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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1945

Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a Rectangular NACA 2212 Airfoil with Semispan Ailerons and with Nonperforated, Balanced Double Split Flaps for Use as Aerodynamic Brakes

Flat-plate flaps with no wing cutouts and flaps having Clark Y sections with corresponding cutouts made in wing were tested for various flap deflections, chord-wise locations, and gaps between flaps and airfoil contour. The drag was slightly lower for wing with airfoil section flaps. Satisfactory aileron effectiveness was obtained with flap gap of 20% wing chord and flap-nose location of 80 percent wing chord behind leading edge. Airflow was smooth and buffeting negligible.

AIRFOILS - NACA 2212 - CHAR & MOMENTS - WING FLAPS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Effects of K doping on structural and superconducting properties of Bi{sub 1.5}Pb{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 1.8}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ} compounds

Two kinds of potassium doped Bi(Pb)2212 samples are used to investigate the effect of doping the Bi(Pb)2212 ((Bi,Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8}) phase by potassium (K): In the first one K is substituted on the Sr site; In the second one K is added. Using the solid state method reaction samples of Bi{sub 1.5}Pb{sub 0.5}(Sr{sub 1.8−x}K{sub x})CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+d} and Bi{sub 1.5}Pb{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 1.8}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+d}K{sub x} (0 ≤ x≤ 0.05) have been prepared from powders of carbonates and primary oxides having purity over 99%. The samples have been characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and resistivity versus temperature measurements. Results show how the kind and the rate of doping by potassium affects the structural and transport properties of Bi(Pb)2212 phase.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Advanced silver sheathed 2212/Ag wire for high field magnets

Commercial High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) are all tape shaped (widths > 10 times thickness), because achieving useful current densities required them to be processed into this form, even though this also makes it more problematic to use them in some important coil types. Our product is based on 2212 (Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8) and it is the only HTS that can be processed into high current density wire forms that are similar to proven low temperature superconductors (LTS), while surpassing them in field generating and operating temperature capability. Required now are higher current density, lower cost and longer length 2212 wires to enable broad utilization where HTS tape usage is problematic. In Phase II we developed vital cost-lowering process technology elements and we test-processed longer wires with the standard commercial design as baseline and benchmark for our lower cost, higher quality and longer piece length wire advances. By initial application of Jc-boosting wire features, these wires exhibited significant performance increases. This Phase IIA program has now developed and qualified these technologies for lower cost, higher quality and longer piece length manufacturing in combination with current density-boosting wire features, paving the way to manufacturing capability that is essential for cost-effective commercial utilization of 2212 wire. Technical areas included automated, high uniformity powder packing, advanced drawing, annealing, lubricant cleaning and filament bundling, followed by integration of higher current density wire features and process variations.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1995

The oxygen content of the high-temperature superconducting compound Bi(2+x)Sr(3-y)CayCu2O(8+d) with respect to varying Ca and Bi contents

The oxygen content of Bi(2+x)Sr(3-y)Cu2O(8+d) (2212 phase) has been determined as a function of its cation concentration. With increasing Ca and Bi content the oxygen content increases and T(sub c) decreases. The oxygen content of Ca rich 2212 phase increases with decreasing annealing temperatures. The study shows that the T(sub c) of the 2212 phase primarily is controlled by its cation concentration.

Majewski, P.↗
NASA NTRS1999

X-Ray Continua of Broad Absorption Line Quasars

The targets for this program, PG1416-129 and LBQS 2212-1759 were known to be Broad Absorption Line Quasars (BALQSOs). BALQSOs are highly absorbed in soft X-rays. Good high energy response of Rossi-XTE made them ideal targets for observation. We observed LBQS 2212-1759 with PCA. We have now analyzed the data and found that the source was not detected. Since our target was expected to be faint, reliable estimate of background was very important. With the release of new FTOOLS (version 4.1) we were able to do so. We also analyzed a well known bright object and verified our results with the published data. This gave us confidence in the non-detection of our target LBQS 2212-1759. We are currently investigating the implications of this non-detection. Due to some scheduling problems, our second target PG1416-129 was not observed in A01. It was observed on 06/26/98. This target was detected with RXTE. We are now working on the spectral analysis with XSPEC.

