (NAE). If the resonance is caused by EPs with an energy above 17 keV (weakly thermalized EP), n = 2 EAEs and n = 3 NAEs are unstable. On the other hand, EPs with an energy below 17 keV (late thermalization stage) lead to the destabilization of n = 3 and n = 4 TAEs. The simulations for an off-axis NBI injection indicate the further destabilization of n = 2 to 4 AEs although the growth rate of the n = 1 AEs slightly decreases, so no clear optimization trend with respect to the NBI deposition region is identified. In addition, n = 2, 4 helical AE (HAE) are unstable above an EP β threshold. Also, if the thermal β of the simulation increases (higher thermal plasma density) the AE stability of the plasma improves. Overall, the simulations including the effect of the finite Larmor radius and electron-ion Landau damping show the stabilization of the n = 1 to 4 EAE/NAEs as well as a decrease of the growth rate and frequency of the n = 1 to 4 BAE/TAEs.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Tailoring Thermal and Mechanical Performance Through Multimaterial Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition of Copper and 17-4PH Stainless Steel

This study investigates the additive manufacturing (AM) processing, microstructural evolution, and resulting mechanical and thermal properties of multimaterial components combining 17-4PH stainless steel and pure copper (Cu) fabricated via laser powder directed energy deposition (LP-DED). Conventional tooling steels exhibit limited thermal conductivity, significantly constraining production throughput in high-volume processes. Incorporating Cu, with its superior thermal conductivity, could significantly enhance tool performance, though Cu and steel present metallurgical incompatibilities when processed via AM. A systematic investigation was conducted across compositions ranging from 0 to 100 wt% Cu, revealing critical thresholds influencing solidification behavior, defect formation, microstructure, hardness, and thermal transport. Optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), hardness testing, and thermal conductivity measurements provided comprehensive process–structure–property correlations. Severe hot cracking occurred at low-Cu contents (6–25 wt%), aligning generally well with crack susceptibility modeling, with an unexpected discrepancy at 25 wt%. Porosity remained low (≥99% dense) throughout the compositional spectrum. EBSD analysis revealed a transformation from columnar martensitic structures at low-Cu contents to equiaxed FCC Cu-dominated structures at higher Cu concentrations, highlighting the complex microstructural transitions driven by Cu-induced changes in solidification and phase stability. Hardness decreased from 330 HV (pure 17-4PH) to 62 HV (pure Cu), consistent with microstructural changes. Concurrently, thermal conductivity improved substantially from 13.5 W/m K to 367.9 W/m K, emphasizing Cu’s dominant role in thermal transport. The findings highlight the feasibility of leveraging compositional gradients between 17-4PH and Cu to achieve tailored tooling with optimized thermal and mechanical performance.

17-4PH↗
DOE OSTI2026

The X17 with Chiral Couplings

In recent years, the ATOMKI collaboration has performed a series of measurements of excited nuclei, observing a resonant excess of electron-positron pairs at large opening angles compared to the Standard Model prediction. The excess has been hypothesized to be due to the production of a new spin-1 or spin-0 particle, X17, with a mass of about 17 MeV. Recently, the PADME experiment has reported an excess in the $e^+e^-$ cross section at center-of-mass energies near 17 MeV, perhaps further hinting at the existence of a new state. Studies of the spin-1 case have hitherto focused on either vector {\em or} axial-vector couplings to quarks and leptons, whereas UV theories more naturally produce {\em both} vector and axial-vector (\textit{i.e.} chiral) couplings, analogous to the Standard Model weak interactions. We consider the ATOMKI anomalies in the context of an $X$ with chiral couplings to quarks and explore the parameter space that can explain the ATOMKI anomalies, contrasting them with experimental constraints. We find that it is possible to accommodate the reported ATOMKI signals. However, the $99\%$ CL region is in tension with null results from searches for atomic parity violation and direct searches for new low mass physics coupled to electrons. This tension is found to be driven by the magnitude of the reported excess in the transition of $^{12}{\rm C}(17.23)$, which drives the best-fit region towards excluded couplings.

Fieg, Max H. [UC, Irvine; UC, Irvine (main); Fermi↗
DOE OSTI2023

Detection of a pair density wave state in UTe2

Abstract Spin-triplet topological superconductors should exhibit many unprecedented electronic properties, including fractionalized electronic states relevant to quantum information processing. Although UTe 2 may embody such bulk topological superconductivity 1–11 , its superconductive order parameter Δ( k ) remains unknown 12 . Many diverse forms for Δ( k ) are physically possible 12 in such heavy fermion materials 13 . Moreover, intertwined 14,15 density waves of spin (SDW), charge (CDW) and pair (PDW) may interpose, with the latter exhibiting spatially modulating 14,15 superconductive order parameter Δ( r ), electron-pair density 16–19 and pairing energy gap 17,20–23 . Hence, the newly discovered CDW state 24 in UTe 2 motivates the prospect that a PDW state may exist in this material 24,25 . To search for it, we visualize the pairing energy gap with μeV-scale energy resolution using superconductive scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) tips 26–31 . We detect three PDWs, each with peak-to-peak gap modulations of around 10 μeV and at incommensurate wavevectors P i =1,2,3 that are indistinguishable from the wavevectors Q i =1,2,3 of the prevenient 24 CDW. Concurrent visualization of the UTe 2 superconductive PDWs and the non-superconductive CDWs shows that every P i : Q i pair exhibits a relative spatial phase δϕ ≈ π. From these observations, and given UTe 2 as a spin-triplet superconductor 12 , this PDW state should be a spin-triplet PDW 24,25 . Although such states do exist 32 in superfluid 3 He, for superconductors, they are unprecedented.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantifying resonance behavior in the fusion of O 17 with C 12 at above-barrier energies

