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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Effects of spin-orbit-interaction-activated interchannel coupling on photoemission time delay

Here, spin-orbit-interaction-activated interchannel coupling (SOIAIC) has been investigated theoretically in the time delay domain for 3d photoemission in the isoelectronic sequence I – , Xe, and Cs + using the relativistic-random-phase approximation with relaxation. The results show that SOIAIC becomes more important with increasing nuclear charge, and that time delay is affected more strongly than cross sections or photoelectron angular distribution β parameters.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1996

The Interaction-Activity Connection

A review is presented of the numerous studies that have been undertaken to investigate the likely interaction-activity connection among galaxies. Both observational evidence and theoretical supporting models are reviewed. Some specific examples of "interactive" galaxies from the author's own research are presented: (a) the collision-induced AGN (Active Galactic Nuclei) activity in the radio jet source 3C278; and (b) the collision-induced starburst activity in the spectacular "Cartwheel" ring galaxy. Some comments are offered concerning some of the more promising theoretical investigations that are now taking place. A few words of warning are also offered about the possible misinterpretation of putative collision-induced morphologies among some galaxy samples.

Borne, Kirk D.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Radio jets in colliding galaxies: Testing the interaction-activity connection

The idea that galaxy interactions and merging are related to the generation of starburst and AGN activity in galactic nuclei has been the subject of intensive investigations over the past several years and is still a matter of lively debate. Peculiar morphologies, indicative of tidal interactions, have been detected in high-luminosity radio galaxies, in quasars, and in ultraluminous IRAS galaxies. In addition, low-luminosity radio and active galaxies show similar evidence for a recent merger or for nearby companions. In a recent CCD optical study of galaxies selected on the basis that they all contain well defined radio jets, it was found that almost half of the sample consists of pairs of elliptical galaxies. Many of these low-luminosity radio galaxies with companions show a well defined distorted radio jet structure at the VLA scale with an S- or C-shaped morphology. We have developed a general numerical simulation algorithm for ballistic radio jets with the intention of applying this model to the study of the bent jets seen in colliding pairs of galaxies and with the hope of testing the well documented interaction-activity connection. In our model the morphological evolution of the jets is determined by their response to the simple mechanical forces (i.e., gravity and ram pressure) imposed on them from both the host and the companion galaxies. Radiative losses, jet precession, magnetic effects, relativistic terms, and hydrodynamic instabilities have all been ignored. Starting with a previously derived collision model for the interacting pair of elliptical galaxies NGC 4782/4783, we have used our algorithm to simulate the specific two-sided jet morphology seen in the radio source 3C 278, associated with NGC 4782. This is the first time that such jet simulations have been produced for a galaxy pair whose relative orbit was determined independently from the jet modeling.

Borne, Kirk D.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Relativistic and correlation effects in the photoionization dynamics of oganesson ( Z = 118): Spin-orbit-interaction-activated interchannel coupling effects

High-Z atoms are excellent laboratories to study the combination of relativistic and many-electron correlation effects in electronic structure and dynamics. In the present work, the relativistic-random-phase approximation at different levels of truncation is employed to explore the final-state correlation effects in the photoelectron dynamics of the heaviest known element in the Periodic Table: oganesson (Og) with Z = 118. Here, the focus of this work is to illustrate the relativistic effects resulting from coupling different photoionization channels arising from spin-orbit split subshells, termed the spin-orbit-interaction-activated interchannel coupling effect. Comparison with the photoelectron dynamics of Rn on a qualitative level is also carried out, since Og is a homologue of Rn. The photoelectron dynamics of 7p, 7s, and 6d subshells are investigated and differences between Og and Rn, due to enhanced relativistic effects, are investigated.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Mean-field theory for the structure of strongly interacting active liquids

Active systems, which are driven out of equilibrium by local non-conservative forces, exhibit unique behaviors and structures with potential utility for the design of novel materials. An important and difficult challenge along the path toward this goal is to precisely predict how the structure of active systems is modified as their driving forces push them out of equilibrium. Here, we use tools from liquid-state theories to approach this challenge for a classic minimal active matter model. First, we construct a nonequilibrium mean-field framework that can predict the structure of systems of weakly interacting particles. Second, motivated by equilibrium solvation theories, we modify this theory to extend it with surprisingly high accuracy to systems of strongly interacting particles, distinguishing it from most existing similarly tractable approaches. Furthermore, our results provide insight into spatial organization in strongly interacting out-of-equilibrium systems.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1991