Mathur, S.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Simultaneous observation of the poleward expansion of substorm electrojet activity and the tailward expansion of current sheet disruption in the near-earth magnetotail

A substorm that occurred on 7 June 1985 at 2209 UT for which simultaneous measurements from ground stations and CCE are available is considered. The event occurred during a close conjunction between CCE, the EISCAT magnetometer cross, and the STARE radar, allowing a detailed comparison of satellite and ground-based data. Two discrete activations took place during the first few minutes of this substorm: the expansion phase onset at 2209 UT and an intensification at 2212 UT, corresponding to a poleward expansion of activity. The energetic particle data indicate that the active region of the magnetotail during the 2212 UT intensification was located tailward of the active region at 2209 UT. This is direct evidence for a correspondence between tailward expansion of localized activity in the near-earth magnetotail (current disruption and particle energization) and poleward expansion of activity (electrojet formation) in the ionosphere.

Lopez, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS2000

A Cryogenic Magnetostrictive Actuator Using a Persistent High Temperature Superconducting Magnet: Concept and Design - Part 1

Cryogenic magnetostrictive materials, such as rare earth zinc crystals, offer high strains and high forces with minimally applied magnetic fields, making the material ideally suited for deformable optics applications. For cryogenic temperature applications the use of superconducting magnets offer the possibility of a persistent mode of operation, i.e., the magnetostrictive material will maintain a strain field without power. High temperature superconductors (HTS) are attractive options if the temperature of operation is higher than 10 degrees Kelvin (K) and below 77 K. However, HTS wires have constraints that limit the minimum radius of winding, and even if good wires can be produced, the technology for joining superconducting wires does not exist. In this paper, the design and capabilities of a rare earth zinc magnetostrictive actuator using bulk HTS is described. Bulk superconductors can be fabricated in the sizes required with excellent superconducting properties. Equivalent permanent magnets, made with this inexpensive material, are persistent, do not require a persistent switch as in HTS wires, and can be made very small. These devices are charged using a technique which is similar to the one used for charging permanent magnets, e.g., by driving them into saturation. A small normal conducting coil can be used for charging or discharging. Because of the magnetic field capability of the superconductor material, a very small amount of superconducting magnet material is needed to actuate the rare earth zinc. In this paper, several designs of actuators using YBCO and BSCCO 2212 superconducting materials are presented. Designs that include magnetic shielding to prevent interaction between adjacent actuators will also be described. Preliminary experimental results and comparison with theory for BSCCO 2212 with a magnetostrictive element will be discussed.

Horner, Garnett↗
NASA NTRS2001

A Cryogenic Magnetostrictive Actuator using a Persistent High Temperature Superconducting Magnet, Part 1: Concept and Design: Concept and Design - Part 1

Cryogenic magnetostrictive materials, such as rare earth zinc crystals, offer high strains and high forces with minimally applied magnetic fields, making the material ideally suited for deformable optics applications. For cryogenic temperature applications, such as Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST), the use of superconducting magnets offer the possibility of a persistent mode of operation, i.e., the magnetostrictive material will maintain a strain field without power. High temperature superconductors (HTS) are attractive options if the temperature of operation is higher than 10 degrees Kelvin (K) and below 77 K. However, HTS wires have constraints that limit the minimum radius of winding, and even if good wires can be produced, the technology for joining superconducting wires does not exist. In this paper, the design and capabilities of a rare earth zinc magnetostrictive actuator using bulk HTS is described. Bulk superconductors can be fabricated in the sizes required with excellent superconducting properties. Equivalent permanent magnets, made with this inexpensive material, are persistent, do not require a persistent switch as in HTS wires, and can be made very small. These devices are charged using a technique which is similar to the one used for charging permanent magnets, e.g., by driving them into saturation. A small normal conducting coil can be used for charging or discharging. Very fast charging and discharging of HTS tubes, as short as 100 microseconds, has been demonstrated. Because of the magnetic field capability of the superconductor material, a very small amount of superconducting magnet material is needed to actuate the rare earth zinc. In this paper, several designs of actuators using YBCO and BSCCO 2212 superconducting materials are presented. Designs that include magnetic shielding to prevent interaction between adjacent actuators will also be described. Preliminary experimental results and comparison with theory for BSSCO 2212 with a magnetostrictive element will be discussed.

