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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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Weapon Physicist Declassifies Rescued Nuclear Test Films

The U.S. conducted 210 atmospheric nuclear tests between 1945 and 1962, with multiple cameras capturing each event at around 2,400 frames per second. But in the decades since, around 10,000 of these films sat idle, scattered across the country in high-security vaults. Not only were they gathering dust, the film material itself was slowly decomposing, bringing the data they contained to the brink of being lost forever. For the past five years, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) weapon physicist Greg Spriggs and a crack team of film experts, archivists and software developers have been on a mission to hunt down, scan, reanalyze and declassify these decomposing films. The goals are to preserve the films’ content before it’s lost forever, and provide better data to the post-testing-era scientists who use computer codes to help certify that the aging U.S. nuclear deterrent remains safe, secure and effective.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗

The HL-20 as the personnel launch system

To ensure manned access to space, the Personnel Launch System (PLS) is under consideration by NASA as a complement to the Space Shuttle. Its primary mission will be to transport crew and passengers to and from the Space Station Freedom in low earth orbit (LEO). There are currently two design studies being funded: a biconic, ballistic-shaped vehicle at JSC and a lifting body concept at LaRC. In the late 1950's, both NASA and the Air Force were engaged in the study of lifting bodies for LEO vehicles. Projects included the M2F2 series, the X24 series, and the HL-10. These lifting bodies derive their lift solely from the shape of the fuselage. By the mid-1960's, full scale models were actually built and tested with some success and some failure. Langley's HL-10 was one of the most successful of these projects. However, these studies were temporarily shelved while work progressed on the Space Shuttle. Some of the test results from these studies actually led to concept refinements on certain aspects of the Space Shuttle development. Due to the more recent successes of the Space Shuttle Program and a directive to place a Space Station in orbit, there has been renewed interest in developing a lifting body vehicle as the PLS. The vehicle, the HL-20, is an LaRC Project in the Space Systems Division, involving the efforts of a number of individuals. Data on the research carried out for peer and lay review has been available in hard copy format, but a need existed for actual video footage, combined with scientific visualization technology, for presentation and archival purposes. The purpose of this project was to satisfy this need.

Beam, Sherilee F.↗

Documenting of Geologic Field Activities in Real-Time in Four Dimensions: Apollo 17 as a Case Study for Terrestrial Analogues and Future Exploration

During the Apollo exploration of the lunar surface, thousands of still images, 16 mm videos, TV footage, samples, and surface experiments were captured and collected. In addition, observations and descriptions of what was observed was radioed to Mission Control as part of standard communications and subsequently transcribed. The archive of this material represents perhaps the best recorded set of geologic field campaigns and will serve as the example of how to conduct field work on other planetary bodies for decades to come. However, that archive of material exists in disparate locations and formats with varying levels of completeness, making it not easily cross-referenceable. While video and audio exist for the missions, it is not time synchronized, and images taken during the missions are not time or location tagged. Sample data, while robust, is not easily available in a context of where the samples were collected, their descriptions by the astronauts are not connected to them, or the video footage of their collection (if available). A more than five year undertaking to reconstruct and reconcile the Apollo 17 mission archive, from launch through splashdown, has generated an integrated record of the entire mission, resulting in searchable, synchronized image, voice, and video data, with geologic context provided at the time each sample was collected. Through www.apollo17.org the documentation of the field investigation conducted by the Apollo 17 crew is presented in chronologic sequence, with additional context provided by high-resolution Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) images and a corresponding digital terrain model (DTM) of the Taurus-Littrow Valley.

APOLLO 17↗

Savannah River Site H-Canyon Process Exhaust Tunnel Inspection Crawler Development - 20036

This paper covers development of a remote crawler used to inspect a subterranean radiochemical process ventilation tunnel located at the Savannah River Site near Aiken, SC. The purpose of the inspection was to ascertain the apparent structural condition of the tunnel with video footage. Manned entry is prohibited due to the hazardous environment requiring a fully-remote approach. The inspection system used high-definition cameras to archive over 1000 linear feet in the tunnel. While previous inspections had been undertaken, this crawler was developed to overcome obstacles that had put tunnel regions out of reach of prior inspection platforms. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