Evaluation of ANSI Z136.1-2022 and Comparison with ANSI Z136.1-2014 and ANSI Z136.8-2021
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ANSYS Inc. develops and markets engineering simulation software and services used in the aerospace, automotive, manufacturing, electronics, biomedical, energy, defense, and many other industries. ANSYS is dedicated to engineering simulation and is the world’s leading software provider. ANSYS was founded in 1970 and is headquartered in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. ANSYS provides an engineering analysis tool combining structural, thermal, computational fluid dynamics, acoustic, and electromagnetic simulation capabilities. ANSYS has two main programs, which use the same solvers: (1) Mechanical APDL (ANSYS Design Parametric Language), a Fortran-based coding platform, and (2) ANSYS Workbench, which uses a graphical user interface to aid in finite element analysis implementation. This plan covers both APDL and Workbench. The ANSYS computer program is a large-scale, multipurpose finite element program that can be used to solve several classes of engineering analyses. The analysis capabilities of ANSYS include the ability to solve static and dynamic structural analyses, steady-state and transient heat transfer problems, mode-frequency and buckling eigenvalue problems, static or time-varying magnetic analyses, and various types of field and coupled-field applications. The program contains many special features that allow nonlinearities or secondary effects such as plasticity, large strain, hyperelasticity, creep, swelling, large deflections, contact, stress stiffening, temperature dependency, material anisotropy, and radiation to be included in the solution. As ANSYS has been developed, other special capabilities such as substructuring, submodeling, random vibration, kinetostatics, kinetodynamics, free convection fluid analysis, acoustics, magnetics, piezoelectrics, coupled-field analysis, and design optimization have been added to the program. These capabilities contribute further to making ANSYS a multipurpose analysis tool for varied engineering disciplines. The ANSYS program has been in commercial use for over 50 years and has been used extensively in the aerospace, automotive, construction, electronic, energy services, manufacturing, nuclear, plastics, oil, and steel industries. Additionally, many consulting firms and hundreds of universities have used ANSYS for analysis, research, and educational purposes. ANSYS is recognized worldwide as one of the most widely used and capable programs of its type. Ansys design analysis software is the first created within a quality system with ISO 9001 certification, the internationally accepted quality standard. Product development, testing, maintenance and support processes also meet the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission's quality requirements, as they have for nearly four decades. The Quality Assurance Service Agreement is suitable for the customers working in the nuclear industry who need to meet specific federal regulations including 10CRF50 Appendix B and provisions of 10CFR21. ANSYS has retained its original International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001 accreditation certificate since1995-05-04, It’s current certificate is valid until 2027-05-29.
ANSYS Inc. develops and markets engineering simulation software and services used in the aerospace, automotive, manufacturing, electronics, biomedical, energy, defense, and many other industries. ANSYS is dedicated to engineering simulation and is the world’s leading software provider. ANSYS was founded in 1970 and is headquartered in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. ANSYS provides an engineering analysis tool combining structural, thermal, computational fluid dynamics, acoustic and electromagnetic simulation capabilities. ANSYS LS-DYNA is the most used explicit simulation program capable of simulating the response of materials to short periods of severe loading. Its many elements, contact formulations, material models, and other controls can be used to simulate complex models with control over all the details of the problem. ANSYS LS-DYNA has a vast array of capabilities to simulate extreme deformation problems using its explicit solver. Engineers can tackle simulations involving material failure and look at how the failure progresses through a part or through a system. Models with large amounts of parts or surfaces interacting with each other are also easily handled, and the interactions and load passing between complex behaviors are modeled accurately. Using computers with higher numbers of CPU cores can drastically reduce solution times. In addition, many consulting firms and hundreds of universities use ANSYS for analysis, research, and educational purposes. ANSYS is recognized worldwide as one of the most widely used and capable programs of its type. ANSYS has successfully passed over 100 customer quality system audits against American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) NQA-1 and 10 CFR Part 50, Appendix B, since the company was founded, over 60 of which have been since 1997. ANSYS has successfully passed over 100 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001 assessments. ANSYS design analysis software is the first created within a quality system with ISO 9001 certification, which is the internationally accepted quality standard. Product development, testing, maintenance, and support processes also meet the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s (NRC’s) quality requirements, as they have for nearly four decades. ANSYS staff perform more than 60,000 software verification tests before releasing each new product. ASME NQA-1-2012 (Subpart 2.7 is specific to software) is the industry- and NRC-accepted approach (consensus standard) for meeting 10 CFR Part 50, Appendix B, requirements.
The purpose of this document is for the verification and validation results of ANSYS Mechanical on an ORNL workstation. The ANSYS Mechanical verification and validation was performed in accordance with the ANSYS Mechanical software quality assurance plan.