Horner, Garnett C.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Radiative Transfer, Non-transparency, Stability Against Quench in Superconductors and Their Correlations

Radiative transfer calculations are presented for multi-filamentary BSCCO 2212 and 2223 and for thin film-coated YBaCuO 123 superconductors. A strictly radiative view allows conductor morphology of these superconductors to be interpreted as particulate or quasi-particulate objects. Problems then arising from non-regular particle shape, missing refractive indices, dependent scattering and superconductor material (diamagnetic) properties are solved in a multi-step, approximation approach. Both types of conductors are shown to be non-transparent to mid-IR radiation. Non-transparency may become critical for superconductor stability. The obtained extinction cross sections converge near the phase transition. A substantial difference of extinction properties between the superconducting and normal conducting state thus cannot be observed. As a first corollary from non-transparency, application of the additive approximation for the total thermal conductivity used in previous numerical calculations of the BSCCO and YBaCuO superconductors is confirmed. Second, within transit time intervals, the length of which depends on optical thickness, no uniform equilibrium conditions of electron pair density within the conductor cross section and near critical temperature are observed. Phase transition does not proceed uniformly, neither spatial nor temporal, and the order (succession on time scales) of local events (temperature variations, quench), in extreme cases, is completely dissolved. As another corollary, non-transparency even makes the existence of uniquely defined, physical time scales doubtful in a superconductor. The obtained results are expected to improve existing stability models and will be of practical value for future materials development.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Effect of Cesium Substitution on the Superconducting Properties of Bi-2212 Samples Prepared Via Solid-State Reaction and Laser Floating Zone Technique

In this work, the effect of cesium substitution on the structural and superconducting properties of Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 1-x}Cs{sub x}Cu{sub 2}O{sub +y} (where x = 0.0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.10, 0.125, and 0.15) samples prepared by the solid-state reaction route and by directional growth using the laser floating zone (LFZ) technique has been studied. X-ray diffraction has shown that both kinds of samples present the 2212 phase as the major one, with pseudo tetragonal structure, accompanied by minor amounts of (Sr,Ca)CuO{sub 2} and Bi{sub 2}(Sr,Ca){sub 4}O{sub 6 + d} secondary phases. SEM-EDX results indicate that Bi-2212 phase is the major one, with small amounts of secondary phases. Cs substitution diminishes the size and content of secondary phases. Magnetization measurements reflect different behavior for sintered and LFZ grown samples. Although the diamagnetic transition is very wide for the former samples, it is very sharp for the last ones. The critical onset temperatures, T{sub C}, are around 80 and 90 K, for sintered and LFZ grown samples, respectively. Moreover, M–H measurements indicate that LFZ grown samples exhibit larger areas than the sintered ones. The intragranular critical current, J{sub C}, calculated from the M–H loops and Bean’s formula, is maximum for x = 0.025Cs sintered and x = 0.05Cs LFZ grown samples. The maximum pinning forces, F{sub Pmax}, determined in these samples are higher than those obtained in undoped ones, reaching 9 × 10{sup 7} Oe*A/cm{sup 2} and 10 × 10{sup 8} Oe*A/cm{sup 2}, at 10 K, for sintered and LFZ grown samples, respectively.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Design of a self-aligned, wide temperature range (300 mK-300 K) atomic force microscope/magnetic force microscope with 10 nm magnetic force microscope resolution

We describe the design of a wide temperature range (300 mK-300 K) atomic force microscope/magnetic force microscope with a self-aligned fibre-cantilever mechanism. An alignment chip with alignment groves and a special mechanical design are used to eliminate tedious and time consuming fibre-cantilever alignment procedure for the entire temperature range. A low noise, Michelson fibre interferometer was integrated into the system for measuring deflection of the cantilever. The spectral noise density of the system was measured to be ~12 fm/√Hz at 4.2 K at 3 mW incident optical power. Abrikosov vortices in BSCCO(2212) single crystal sample and a high density hard disk sample were imaged at 10 nm resolution to demonstrate the performance of the system.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2014

Reinforced fluropolymer nanocomposites with high-temperature superconducting Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub y}

Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide (Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub y})/Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite was prepared and their thermal properties were analyzed. The composite consists of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as an insulating polymer matrix, and homogenously distributed Bismuth strontium calcium copperoxide (2212) nanoparticles. SEM data shows flaky grains of the superconductor coated and linked by polymer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that the melting point was not affected significantly by the addition of BSCCO. However, the addition of superconducting ceramic resulted in an extra melting peak at a lower temperature (145°C). Thermogravimetric analysis of the samples shows that the onset decomposition temperature of the PVDF matrix was decreased by the addition of SC filler.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2013

