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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1981

Meteorological satellite data: A tool to describe the health of the world's agriculture

Local area coverage data acquired aboard the TIROS-N satellite family by the advanced very high resolution radiometer systems was examined to determine the agricultural information current. Albedo differences between channel 2 and channel 1 of the advanced very high resolution radiometer LAC (called EVI) are shown to be closely correlated to the Ashburn vegetative index produced from LANDSAT multispectral scanner data which have been shown to vary in response to "greenness", soil moisture, and crop production. The statistical correlation between the EVI and the Ashburn Vegetative Index (+ or - 1 deg) is 0.86.

Gray, T. I., Jr.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Data and scripts associated with “Non-random processes impacting organic matter chemistry are maximized in mid-order streams”

NOTE: The manuscript associated with this data package is currently in review. The data may be revised based on reviewer feedback. Upon manuscript acceptance, this data package will be updated with the final dataset and additional metadata. This data package is associated with the publication “Non-random processes impacting organic matter chemistry are maximized in mid-order streams” submitted to Limnology and Oceanography (L&O) by Danczak et al. (in review). This package contains data and scripts used to investigate dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecular chemistry and diversification processes across 47 surface-water sampling sites in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, USA, during an August 2021 sampling campaign. The package contains analyses of ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS), geochemical measurements, geospatial attributes, molecular diversity, and meta-metabolome ecological null models needed to reproduce the main manuscript results. The underlying field data were pulled from exising data packages at https://doi.org/10.15485/1892052 (Fulton et al., 2022) and https://doi.org/10.15485/1898914 (Grieger et al., 2022). For details on how to navigate data packages generated by this project, see https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/portals/PNNLRiverCorridorSFA/About. We thank the following organizations for providing access to field locations for sample collection: the United States Forest Service, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Natural Resources, the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, and the Cowiche Canyon Conservatory. Research was conducted under Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission Scientific Research Permit #210901. We are grateful to the Yakama Nation Tribal Council and Yakama Nation Fisheries for their collaboration in facilitating sample collection and ensuring data usage aligns with their values and worldview. This data package contains an R-Markdown file for analyses and five folders: (1) Data, (2) Geospatial Data, (3) Supplemental_Files, (5) Figures_pdf, (4) and src. The Data folder contains tabular inputs and derived files used in the manuscript analysis. The Geospatial Data folder contains climate and water-balance, hydrologic, land-cover, population/regional water-use, stream, topographic, and stream-order attribute CSV files. The src folder contains scripts used to process data, run analyses, and generate figures. The Figures_pdf folder contains manuscript figure outputs. The Supplemental_Files folder contains supplemental analysis products. All files are .csv, .pdf, .html, .png, .R, .Rmd, .svg, or .tre. This data package is associated with the rcfsa-RC2-SPS_Null_Modeling repository found at https://github.com/river-corridors-sfa/rcfsa-RC2-SPS_Null_Modeling.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2024

Platte River Water Resources: Assessing Urban Flood Vulnerability to Select Restoration Sites for Urban Woods and Prairies in the Great Plains

In the Platte River Basin, wetlands provide ecosystem services such as flood mitigation and wildlife habitat. However, increasing urban development in the area has impacted natural floodplain processes, leading to a decline in wildlife habitat and an elevated flood risk for nearby communities. To address this issue, Audubon Great Plains’ Urban Woods and Prairies (UWP) Initiative focuses on restoring vital habitats within urban areas to protect bird species and reduce flood hazards. Our project used remotely sensed data, including Landsat 8 Operational Land Imagery (OLI), Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI), and Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), to assess land use and land cover from 2013 to 2023, as well as flood extent. Broad-scale analysis of the LULC showed some changes in land use patterns across the Central Platte River Basin, with the most notable being a decrease in Agricultural land coverage and an increase in Vegetation and Grassland coverage. Land use changes varied across 13 focal cities across the entire basin. In particular, developed land in Grand Island, NE, nearly tripled from 2019 to 2023, making it a good possible candidate for restoration efforts. We overlaid a flood extent map with the LULC classifications in Grand Island to identify possible restoration sites under UWP. This data will inform Audubon Great Plains in identifying potential restoration sites in key cities.