Recent measurement of the fusion excitation function for 17 O + 12 C reported the significant suppression of the fusion cross section at E c.m. ≈ 14 MeV. This suppression was hypothesized to signal the existence of a 16 O + n + 12 C molecular configuration. Using the active-target detector MuSIC@Indiana provided an effective means of reexamining the fusion excitation function for 17 O + 12 C.The accuracy of this thick-target measurement is strengthened through comparison with the thin-target measurement of the excitation function for 17 F + 12 C. Furthermore, the result provides important information about the dependence of the average fusion cross section for the oxygen isotopic chain on neutron excess.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Turning Outsiders into Insiders: A Call for Papers to Expand the Reach of National Laboratories’ Safety Successes, Challenges, Research, and Approaches

The most complex challenges facing the world today comprise the work of [Department of Energy’s] (DOE’s) 17 National Laboratories: [...] From furthering U.S. energy independence and leadership in clean technologies; to promoting innovation that advances U.S. economic competitiveness; to conducting research of the highest caliber in the physical, chemical, biological, materials, computational, and information sciences to advance understanding of the world around us-the Laboratories’ purview is expansive and further their contributions are indispensable.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Pierre Auger Observatory

Currently, neutrinos with energies above $10^{17}$ eV are detectable with the Surface Detector Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Here, the identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming $\tau$ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the earth. No neutrino candidates were found in $\sim\,14.7$ years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The $90\%$ C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an $E_\nu^{-2}$ spectrum in the energy range $1.0 \times 10^{17}~{\rm eV} - 2.5 \times 10^{19}~{\rm eV}$ is $E^2 {\rm d}N_\nu/{\rm d}E_\nu < 4.4 \times 10^{-9}~{\rm GeV~cm^{-2}~s^{-1}~sr^{-1}}$, placing strong constraints on several models of neutrino production at EeV energies and on the properties of the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Akiachak Energy Efficiency Retrofit Project

The goal of the project is to reduce the overall energy use of the Akiachak Native Community (ANC) by implementing energy efficiency measures in five high-use Tribal buildings. This project will have the following outcomes: Projected annual energy savings of $17,369; projected annual reduction in fuel oil #1 of 1,200 gallons and electricity of 17,751 kWh; annual reduction in carbon dioxide emissions of approximately 60,340 pounds/year. ANC will install energy efficiency measures in the Laundry, Tribal Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) Office, Clinic, Daycare, and Police Station. ANC obtained energy audits on these buildings in 2018, and this project will implement high-payback recommendations such as replacing lighting with LEDs, installing setback thermostats and occupancy sensors, replacing furnaces with more efficient models, replacing the circulation pumps with variable speed ones, air tightening, and adding insulation. Buildings will see energy cost reductions from 15% to 40%. These retrofits will help build ANC’s long-term vision for sustainable energy usage and address the first goal of the Tribal IRA Council’s Energy Efficiency and Conservation Strategy, to “create and maintain functionally appropriate, sustainable, accessible, high quality tribal infrastructure and facilities.” ANC intends to replicate this project by using the resulting energy savings to address audit recommendations in other buildings as well as to demonstrate the value of energy efficiency to community members. Other outcomes will include an increase in community resiliency, reduced dependence on outside shipments of fuel oil, training for maintenance staff, and no-touch control of building appliances to reduce transmission of diseases such as COVID-19.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2019

New method of analytic continuation of elastic-scattering data to the negative-energy region, and asymptotic normalization coefficients for O 17 and C 13

A new method is proposed for extrapolation of elastic-scattering data to the negative-energy region for a short-range interaction. It is shown that the proposed method has an advantage over the traditional one based on continuation of the effective-range function. The new method has been applied to determine the asymptotic normalization coefficients for the$^{17}O$ and $^{13}C$ nuclei in the $n+^{16}O$ and $n+^{12}C$ channels, respectively.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Improved Muon Energy Estimation Using a Detailed Model of Multiple Coulomb Scattering in the MicroBooNE LArTPC