The purpose of this document is to show the verification and validation results of ANSYS LSDYNA 2023R1 an ORNL workstation. The ANSYS LSDYNA verification and validation was done in accordance with the ANSYS LSDYNA 2023R1 software quality assurance plan.
The Laboratory Accreditation Program (LAP) tests the capability and performance of the United States Department of Energy's (USDOE) facilities to accurately measure and quantify the whole-body and extremity radiation equivalent doses to the occupational workers. The dosimetry methods used in personal dosimetry can be Thermoluminescence (TL), Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and Radiophotoluminescence (RPL), among other techniques available. Currently, the TL (LiF:Mg,Ti) and OSL (Al 2 O 3 :C) dosimetry systems are DOELAP-accredited for occupational dose measurements and regulatory reporting. In this study, the performance of a beryllium oxide (BeO) OSL dosimetry system and of a silver-doped phosphate glass RPL dosimetry system is compared against the performance of an accredited LiF:Mg,Ti TL dosimetry system. The bias and standard deviation in each of the performance test categories are compared between these three systems for exposures to photons, beta, and mixed radiation fields with the criteria established by the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) and Health Physics Society (HPS) N13.11-2022 standard. The practical implementation of the dosimetry program and its equivalency to the occupational personal equivalent dose H p (0.07) and H p (10) measurements were evaluated. The TL, OSL and RPL dosimetry systems passed the ANSI performance test criteria for H p (0.07) and H p (10) occupational dose measurements and met the DOELAP accreditation requirements.
Modifications to the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software ANSYS Fluent were done to quantify and characterize tritium transport in Gas-Liquid Contactors (GLCs). A double-slit, Ergun-like equation was employed for the porous media model, with Ergun coefficients validated with Sulzer’s Sulcol software. Tritium transport from PbLi within the GLC was verified against analytical models. The geometry of the CFD model was based on the MELODIE GLC experiment. The hydrodynamic CFD pressure drop results align well with SulCol estimations and fall between the predictions of the analytical Delft-Olujic and Billet & Schultes models. In terms of mass transfer efficiency, traditional mass transfer models showed a significant deviation from experimental results when using varying values of H solubility in PbLi. A saturation phenomenon occurred when utilizing high solubility values for hydrogen in PbLi. In conclusion, a modified film theory mass transfer coefficient, incorporating either the Delft-Olujic or Billet & Schultes wettability model, yielded CFD-predicted extraction efficiencies that closely matched experimental measurements.
The MG-RAVENS project with the DOE Office of Electricity Microgrid R&D Program is a project to develop a completely free, open-source data exchange standard (API) for the Department of Energy, targeted at software tools related to infrastructure modeling, particularly the modeling of microgrids and electric power distribution systems that are created with funding from the Microgrid R&D Program. This software produces formal definitions of an API, documentation, contains supporting functions for parsing, validating, etc., and will contain examples of workflows enabled by the developed API.
There are gloveboxes that frequently exceed the 30% relative humidity level required for operations. These exceedances result in alternative operations needing to be utilized. This report documents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis performed to characterize airflow and humidity transport within a representative glovebox under nominal, low-flow conditions. The analysis focuses on establishing the flow regime, identifying transport-limited regions, and evaluating the implications of laminar flow on humidity removal. A single-phase, laminar flow model with a species transport model was used to represent air and water vapor mixing. Results demonstrate that, at the nominal flow rates, airflow is laminar with weak mixing, which will result in long residence times, tens of minutes long or more, in low-velocity regions. These conclusions suggests that humidity reduction is transport-limited. This analysis provides qualitative insight into airflow structure and humidity transport trends. In addition to characterization of glovebox airflow and humidity transport, results are intended to inform experimental validation and future transient modeling efforts.
The objective of this calculation is to provide thermal profiles, heat dissipation and refractory thermal expansion results from changes to inputs/assumptions related to optimization of margins and conservatisms (described in Section 3).
This is the final thesis and research paper for Frank Pulciano. He is graduating with his Masters in Mechanical Engineering and will be presenting his research and defending his thesis.
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Reliable and fast wakefield calculations are important for beam dynamics and THz generation in accelerators. We compare approaches and limitations with different available simulation tools and compare results. As an example, we analyse a cylindrical corrugated waveguide with narrower and wider radii of 5 and 6 mm, and aperture width and periodicity of 1 and 2 mm using ABCI by KEK and ANSYS HFSS simulation software. First, ABCI was used to determine the resonant frequency of the cylindri-cal corrugated waveguide with different lengths. The corresponding results were taken as a reference to exam-ine the simulation method in the ANSYS HFSS environ-ment. The eigenmode solver of ANSYS HFSS was used to determine different resonant frequencies. This was fol-lowed by examining a cylindrical corrugated waveguide that was implemented having a length of 17 mm for dif-ferent conductor settings. The corresponding waveguide was fed by a plane wave having a resonant frequency that satisfies the intersection of the light line and dispersion curve of the corresponding mode. The analysis showed that the maximum loss factor was achieved at 39.20 and 40.07 GHz using ANSYS HFSS simulation data for differ-ent conductors, whereas ABCI resulted in 38.50 GHz. The talk will present the results gathered by different simula-tion setups implemented in ANSYS HFSS.