Jennifer Mathis↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Impact of Anthropogenic Activity, Climate Change, and Urbanization on Wetland Habitat in the Platte River Basin​

The Platte River Basin (PRB) is a dynamic ecosystem where wetlands play a pivotal role as essential habitats for various flora and fauna, including local and migratory birds. It provides many crucial ecosystem services that benefit humans directly and indirectly. However, anthropogenic activity, climate change, and urbanization have resulted in decline in wildlife habitat, elevated flood risk, and wetland loss. To address this issue, NASA DEVELOP partnered with Audubon Great Plains (AGP) to address the vital habitats within urban areas to protect bird species, reduce flood hazards, and analyze the potential impact of future development on wetlands. We utilized remotely sensed data from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI), and Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to assess land use and land cover (LULC) change. Nighttime lights data from Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) as well as NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) population data were also used as inputs to simulate urban growth potential up to 2050 using the open-source FUTure Urban-Regional Environment Simulation (FUTURES) model. A broad scale analysis across 13 focal cities showed varied changes in land use patterns across the PRB, with the most notable being a decrease in agricultural land coverage and an increase in vegetation and grassland coverage. We overlaid a flood extent map with the LULC classifications in Grand Island to identify possible restoration sites under AGP’s Urban Woods and Prairies Initiative. The results for two proposed scenarios showed that at least 51 counties out of 81 in the PRB would experience growth by year 2050. The first scenario (all wetlands are protected) showed that there will be no loss of wetlands by 2050. However, the second scenario (no wetlands are protected) showed a decrease in wetland area and loss of habitat for bird conservation. The results will help AGP to lead awareness workshops for communities about wetland protection and to form impactful conservation strategies in the future.​

Nancee Uniyal↗
NASA NTRS2001

Sensible Success

Commercial remote sensing uses satellite imagery to provide valuable information about the planet's features. By capturing light reflected from the Earth's surface with cameras or sensor systems, usually mounted on an orbiting satellite, data is obtained for business enterprises with an interest in land feature distribution. Remote sensing is practical when applied to large-area coverage, such as agricultural monitoring, regional mapping, environmental assessment, and infrastructure planning. For example, cellular service providers use satellite imagery to select the most ideal location for a communication tower. Crowsey Incorporated has the ability to use remote sensing capabilities to conduct spatial geographic visualizations and other remote-sensing services. Presently, the company has found a demand for these services in the area of litigation support. By using spatial information and analyses, Crowsey helps litigators understand and visualize complex issues and then to communicate a clear argument, with complete indisputable evidence. Crowsey Incorporated is a proud partner in NASA's Mississippi Space Commerce Initiative, with research offices at the John C. Stennis Space Center.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2021

Processed Surface Imagery & Raster Imagery taken onboard TigerShark (U3) UAS

Land-surface orthomosaic imagery derived from the images collected using the Micasense Altum Imager on board the UAS TigerShark (U3) on March 11th, 2021 at an altitude of 2000 ft. The Altum takes images of the land surface across five visible bands and one long wave infrared thermal band. The photogrametry software Agisoft PhotoScan v 1.4 is used to align and stitch the images into a larger composet image using the technique of structure from motion image capture to construct a dense cloud and 3-D model of the surface, which is used to produce a digital elevation model of the terraine surveyed and orthomosaic imagery. This dataset contains the raster calculated orthomosaics of various vegetative indicies, which are used to indicate plant health and land surface characteristics, including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), surface temperature, and Enhanced_vegetation_index (EVI). These orthomosaics were collected west of the Starkville, MS, airport, and include natural, agricultural, and industrial land coverage. The images have a resolution of 0.2 m/pix.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1980

Monodisperse atomizers for agricultural aviation applications

Conceptual designs of two monodisperse spray nozzles are described and the rationale used in each design is discussed. The nozzles were designed to eliminate present problems in agricultural aviation applications, such as ineffective plant coverage, drift due to small droplets present in the spray being dispersed, and nonuniform swath coverages. Monodisperse atomization techniques are reviewed and a synopsis of the information obtained concerning agricultural aviation spray applications is presented.

