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NASA NTRS1984

The growth of metastable peritectic compounds

The effects of directional solidification processing on the microstructural, compositional, and magnetic properties of high-melting-temperature, commercially important alloys which form from the liquid state via peritectic or eutectic type reactions were determined. Emphasis was placed on ferromagnetic compounds of the commercially important Co-Sm and Al-Mn systems. The primary dendrite spacing for eutectic Sm2Co17/Co scaled with negative square root of V and varied from approximately 50 microns for V 20 cm/h to hundreds of microns for V 10 cm/h. Since the crystal growth mechanism was dendritic rather than cooperative, the assoicated permanent magnet properties were rather poor. Magnetization as a function of sample orientation indicates that the easy axis of magnetization was primarily along the direction of solidification for the eutectic Sm2Co17/Co and peritectic SmCo5/Sm2Co17 compositions. For the Al-Mn case, magnetization and microstructural characterization suggest isotropic, polycrystalling growth for all solidification velocities studied.

Pirich, R. G.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Directional solidification and annealing of Mn55Al45 alloys

The use of directional solidification to produce aligned or magnetic microstructures for the MnAl alloy and the effect of annealing on the bulk magnetic properties of the alloy are investigated. The phase composition, cylindrically shaped magnetization, and room-temperature magnetization of the samples are analyzed. The microstructure of a directionally solidified Al-Mn alloy is characterized by a two-phase structure consisting of randomly-oriented Al-rich fibers of about 40 at. pct Al dispersed in a textureless matrix of about 50 at. pct Al; the matrix phase contains at least 50 wt pct of the metastable and ferrimagnetic tau-phase, and the Al-rich fibers as a precipitated Cr5Al8-type Al-Mn phase. Significant macrosegregation for the thermally stable growth-up orientation is detected. The data reveal that the annealing enhances the cell-like microstructure observed transverse of the solidification direction and increases remanent magnetization and intrinsic coercivity.

Pirich, Ronald G.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Characterization of the Superconducting Microwave Properties of Aluminum Manganese

A microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) is a superconducting pair breaking detector that offers a number of unique advantages for realizing large-format arrays of ultra-sensitive detectors, such as inherent multiplexibility and relative ease of fabrication. With the detection threshold being set by the Cooper pair binding energy, and correspondingly, the superconducting critical temperature (T c ), typically well-understood MKID materials such as aluminum (Al) present a lower limit on the operating frequency. Aluminum manganese (Al-Mn) is a promising candidate material for MKIDs because it can be fabricated with nearly identical processing as pure Al, but allows for control of the T c , with varying levels of Mn doping or post-deposition heat treatment. In this study, we present initial results from an early characterization of AlMn using a series of lumped-element superconducting microwave resonators, including measurements of T c , internal quality factor, and noise performance over a range of Mn doping.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2024

Combining solution-, precipitation- and load-transfer strengthening in a cast Al-Ce-Mn- Sc -Zr alloy

Here, a cast Al-9Ce-0.75Mn-0.18Sc-0.12Zr (wt%) alloy is designed to combine three strengthening phases: (i) micron-scale Al 11 Ce 3 platelets formed during eutectic solidification, (ii) nano-scale L1 2 -Al 3 (Sc,Zr) precipitates formed during aging, and (iii) Mn in solid solution in the α-Al matrix. Microstructural analyses by SEM, TEM, and atom-probe tomography reveal that Mn remains in solid solution in the as-cast alloy, providing solution strengthening with no influence on the eutectic Al-Al 11 Ce 3 microstructure, which provides precipitation- and load-transfer strengthening. During long-term over-aging at 400 °C, Mn-rich precipitates grow at the Al-Al 11 Ce 3 interface, with no effect on the microhardness. However, after short aging at 350 °C, a high number density of fine L1 2 -Al 3 (Sc,Zr) nanoprecipitates form in the Al matrix (with a coarser size at the Al-Al 11 Ce 3 interface), providing precipitation strengthening. The synergistic combination of the three strengthening mechanisms (solution, precipitation, and load transfer) in our Al-Ce-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy results in higher microhardness after aging at 350 and 400 °C, and higher creep resistance at 300 °C, as compared to alloys with two strengthening mechanisms: an Al-10Ce-0.93Mn control alloy (without precipitation strengthening from Sc and Zr), Al-Ce-Sc-Zr (without solution strengthening from Mn), and Al-Mn-Zr-Er (without load-transfer strengthening from Ce). Furthermore, these dual-strengthened alloys are more creep resistant than alloys with a single strengthening mechanism (Al-Ce, Al-Mn, and Al-Sc-Zr), confirming that the three mechanisms can be combined in pairs or all together.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2021

Microstructural basis for improved corrosion resistance of laser surface processed AZ31 Mg alloy

Despite their excellent strength to weight ratio, wider use of Mg alloys for light weighting applications is limited by their poor corrosion resistance, especially in chloride ion-containing environments. The present study shows improved corrosion resistance imparted by laser surface processing (LSP) of a commercial AZ31 (Mg-3Al-1Zn) alloy. Nanosecond laser processing at three different power settings was carried out on the surface of a 1 mm thick rolled AZ31 sheet. Corrosion testing based on ASTM B117 method and several other electrochemical tests indicates substantial enhancement of corrosion resistance in LSP-treated AZ31. The underlying reason behind improved corrosion resistance of LSP-AZ31 surface has been identified using a variety of characterization tools (SEM, TEM, XPS). Formation of a ~0.5 µm thick mixed metal (Mg, Al) oxide surface film together with refinement in the size and number density of Al-Mn intermetallic particles appear to be playing a major role towards improved corrosion resistance after LSP treatment of AZ31 alloy.

