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Persuasive Influence Detection: The Role of Argument Sequencing
Automatic detection of persuasion in online discussion is key to understanding how social media is used. Predicting persuasiveness is difficult, however, due to the need to model world knowledge, dialogue, and sequential reasoning. Here, we focus on modeling the sequence of arguments in social media posts using neural models with embeddings for words, discourse relations, and semantic frames. We demonstrate significant improvement over prior work in detecting successful arguments. We also present an error analysis assessing novice human performance at predicting persuasiveness.
Local Group timing argument and virial theorem mass estimators from cosmological simulations
ABSTRACT We identify Local Group (LG) analogues in the IllustrisTNG cosmological simulation, and use these to study two-mass estimators for the LG: One based on the timing argument (TA) and one based on the virial theorem (VT). Including updated measurements of the Milky Way-M31 tangential velocity and the cosmological constant, we show that the TA mass estimator slightly overestimates the true median LG-mass, though the ratio of the TA to the true mass is consistent at the approximate 90 per cent c.l.. These are in broad agreement with previous results using dark matter-only simulations. We show that the VT estimator better estimates the true LG-mass, though there is a larger scatter in the virial mass to true mass ratio relative to the corresponding ratio for the TA. We attribute the broader scatter in the VT estimator to several factors, including the predominantly radial orbits for LG satellite galaxies, which differs from the VT assumption of isotropic orbits. With the systematic uncertainties we derive, the updated measurements of the LG mass at 90 per cent c.l. are $4.75_{-2.41}^{+2.22} \times 10^{12}$ M⊙ from the TA and $2.0_{-1.5}^{+2.1} \times 10^{12}$ M⊙ from the VT. We consider the LMC’s effect on the TA and VT LG mass estimates, and do not find exact LMC–MW–M31 analogues in the Illustris simulations. However, in LG simulations with satellite companions as massive as the LMC, we find that the effect on the TA and VT estimators is small, though we need further studies on a larger sample of LMC–MW–M31 systems to confirm these results.
An argument for using anaerobes as microbial cell factories to advance synthetic biology and biomanufacturing
Anaerobes thrive in the absence of oxygen and are an untapped reservoir of biotechnological potential. Therefore, bioprospecting efforts focused on anaerobic microbial diversity could rapidly uncover new enzymes, pathways, and chassis organisms to drive biotechnology innovation. Despite their potential utility, anaerobic fermenters are viewed as inefficient from a biochemical perspective because their metabolisms produce fewer ATP (~2) per molecule of glucose processed than heterotrophic respirers (~32–38 ATP). While aerobes excel at ATP generation, they are often less efficient than anaerobes at processes that compete with ATP generation for cellular resources. This perspective highlights how anaerobic adaptations are advantageous for synthetic biology and biomanufacturing applications through the engineering of microbial cell factories. We further highlight emerging applications of anaerobic bioprocessing, including the use of anaerobic metabolisms for lignocellulosic bioprocessing, human and environmental health, and value-added bioproduction.
May reversible water uptake/release by hydrates explain the thermal expansion of cement paste? ÔÇö Arguments from an inverse multiscale analysis
Quasi-instantaneous thermal expansion of cement pastes is governed by the relative humidity (RH) within their air-filled pores and by the decrease/increase of this internal RH resulting from a temperature decrease/increase. The latter effect is traced back to quasi-instantaneous water uptake/release by cement hydrates, using microporomechanics and a three-scale representation of mature cement pastes. Partially saturated gel and capillary pores are considered to be connected and spherical, with radii following exponential distributions. The Mori-Tanaka scheme provides the scale transition from effective pore pressures to eigenstrains at the cement paste level. This modeling approach, together with considering mass conservation of water, allows for downscaling macroscopic thermal expansion coefficients, so as to identify the molecular water uptake/release characteristics of the hydrates. The latter characteristics are mixture-independent, as shown by their use for predicting the thermal expansion coefficients of different mature cement pastes, with w/c-ratios ranging from 0.50 to 0.70.
A simple argument that small hydrogen may exist
This paper discusses a possible existence of small hydrogen, which may have been created during the Big Bang before formation of normal hydrogen.
Scaling arguments for a plasma experiment relevant to an interplanetary coronal mass ejection
We present the design of a plasma experiment scaled to be relevant to an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) traveling from the Sun to the Earth. The experiment would launch a compact torus of plasma (the scaled analog of the coronal mass ejected by the Sun) into a magnetized background plasma (the scaled analog of the interplanetary medium, the diffuse magnetized plasma that fills the Solar System). We present the complete process of scaling the ICME system to a laboratory experiment: beginning with the ICME features that we aim to replicate with a laboratory experiment, explaining how these desired features are translated into specific design constraints, and presenting a set of experimental parameters that meet those constraints. We find that the experiment would be possible with plasma conditions typically achieved in large-scale facilities such as the Big Red Ball at the University of Wisconsin or the LArge Plasma Device at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Fraction Critical Arguments in Criticality Safety [Slides]
Abstract not provided.
Self-Assembly and Phase Separation for Transport: A brief argument for the continued exploration of liquid crystal flows and electrodeposition in micro-gravity
Phase separation, interfacial tension gradients, and molecular self-assembly are all phenomena frequently observed when manipulating soft condensed matter systems on Earth. Depending on the system these processes can also be quite predictable. For instance, on Earth water droplets placed on hydrophobic surfaces will have contact angles > 90° with limited spread, contrary to their wetting behavior on hydrophilic surfaces. However, in an environment that is in a constant state of free-fall, where the gravitational field is reduced by 10%, such as on the International Space Station (ISS), buoyancy and its effect on fluid convection also become negligible. Fluid flow and phase behavior become less predictable. Thus, continuing the prior example, even if water droplets still remain in contact with a surface in microgravity (µg), the interface between the air and droplets will still remain significantly curved, appearing almost as if they were placed over completely nonwetting surfaces (Fig. 1a). Moreover, the negligible opposing buoyant force would also mean that if immiscible liquid droplets of a less dense character, or air bubbles even (Fig. 1b), were to be suspended within a larger water drop, these immiscible droplets or air bubbles would not migrate toward any one direction unless either artificially propelled by an external force or internal reaction inducing flow.
Arguments for the Generality and Effectiveness of ?Discrete Direct? Model Calibration and Uncertainty Propagation vs. Other Calibration-UQ Approaches.
Abstract not provided.
User-Defined Types as Task Parameters and Arguments in FleCSI
FleCSI is a C++ framework for writing multi-physics simulations. FleCSI abstracts away complicated backends, enabling high performance while eliminating the need for users to directly manage memory and execution. This is done via FleCSI’s data and execution model.
Quantum Coherence Arguments for Cosmological Scale
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Correspondence Arguments for Highy Energy Collisions
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The Case for and Against a Gadolinium Bias in SCALE: Opening Arguments
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ON THE USE OF NATURE OF PROCESS ARGUMENTS
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sbang
sbang lets users run scripts with very long shebang (#!) lines. Many operating systems limit the length and number of possible arguments in shebang lines, making it hard to use interpreters that are deep in the directory hierarchy or require special arguments. To use it, a user puts the long shebang on the second line of their script, and makes sbang the interpreter, like this: #!/bin/sh /path/to/sbang #!/long/path/to/real/interpreter with arguments. sbang will run the real interpreter with the script as its argument.