Christensen, L. S.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Expanding Solar Research and Generation for a Bright Energy Future (Final Technical Report)

This project supported the construction of an outdoor solar research facility for the primary purpose of characterizing panel and system lifetimes in the northern New England climate which features cold winters and warm, humid summers. The facility is designed to be integrated into future efforts to explore the impacts of the New England climate on energy storage and grid integration, as well as methods to mitigate factors like snow and dust coverage in the industrial and agricultural environment of the Intervale farming community and the McNeil wood-fired power generating station. It will provide year-round renewable energy research opportunities for faculty and students. As renewable energy generation and storage have become research priorities for UVM, for the state of Vermont, and for the United States as a whole, this facility will benefit the public on a broad range of scales.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1977

An analysis of aircraft requirements to meet United States Department of Agriculture remote sensing goals

The survey needs of the U.S. Department of Agriculture are immense, ranging from individual crop coverage at specific intervals to general land use classification. The aggregate of all desirable resolutions and sensor types applicable to airborne platforms yields an annual survey coverage rate equivalent to about 6 times the U.S. land area. An intermediate annual survey level equal to the U.S. area can meet all currently perceived crop survey needs and provide sample imagery over many other resource areas. This decreased survey level can be accomplished with one or two high altitude aircraft or medium altitude aircraft. Survey costs range from about 25 cents to several dollars per square nautical mile depending primarily on resolution requirements and the aircraft used.

Arno, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS1977

An Analysis of Aircraft Requirements to Meet United States Department of Agriculture Remote Sensing Goals

The survey needs of the U.S. De pa rtment of Agriculture are immense, ranging from individual crop coverage at specific intervals to general land use classification. The aggregate of all desirable resolutions and sensor types applicable to airborne platforms yields an annual survey coverage rate eqivalent to about 6 times the U.S. land area. An intermediate annual survey level equal to the U. S. area can meet all currently perceived crop survey needs and provide sample imagery over many other resource areas. This decreased survey level can be accomplished with one or two high altitude aircraft (e.g., U-2 or WB-57) or medium altitude aircraft ( such as the Learjet or Jetstar). Survey costs range from about 25 cents to several dollars per square nautical mile depending primarily on resolution requirements and the aircraft used.

Arno, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Crop acreage estimation using a Landsat-based estimator as an auxiliary variable

The problem of improving upon the ground survey estimates of crop acreages by utilizing Landsat data is addressed. Three estimators, called regression, ratio, and stratified ratio, are studied for bias and variance, and their relative efficiencies are compared. The approach is to formulate analytically the estimation problem that utilizes ground survey data, as collected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Landsat data, which provide complete coverage for an area of interest, and then to conduct simulation studies. It is shown over a wide range of parametric conditions that the regression estimator is the most efficient unless there is a low correlation between the actual and estimated crop acreages in the sampled area segments, in which case the ratio and stratified ratio estimators are better. Furthermore, it is seen that the regression estimator is potentially biased due to estimating the regression coefficient from the training sample segments. Estimation of the variance of the regression estimator is also investigated. Two variance estimators are considered, the large sample variance estimator and an alternative estimator suggested by Cochran. The large sample estimate of variance is found to be biased and inferior to the Cochran estimate for small sample sizes.

Chhikara, R. S.↗
DOE OSTI2022

The uncertain role of rising atmospheric CO 2 on global plant transpiration

As CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere rises, there is a need for improved physical understanding of its impact on global plant transpiration. This knowledge gap poses a major hurdle in robustly projecting changes in the global hydrologic cycle. For this reason, here we review the different processes by which atmospheric CO 2 concentration affects plant transpiration, the several uncertainties related to the complex physiological and radiative processes involved, and the knowledge gaps which need to be filled in order to improve predictions of plant transpiration. Additionally, although there is a high degree of certainty that rising CO 2 will impact plant transpiration, the exact nature of this impact remains unclear due to complex interactions between CO 2 and climate, and key aspects of plant morphology and physiology. The interplay between these factors has substantial consequences not only for future climate and global vegetation, but also for water availability needed for sustaining the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Future changes in global plant transpiration in response to enhanced CO 2 are expected to be driven by water availability, atmospheric evaporative demand, plant physiological processes, emergent plant disturbances related to increasing temperatures, and the modification of plant physiology and coverage. Considering the universal sensitivity of natural and agricultural systems to terrestrial water availability we argue that reliable future projections of transpiration is an issue of the highest priority, which can only be achieved by integrating monitoring and modeling efforts to improve the representation of CO 2 effects on plant transpiration in the next generation of earth system models.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1985