Thermal emission of WASP-14b revealed with three Spitzer eclipses

Exoplanet WASP-14b is a highly irradiated, transiting hot Jupiter. Joshi et al. calculate an equilibrium temperature (T {sub eq}) of 1866 K for zero albedo and reemission from the entire planet, a mass of 7.3 ± 0.5 Jupiter masses (M {sub J}), and a radius of 1.28 ± 0.08 Jupiter radii (R {sub J}). Its mean density of 4.6 g cm{sup -3} is one of the highest known for planets with periods less than three days. We obtained three secondary eclipse light curves with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The eclipse depths from the best jointly fit model are 0.224% ± 0.018% at 4.5 μm and 0.181% ± 0.022% at 8.0 μm. The corresponding brightness temperatures are 2212 ± 94 K and 1590 ± 116 K. A slight ambiguity between systematic models suggests a conservative 3.6 μm eclipse depth of 0.19% ± 0.01% and brightness temperature of 2242 ± 55 K. Although extremely irradiated, WASP-14b does not show any distinct evidence of a thermal inversion. In addition, the present data nominally favor models with day-night energy redistribution less than ∼30%. The current data are generally consistent with oxygen-rich as well as carbon-rich compositions, although an oxygen-rich composition provides a marginally better fit. We confirm a significant eccentricity of e = 0.087 ± 0.002 and refine other orbital parameters.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

A Low Loss, Fast Ramp HTS Solenoid Prototype for Compact Spherical Tokamaks

To explore AC loss characteristics of commercial Bi-2212 conductors made in the USA, a small ohmic heating (OH) prototype coil is being developed for compact tokamaks using high performance Bi-2212 wires newly manufactured by Bruker EST. Here, the goal is to build and test Bi-2212 prototype coils for fast ramp central solenoid (CS) operation of spherical tokamaks (ST). For a ST pilot plant, one of the key challenges is the tight space available for CS in a center column where in-board legs of the toroidal field (TF) and OH coils are assembled into a cryostat with a few millimeters clearance. A high current density Rutherford cable consisting of 17 legacy Bi-2212 wires, a contribution of the US Magnet Development Program (MDP), was fabricated at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) for the development of fast ramp CS magnets in the ST Advanced Reactor (STAR) designed by PPPL. Characterization of the new and legacy HTS wires is presented, along with the coil design wound directly with new wire, and a Rutherford cable-wound solenoid using the legacy wire. A comparison of AC losses is made based on expected performance for a fast ramp ST operation. The HTS cable and cabled coil fabrication issues such as the heat treatment, coil mandrel design, assembly and 2212 quench characteristics are discussed, along with a test plan for CS design validation.

Zhai, Yuhu [Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (P↗
DOE OSTI2014

Final Report: MATERIALS, STRANDS, AND CABLES FOR SUPERCONDUCTING ACCELERATOR MAGNETS [Grant Number DE-SC0010312]

Our program consisted of the two components: Strand Research and Cable Research, with a focus on Nb3Sn, Bi2212, and YBCO for accelerator magnet applications. We demonstrated a method to refine the grains in Nb3Sn by a factor of two, reaching 45 nm grain sizes, and layer Jcs of 6 kA/mm2 at 12 T. W also measured conductor magnetization for field quality. This has been done both with Nb3Sn conductor, as well as Bi:2212 strand. Work in support of quench studies of YBCO coils was also performed. Cable loss studies in Nb3Sn focused on connecting and comparing persistent magnetization and coupling magnetization for considering their relative impact on HEP machines. In the area of HTS cables, we have investigated both the quench in multistrand YBCO CORC cables, as well as the magnetization of these cables for use in high field magnets. In addition, we examined the magnetic and thermal properties of large (50 T) solenoids.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
NASA NTRS1990

Effect of oxygen stoichiometry on T(sub c) of Bi-based superconductors

The role of oxygen stoichiometry on T(sub c) is relatively well established on La2CuO(4+x) and the YBa2Cu3O(7-x) (123) superconductors, as compared to the Bi-based superconductors. Results are presented of investigations on the effects of oxygen stoichiometry on the transition temperature T(sub c) of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8+x) (2212 phase), and Pb-doped Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O(10+X) (2223 phase). It is shown that the effects of oxygen stoichiometry on T(sub c) of these two phases are very different. These results may be helpful in understanding the mechanism of superconductivity in the Bi-based superconductors.

Zhao, J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Dependence of transition temperature on hole concentration per CuO2 sheet in the Bi-based superconductors

The recently observed variations of the transition temperature (T sub c) with oxygen content in the Bi based (2212) and (2223) superconductors are analyzed in terms of p+, the hole concentration per CuO2 sheet. This analysis shows that in this system, T sub c increases with p+ initially, reaching maxima at p+ = 0.2 approx. 0.3, followed by monotonic decrease of T sub c with p+. The forms of these variations are similar to those observed in the La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4 and YBa2Cu3Oy systems, suggesting that p+ may be an important variable governing superconductivity in the cuprate superconductors.

Zhao, J.↗