Jana, Saumyadeep↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on MnAl by Materials Project

MnAl is Tetraauricupride structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Mn is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Al atoms. All Mn–Al bond lengths are 2.55 Å. Al is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Mn atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mn3Al10 by Materials Project

Al10Mn3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Mn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Mn and ten Al atoms. Both Mn–Mn bond lengths are 2.73 Å. There are a spread of Mn–Al bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.69 Å. There are five inequivalent Al sites. In the first Al site, Al is bonded to six equivalent Mn and six Al atoms to form face-sharing AlMn6Al6 cuboctahedra. All Al–Al bond lengths are 2.66 Å. In the second Al site, Al is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two equivalent Mn and eight Al atoms. There are four shorter (2.80 Å) and four longer (2.97 Å) Al–Al bond lengths. In the third Al site, Al is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Mn and ten Al atoms. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.80–3.00 Å. In the fourth Al site, Al is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Mn and ten Al atoms. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.80–3.00 Å. In the fifth Al site, Al is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Mn and ten Al atoms. The Al–Al bond length is 2.88 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on MnAl6 by Materials Project

Al6Mn crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Mn is bonded in a distorted q6 geometry to ten Al atoms. There are a spread of Mn–Al bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.64 Å. There are three inequivalent Al sites. In the first Al site, Al is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to one Mn and ten Al atoms. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.53–2.98 Å. In the second Al site, Al is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Mn and nine Al atoms. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.75–2.88 Å. In the third Al site, Al is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Mn and nine Al atoms. The Al–Al bond length is 2.61 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mn4Al11 by Materials Project

Al11Mn4 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Mn sites. In the first Mn site, Mn is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten Al atoms. There are a spread of Mn–Al bond distances ranging from 2.38–2.74 Å. In the second Mn site, Mn is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten Al atoms. There are a spread of Mn–Al bond distances ranging from 2.38–2.75 Å. There are six inequivalent Al sites. In the first Al site, Al is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two equivalent Mn and ten Al atoms. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.75–2.91 Å. In the second Al site, Al is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Mn and six Al atoms. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.57–2.94 Å. In the third Al site, Al is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to four Mn and seven Al atoms. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.99 Å. In the fourth Al site, Al is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four Mn and seven Al atoms. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.92 Å. In the fifth Al site, Al is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to four Mn and seven Al atoms. There are one shorter (2.63 Å) and one longer (2.69 Å) Al–Al bond lengths. In the sixth Al site, Al is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four Mn and seven Al atoms. The Al–Al bond length is 2.60 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on MnAl by Materials Project

MnAl is Tetraauricupride structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Mn is bonded to four equivalent Mn and eight equivalent Al atoms to form distorted MnMn4Al8 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent MnMn4Al8 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent MnMn4Al8 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent AlMn8Al4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent AlMn8Al4 cuboctahedra, and faces with ten equivalent MnMn4Al8 cuboctahedra. All Mn–Mn bond lengths are 2.75 Å. All Mn–Al bond lengths are 2.62 Å. Al is bonded to eight equivalent Mn and four equivalent Al atoms to form AlMn8Al4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent AlMn8Al4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent AlMn8Al4 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent MnMn4Al8 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent MnMn4Al8 cuboctahedra, and faces with ten equivalent AlMn8Al4 cuboctahedra. All Al–Al bond lengths are 2.75 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mn3Al by Materials Project

Mn3Al is alpha bismuth trifluoride structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Mn sites. In the first Mn site, Mn is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Mn and four equivalent Al atoms. All Mn–Mn bond lengths are 2.48 Å. All Mn–Al bond lengths are 2.48 Å. In the second Mn site, Mn is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Mn and six equivalent Al atoms. All Mn–Al bond lengths are 2.86 Å. Al is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to fourteen Mn atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mn4Al9 by Materials Project