Evaluation of crop acreage estimation methods using Landsat data as auxiliary input

The regression and ratio estimators are studied in the context of improving upon the ground survey estimates of crop acreages by utilizing Landsat data. The approach is to formulate analytically the estimation problem that utilizes ground survey data, as collected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Landsat data, which provide a complete coverage for an area of interest, and then to conduct simulation studies. It is shown over a wide range of conditions that the regression estimator is the most efficient unless there is a low correlation between the actual and estimated crop acreages in the sampled area segments, in which case a ratio type estimator is superior. Estimation of the variance of the regression estimator is also investigated.

Chhikara, R. S.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Geographic applications of ERTS-1 imagery to landscape change

The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS-1 has proven to be an effective earth-orbiting monitor of landscape change. Its regional coverage for large areal monitoring has been effective for the detection and mapping of agricultural plowing regions, for general forest cover mapping, for flood mapping, for strip mine mapping, and for short-lived precipitation mapping patterns. Paramount to the entire study has been the temporal coverage provided by ERTS. Without the cyclic coverage on an 18 day basis, temporal coverage would have been inadequate for the detection and mapping of strip mining landscape change, the analysis of agricultural landscape change based on plowing patterns, the analysis of urban-suburban growth changes, and the mapping of the Mississippi River floods. Cost benefits from ERTS are unquestionably superior to aircraft systems in regard to large regional coverage and cyclic temporal parameters. For the analysis of landscape change in large regions such as statewide areas or even areas of 10,000 square miles, ERTS is of cost benefit consideration. Not only does the cost of imagery favor ERTS but the reduction of man-hours using ERTS has been in the magnitude of 1:10.

Rehder, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Remote sensing in Iowa agriculture

The author has identified the following significant results. Analysis of 1972 single-date coverage indicated that a complete crop classification was not attainable at the test sites. Good multi-date coverage during 1973 indicates that many of the problems encountered in 1972 will be minimized. In addition, the compilation of springtime imagery covering the entire state of Iowa has added a new dimension to interpretation of Iowa's natural resources. ERTS-1 has provided data necessary to achieve the broad synoptic view not attainable through other means. This should provide soils and crop researchers and land use planners a base map of Iowa. Granted and due to the resolution of ERTS-1, not all details are observable for many land use planning needs, but this gives a general and current view of Iowa.

Mahlstede, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Application of ERTS-1 imagery in the fields of geology, agriculture, forestry, and hydrology to selected test sites in Iran

The preliminary study of the ERTS-1 imagery coverage of Iran, commenced on October 26, 1972. All of the images were carefully examined, and a photomosaic covering approximately ninety-five per cent of the country was prepared. A number of images of selected areas were studied in detail. In the field of geology, a number of large scale faults were identified, which do not figure on geological maps. Furthermore, a preliminary study was carried out on the recent sediments, their possible sources, and origin. A limited number of geological work maps were prepared as well. In the fields of agriculture and forestry, studies based on color composite prints of certain areas were undertaken, with a purpose of identifying potential arable areas. Investigations in the field of water resources resulted in the discovery of a number of small lakes, and streams. Furthermore, fluctuations of the water level in some lakes were observed.

Ebtehadj, K.↗
NASA NTRS2020

A Multi-Modal Approach for Monitoring Changes in Agriculture in the Mekong River Delta

Smallholder farms in South East Asia are characterized by small irregular field patterns, dense cloud cover and haze which limits our ability to observe changes in agriculture land-use. Very-high resolution (VHR, < 5 m) Earth observing (EO) satellites have grown into constellations with global repeat coverage that can support multiple observations within a growing season. Here we present a multi-modal approach to map and monitor changes in agriculture at the field scale in the Mekong River Delta with VHR optical imagery from Worldview-1, 2 and 3, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) from Sentinel-1. Our approach leverages the benefits of SAR and VHR imagery with geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) in a high-end computing environment to rapidly map the distribution and size of agriculture fields that are not observable at moderate resolution (> 30 m) in regions with dense persistent cloud cover and haze from biomass burning.

Christopher S R Neigh↗