Plasmonic nanoparticles are widely recognized as photothermal conversion agents, i.e., nanotransducers or nanoheaters. Translation of these materials into practical applications requires quantitative analyses of their photothermal conversion efficiencies (η). However, the value of η obtained for different materials is dramatically influenced by the experimental setup and method of calculation. Here, we evaluate the most common methods for estimating η (Roper’s and Wang’s) and compare these with numerical estimates using the simulation software ANSYS. Experiments were performed with colloidal gold nanorod solutions suspended in a hanging droplet irradiated by an 808 nm diode laser and monitored by a thermal camera. The ANSYS simulations accounted for both heating and evaporation, providing η values consistent with the Wang method but higher than the Roper approach. This study details methods for estimating the photothermal efficiency and finds ANSYS to be a robust tool where experimental constraints complicate traditional methods.
This keynote presentation explores the behavior of headers—essential components of pipeline systems—using ANSYS simulation software and machine learning techniques. The study aims to predict the thermal and mechanical performance of headers under diverse conditions through both steady-state and transient simulations. We investigate critical parameters such as heat transfer coefficient, fluid velocity, and temperature to optimize header design. Conducted as part of a DOE project led by NCAT in collaboration with UNC Charlotte, this research encompasses multiple key topics. The initial section focuses on the behavior of header systems under steady-state conditions using ANSYS simulation. It underscores the importance of headers in industrial infrastructure, especially in the energy sector, and examines the implications of material selection and flow direction on heat transfer dynamics. Methodologically, we employ Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis through ANSYS, detailing the development of models, material properties, geometry specifications, boundary conditions, and meshing strategies. Our simulations explore various operational parameters, including temperature and mass flow rates, crucial for predicting heat transfer coefficients and enhancing header design. Results from the study include parametric investigations into mesh sensitivity, viscosity model evaluations, and the effects of heat transfer locations, all validated against theoretical calculations. We conclude with insights on mesh optimization, the suitability of viscosity models, and recommendations for future research aimed at improving header system efficiency and sustainability in industrial applications.
In late 2023 and early 2024, testing was done at the Weapons Engineering Tritium Facility (WETF) rooftop exhaust duct to verify that the stack sample location was in compliance with the ANSI standard for stack sampling, ANSI N13.1-1999. This ANSI standard is called out by the Clean Air Act rules for airborne radionuclide emissions from DOE facilities, 40 CFR 61 Subpart H. This sample location is designated 16020504, indicating Technical Area 16, Building 0205. The rooftop duct formerly discharged to Exhaust Stack 04, but in 2007 it was re-routed to exhaust out Building 0450, Exhaust Stack 05. For continuity, we have kept the 16020504 designation to represent this duct sample location.
Design under uncertainty has significantly grown in research developments during the past decade. Additionally, machine learning (ML) and explainable ML (XML) have offered various opportunities to provide reliable predictable models. The current article investigates the use of finite element modeling (FEM), ML and XML predictions, and uncertain-based design of carbon-carbon (C-C) composites for use in ultra-high temperatures. A C-C composite concentrating solar power (CSP) as a microvascular receiver is considered as a case study. These C-C composites are fiber composites with directly integrated carbonized microchannels to form a lightweight, high-absorptivity material that includes an embedded microvascular network of channels. The topology of these microchannels is engineered to optimize heat transfer to a supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) heat transfer fluid. The mechanical characterization of C-C composites is highly challenging. Thus, designing every component made of C-C composites for ultra-high temperature applications needs an uncertainty-based analysis. As a part of a comprehensive project on the development of a novel carbonized microvascular C-C composite, this paper explores C-C composite sensitivity analysis, FEM, ML prediction, and XML analysis. The resulting composite can then be carbonized and coated with an oxidation-resistant coating to form a thermally efficient and mechanically robust C-C composite. An ANSYS 3-D-FE model was used to analyze the CSP’s stress/strain. To consider the variability in the mechanical and thermal properties of C-C composites, various mechanical properties are considered as the ANSYS FEM’s input. A synthetic dataset from 730 ANSYS runs was produced to feed into the ML and XML algorithms for uncertainty analysis and prediction. The ML and XML algorithms could accurately predict the CSP stresses/strains.