We present an improved technique for estimating a muon's energy by measuring the deflections along its path inside the MicroBooNE detector from multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS). This approach implements several innovations that better capture detector non-idealizations compared to previous MCS-based muon energy estimators. As a result, it achieves improved resolution, reduced bias, and better data-model agreement. Using model simulation, for fully contained events the estimated bias is within 1\% and the estimated resolution narrows from 10\% to 4.3\% as muon energy increases from 0.1\,GeV to 2\,GeV. For events with particles exiting the detector volume, at least a meter of reconstructed muon track, and a muon energy below 2\,GeV, the estimated bias is less than 2\% and the estimated resolution varies from 7\% to 17\% over muon energy. These demonstrate significant improvements over the performance of previous work using an MCS-based energy estimator at MicroBooNE~\cite{mcs_2017}, which exhibited approximately twice worse resolution and a bias of 20\% over the same energy region. Data-model goodness-of-fit studies are used to validate the estimator's performance on data, showing good agreement within model uncertainties.

Cooper-Troendle, London [U. Pittsburgh (main); Fer↗
DOE OSTI2026

FleetREDI Insight: Beverage Delivery in New York City

Capturing real-world data is critical to improving efficiency and supporting technology advancements in commercial vehicles. FleetREDI’s insights provide detailed duty cycle information and highlight unique aspects of the given dataset. Each insight delivers a quick look at the collected data by summarizing the operation and identifying key findings of the initial analysis. This FleetREDI insight explores beverage delivery tractors operating in New York City. Last-mile beverage delivery supports local bars and restaurants throughout Manhattan and the broader New York City area. Manhattan Beer Distributors is a beverage delivery company operating in Manhattan and the Bronx. Logging devices were installed in 17 vehicles, and operational data were collected between August and October 2022. Two types of vehicles were included in data collection: 7 tractors and 10 bay trucks. Using NLR’s FleetREDI data platform, this dataset provides a summary of daily operation to help understand duty cycle characteristics. This includes daily distance, fuel use, and estimated engine-produced energy consumption for 17 bay trucks and tractors that operated more than 7,500 miles in slow-speed urban operation. ![FleetREDI beverage delivery](FleetREDI-beverage-delivery-nyc.jpg)

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Search for photons above 10 18 eV by simultaneously measuring the atmospheric depth and the muon content of air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the most sensitive instrument to detect photons with energies above 1 0 17 eV . It measures extensive air showers generated by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays using a hybrid technique that exploits the combination of a fluorescence detector with a ground array of particle detectors. The signatures of a photon-induced air shower are a larger atmospheric depth of the shower maximum ( X max ) and a steeper lateral distribution function, along with a lower number of muons with respect to the bulk of hadron-induced cascades. In this work, a new analysis technique in the energy interval between 1 and 30 EeV ( 1 EeV = 1 0 18 eV ) has been developed by combining the fluorescence detector-based measurement of X max with the specific features of the surface detector signal through a parameter related to the air shower muon content, derived from the universality of the air shower development. No evidence of a statistically significant signal due to photon primaries was found using data collected in about 12 years of operation. Thus, upper bounds to the integral photon flux have been set using a detailed calculation of the detector exposure, in combination with a data-driven background estimation. The derived 95% confidence level upper limits are 0.0403, 0.01113, 0.0035, 0.0023, and 0.0021 km − 2 sr − 1 yr − 1 above 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 EeV, respectively, leading to the most stringent upper limits on the photon flux in the EeV range. Compared with past results, the upper limits were improved by about 40% for the lowest energy threshold and by a factor 3 above 3 EeV, where no candidates were found and the expected background is negligible. The presented limits can be used to probe the assumptions on chemical composition of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays and allow for the constraint of the mass and lifetime phase space of super-heavy dark matter particles. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

A portable and monoenergetic 24 keV neutron source based on 124Sb-9Be photoneutrons and an iron filter

A portable monoenergetic 24 keV neutron source based on the 124Sb-9Be photoneutron reaction and an iron filter has been constructed and characterized. The coincidence of the neutron energy from SbBe and the low interaction cross-section with iron (mean free path up to 29 cm) makes pure iron specially suited to shield against gamma rays from 124Sb decays while letting through the neutrons. To increase the 124Sb activity and thus the neutron flux, a >1 GBq 124Sb source was produced by irradiating a natural Sb metal pellet with a high flux of thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor. The design of the source shielding structure makes for easy transportation and deployment. A hydrogen gas proportional counter is used to characterize the neutrons emitted by the source and a NaI detector is used for gamma background characterization. At the exit opening of the neutron beam, the characterization determined the neutron flux in the energy range 20–25 keV to be 6.00±0.30 neutrons per cm2 per second and the total gamma flux to be 245±8 gammas per cm2 per second (numbers scaled to 1 GBq activity of the 124Sb source). A liquid scintillator detector is demonstrated to be sensitive to neutrons with incident kinetic energies from 8 to 17 keV, so it can be paired with the source as a backing detector for neutron scattering calibration experiments. This photoneutron source provides a good tool for in-situ low energy nuclear recoil calibration for dark matter experiments and coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments.

Dark Matter detectors (WIMPs, axions, etc.)↗