The galaxy activity-interaction connection. I - Optical observations

As part of an investigation into the triggering of nuclear radio emission in interacting galaxies, new multicolor, broadband data are presented from a subset of Arp-Madore Catalog galaxies selected on the basis of their optical morphology - systems with loops and/or tails. The CTIO 4 m is used to obtain images in B, V, R, and I for the purpose of performing synthetic aperture photometry. Isophotal ellipse fitting to the more regular objects in the sample is also performed to quantify their isophotal deviation from purely elliptical morphologies. Color index maps for the galaxies are constructed, and the optical morphologies, broadband colors, and detailed photometric properties as well as the IRAS fluxes for the galaxies are discussed. These data are used to obtain a rough measure of the level of activity present in these systems.

Smith, Eric P.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Heteroatom-Doped Graphenes as Actively Interacting 2D Encapsulation Media for Mg-Based Hydrogen Storage

Nanoencapsulation using graphene derivatives enables the facile fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) nanocomposites with unique microstructures and has been generally applied to many fields of energy materials. Particularly, metal hydrides such as MgH 2 encapsulated by graphene derivatives have emerged as a promising hybrid material for overcoming the disadvantageous properties of Mg-based hydrogen storage. Although the behavior of the graphene–Mg nanoencapsulation interface has been studied for many composite materials, the direct modification of graphene with nonmetal foreign elements for changing the interfacial behavior has been limitedly reported. In this regard, using B-doped graphene and N-doped graphene as nanoencapsulation media for tuning the interfacial behavior of graphene derivative–Mg nanoparticles, we present altered hydrogen storage kinetics of heteroatom-doped (B and N) graphene–Mg composites. The effect of heteroatom doping is studied in terms of bonding configurations and heteroatom doping concentrations. The enhancement in hydrogen uptake was observed for all of the heteroatom-doped graphene–Mg nanocomposites. On the other hand, a few samples exhibit significantly low activation energy at the early stage of desorption, which can be related to the facilitated nucleus formation. Density functional theory calculation indicates that B-doping and N-doping accelerate hydrogen absorption kinetics in different ways, aiding charge transfer and inducing surface deformation of Mg nanoparticles, respectively. Their effects can be augmented in the presence of structural defects on graphene, such as vacancies, pores, or graphene edges. These results demonstrate that hydrogen storage kinetics of Mg-based systems can be altered by utilizing heteroatom-doped graphene oxide derivatives as 2D nanoencapsulation media, suggesting that the addition of a nonmetal doping element can also be applied to Mg-based hydrogen storage by modifying the nanoencapsulation interface without forming Mg alloy phases.

08 HYDROGEN↗
NASA NTRS1993

The Galaxy activity-interaction connection. II - Radio observations

VLA results are presented for southern interacting galaxies at 6 and 20 cm, with a view to the detection and classification of the nature of radio emission in a set of advanced-interaction disk galaxies. Maps of radio emission are given for the 42 interacting systems in the sample, as well as 10 control systems, and radio properties are compared with optical and IR properties; the radio in all of the present interacting galaxies are attributable to properties associated with a burst of star formation due to galaxy interaction.

Smith, Eric P.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Highlights of Project Accomplishments (2000-2004): Redshift Dependence of the Interaction-Activity Connection

We completed this project by developing the new galaxy-galaxy collision simulation code that we originally proposed. We included star formation heuristically, along with gas recycling and energetic feedback into the interstellar medium of the galaxies. We ran several test simulations. And we finally validated the code by running models to emulate the double-ring galaxy AM 0644-741. Most of the exotic and unique features of this collisional ring galaxy were matched by our models, thereby validating our algorithm, which may now be used by us and by the community for additional dynamic studies of galaxies. A paper has been submitted to the Astrophysical Journal describing our algorithm and the results of the AM 0644-741 modeling.