Mn4Al9 is beta Plutonium-derived structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are nine inequivalent Mn sites. In the first Mn site, Mn is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Mn and ten Al atoms. There are a spread of Mn–Mn bond distances ranging from 2.76–3.04 Å. There are a spread of Mn–Al bond distances ranging from 2.54–3.11 Å. In the second Mn site, Mn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four Mn and eight Al atoms. There are a spread of Mn–Mn bond distances ranging from 2.60–2.74 Å. There are a spread of Mn–Al bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.68 Å. In the third Mn site, Mn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Al atoms. There are a spread of Mn–Al bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.57 Å. In the fourth Mn site, Mn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four Mn and eight Al atoms. There are one shorter (2.59 Å) and two longer (2.81 Å) Mn–Mn bond lengths. There are a spread of Mn–Al bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.63 Å. In the fifth Mn site, Mn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four Mn and eight Al atoms. There are one shorter (2.62 Å) and one longer (2.78 Å) Mn–Mn bond lengths. There are a spread of Mn–Al bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.63 Å. In the sixth Mn site, Mn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two Mn and ten Al atoms. There are a spread of Mn–Al bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.72 Å. In the seventh Mn site, Mn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four Mn and eight Al atoms. There are a spread of Mn–Al bond distances ranging from 2.45–2.60 Å. In the eighth Mn site, Mn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two Mn and ten Al atoms. The Mn–Mn bond length is 2.87 Å. There are a spread of Mn–Al bond distances ranging from 2.38–2.84 Å. In the ninth Mn site, Mn is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Mn and ten Al atoms. There are a spread of Mn–Al bond distances ranging from 2.57–3.22 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent Al sites. In the first Al site, Al is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two equivalent Mn and four Al atoms. There are two shorter (2.75 Å) and two longer (2.91 Å) Al–Al bond lengths. In the second Al site, Al is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Mn and four Al atoms. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.74–2.81 Å. In the third Al site, Al is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Mn and four Al atoms. All Al–Al bond lengths are 2.86 Å. In the fourth Al site, Al is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Mn and four Al atoms. There are two shorter (2.79 Å) and two longer (2.82 Å) Al–Al bond lengths. In the fifth Al site, Al is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Mn and five Al atoms. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.95 Å. In the sixth Al site, Al is bonded to eight Mn and four Al atoms to form face-sharing AlMn8Al4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.49–2.61 Å. In the seventh Al site, Al is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Mn and four Al atoms. All Al–Al bond lengths are 2.87 Å. In the eighth Al site, Al is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to four Mn and seven Al atoms. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.74–2.83 Å. In the ninth Al site, Al is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to five Mn and six Al atoms. There are one shorter (2.71 Å) and one longer (2.77 Å) Al–Al bond lengths. In the tenth Al site, Al is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Mn and six Al atoms. There are one shorter (2.57 Å) and one longer (2.79 Å) Al–Al bond lengths. In the eleventh Al site, Al is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Mn and four Al atoms. There are one shorter (2.82 Å) and one longer (2.83 Å) Al–Al bond lengths. In the twelfth Al site, Al is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Mn and three Al atoms. There are one shorter (2.60 Å) and one longer (2.70 Å) Al–Al bond lengths. In the thirteenth Al site, Al is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to four Mn and seven Al atoms. The Al–Al bond length is 2.71 Å. In the fourteenth Al site, Al is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to five Mn and six Al atoms. Both Al–Al bond lengths are 2.69 Å. In the fifteenth Al site, Al is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to five Mn and seven Al atoms. The Al–Al bond length is 2.45 Å. In the sixteenth Al site, Al is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four Mn and six Al atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on MnAl12 by Materials Project

Al12Mn crystallizes in the cubic Im-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Mn is bonded in a cuboctahedral geometry to twelve equivalent Al atoms. All Mn–Al bond lengths are 2.67 Å. Al is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to one Mn and ten equivalent Al atoms. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.78–2.96 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mn5Al8 by Materials Project

Al8Mn5 is Bergman Structure: Mg32(Al,Zn)49 Bergman-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Mn sites. In the first Mn site, Mn is bonded to nine Mn and three equivalent Al atoms to form distorted MnMn9Al3 cuboctahedra that share faces with two equivalent AlMn3Al9 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Mn–Mn bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.64 Å. All Mn–Al bond lengths are 2.55 Å. In the second Mn site, Mn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to six Mn and six Al atoms. There are a spread of Mn–Mn bond distances ranging from 2.54–2.67 Å. There are a spread of Mn–Al bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.62 Å. In the third Mn site, Mn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to five Mn and seven Al atoms. Both Mn–Mn bond lengths are 2.76 Å. There are a spread of Mn–Al bond distances ranging from 2.49–2.62 Å. In the fourth Mn site, Mn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four Mn and eight Al atoms. There are a spread of Mn–Al bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.82 Å. There are five inequivalent Al sites. In the first Al site, Al is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four Mn and eight Al atoms. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.64–2.88 Å. In the second Al site, Al is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to three Mn and eight Al atoms. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.56–2.89 Å. In the third Al site, Al is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to five Mn and seven Al atoms. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.79–3.02 Å. In the fourth Al site, Al is bonded to three equivalent Mn and nine Al atoms to form distorted AlMn3Al9 cuboctahedra that share faces with two equivalent MnMn9Al3 cuboctahedra. All Al–Al bond lengths are 2.66 Å. In the fifth Al site, Al is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Mn and nine Al atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