Borne, Kirk D.↗
NASA NTRS1990

The interaction of active comets with the solar wind

The interaction of the solar wind with active comets is investigated based on observations of cometary plasma processes and studies of comets using telescopes and photographic plates. Data were also collected when a spacecraft flew through the tail of Comet Giacobini-Zinner in 1985 and five spacecraft encountered Comet Halley in 1986. The solar wind is considered to be supersonic (thermal Mach number 2-10) and to carry a magnetic field twisted into an Archimedean spiral by the rotation of the sun. Since the wind can change its properties during the time a spacecraft is inside the ionosphere or magnetosphere of the body being studied, it is difficult to separate spatial from temporal effects. Photoionization results in addition of plasma to the solar wind. Between the outer and inner edges of the cometosheath, the increasing rate of ion pickup causes the flow to slow down until it stagnates, while the plasma density and the magnetic field strength increase.

Neugebauer, Marcia↗
NASA NTRS2002

Continual coordination of spacecraft through shared activities

Interacting agents that interleave planning and execution must reach consensus on their commitments to each other. In domains where agents have varying degrees of interaction and different constraints on communication and computation, agents will require different coordination protocols in order to efficiently reach consensus. ShAC (Shared Activity Coordination) is a framework for designing coordination protocols with an algorithm for continually coordinating agents using these protocols during execution. We show how to construct a wide range of protocols using this framework and describe how ShAC coordinates two rovers and an orbiter in a simulated Mars scenario.

Multiple agents coordination planning scheduling M↗
NASA NTRS2002

Continual coordination of shared activities

Interacting agents that interleave planning and execution must reach consensus on their commitments to each other. For domains with varying degrees of interaction and different constraints on communication and computation, agents will require different coordination protocols in order to efficiently achieve their goals. ShAC (Shared Activity Coordination) is a framework for designing coordination protocols and an algorithm for continually coordinating agents using these protocols during execution. We show how a variety of protocols can be constructed using this framework and describe how ShAC coordinates two rovers and an orbiter in a simulated Mars scenario.

multiple agents coordination planning scheduling M↗
NASA NTRS2003

Continual coordination through shared activities

Interacting agents that interleave planning and execution must reach consensus on their commitments to each other. In domains where agents have varying degrees of interaction and different constraints on communication and computation, agents will require different coordination protocols in order to efficiently reach consensus in real time. We briefly describe a largely unexplored class of realtime, distributed planning problems (inspired by interacting spacecraft missions), new challenges they pose, and a general approach to solving the problems. These problems involve self-interested agents that have infrequent communication but collaborate on joint activities. We describe a Shared Activity Coordination (SHAC) framework that provides a decentralized algorithm for negotiating the scheduling of shared activities over the lifetimes of separate missions, a soft, real-time approach to reaching consensus during execution with limited communication, and a foundation for customizing protocols for negotiating planner interactions. We apply SHAC to a realistic simulation of interacting Mars missions and illustrate the simplicity of protocol development.

planning↗
NASA NTRS1990

Spacecraft observations of the interaction of active comets with the solar wind

Six spacecraft encountered two comets during 1985 and 1986, obtaining a wealth of data relative to the plasma processes at work in the interaction of an active comet with the solar wind. A review of what space plasma scientists have learned from these data and of their interpretations is presented. The interaction process begins millions of kilometers from the nucleus where the solar wind first picks up cometary ions that slow down the wind and causes the interplanetary magnetic field to pile up and drape around the comet's ionosphere. Thus the geometry of a comet's plasma tail is defined by this draped field. At Halley the Giotto spacecraft noted a well-defined boundary separating the mixture of solar wind and cometary plasmas and the interplanetary magnetic field from the free-field, almost pure cometary plasma in the inner coma. Additional unexpected features in the inner coma were a flux of fast 'granddaughter' ions and high densities of negative ions. Further details covering pickup ions and plasma waves, mass loading, bow shock, energetic particles, the cometosheath, the ionopause, the plasma tail, and the field-free region are provided.

Neugebauer, M.↗