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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Adaptively controlled fast production of defect-free beryllium ion crystals using pulsed laser ablation

Trapped atomic ions find wide applications ranging from precision measurement to quantum information science and quantum computing. Beryllium ions are widely used due to the light mass and convenient atomic structure of beryllium; however, conventional ion loading from thermal ovens exerts undesirable gas loads for a prolonged duration. Here, we demonstrate a method to rapidly produce pure linear chains of beryllium ions with pulsed laser ablation, serving as a starting point for large-scale quantum information processing. Our method is fast compared to thermal ovens, reduces the gas load to only 10 -12 Torr (10 -10 Pa) level, yields a short recovery time of a few seconds, and also eliminates the need for a deep ultraviolet laser for photoionization. We also study the loading dynamics, which show non-Poissonian statistics in the presence of sympathetic cooling. In addition, we apply feedback control to obtain defect-free ion chains with desirable lengths.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2014

Accelerator mass spectrometry detection of beryllium ions in the antigen processing and presentation pathway

We report that exposure to small amounts of beryllium (Be) can result in beryllium sensitization and progression to Chronic Beryllium Disease (CBD). In CBD, beryllium is presented to Be-responsive T-cells by professional antigen-presenting cells (APC). This presentation drives T-cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-2, TNFα, and IFNγ) production and leads to granuloma formation. The mechanism by which beryllium enters an APC and is processed to become part of the beryllium antigen complex has not yet been elucidated. Developing techniques for beryllium detection with enough sensitivity has presented a barrier to further investigation. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is sensitive enough to quantify the amount of beryllium presented by APC to stimulate Be-responsive T-cells. To achieve this goal, APC - which may or may not stimulate Be-responsive T-cells - were cultured with Be-ferritin. Then, by utilizing AMS, the amount of beryllium processed for presentation was determined. Further, IFNγ intracellular cytokine assays were performed to demonstrate that Be-ferritin (at levels used in the experiments) could stimulate Be-responsive T-cells when presented by an APC of the correct HLA type (HLA-DP0201). The results indicated that Be-responsive T-cells expressed IFNγ only when APC with the correct HLA type were able to process Be for presentation. Utilizing AMS, we determined that APC with HLA-DP0201 had membrane fractions containing 0.17-0.59 ng Be and APC with HLA-DP0401 had membrane fractions bearing 0.40-0.45 ng Be. However, HLA-DP0401 APC had 20-times more Be associated with the whole cells (57.68-61.12 ng) then HLA-DP0201 APC (0.90-3.49 ng). As these findings demonstrate, AMS detection of picogram levels of Be processed by APC is possible. Further, regardless of form, Be requires processing by APC to successfully stimulate Be-responsive T-cells to generate IFNγ.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2001

Dipole potentials indicate restructuring of the membrane interface induced by gadolinium and beryllium ions

The dipole component of the membrane boundary potential, phi(d), is an integral parameter that may report on the conformational state of the lipid headgroups and their hydration. In this work, we describe an experimental approach to measurements of the dipole potential changes, Deltaphi(d), and apply it in studies of Be(2+) and Gd(3+) interactions with membranes composed of phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and their mixtures. Deltaphi(d) is determined as the difference between the changes of the total boundary potential, phi(b), measured by the IFC method in planar lipid membranes and the surface potential, phi(s), determined from the electrophoretic mobility of liposomes. The Gouy-Chapman-Stern formalism, combined with the condition of mass balance, well describes the ion equilibria for these high-affinity cations. For the adsorption of Be(2+) and Gd(3+) to PC membranes, and of Mg(2+) to PS membranes, the values of Deltaphi(b) and Deltaphi(s) are the same, indicative of no change of phi(d). Binding of Gd(3+) to PS-containing membranes induces changes of phi(d) of opposite signs depending on the density of ionized PS headgroups in the bilayer. At low density, the induced Deltaphi(d) is negative (-30 mV), consistent with the effect of dehydration of the surface. At maximal density (pure PS, neutral pH), adsorption of Be(2+) or Gd(3+) induces an increase of phi(d) of 35 or 140 mV, respectively. The onset of the strong positive dipole effect on PS membranes with Gd(3+) is observed near the zero charge point and correlates with a six-fold increase of membrane tension. The observed phenomena may reflect concerted reorientation of dipole moments of PS headgroups as a result of ion adsorption and lipid condensation. Their possible implications to in-vivo effects of these high-affinity ions are discussed.

Non-NASA Center↗
DOE OSTI2026

Investigation of Ion-Irradiated Beryllium Carbide (Be 2 C) for High-Temperature Nuclear Reactor Moderators

Beryllium carbide (Be 2 C) is an attractive alternative to graphite as a moderator material because of its high melting point, moderating efficiency, and theoretical environmental compatibility in MSRs, FHRs and HTGRs. However, its behavior under neutron irradiation is not yet known. Research on otherwise promising beryllium compounds are restricted because of the toxic nature of the material. For this work, a novel experiment was designed to safely irradiate beryllium-containing samples at The Michigan Ion Beam Laboratory (MIBL). Using this new capability, Be 2 C samples were irradiated with 9 MeV C 3+ ions from 2 dpa to 30 dpa, at temperatures up to 500 °C. Samples were characterized to investigate radiation tolerance. No evidence of phase precipitation, dislocation loops, or amorphization was observed up to 30 dpa, suggesting good radiation tolerance. One sample left in air for ~3 months oxidized slowly and lost structural integrity, while a sample kept in argon did not, suggesting that Be 2 C is not suitable for service in moist environments, but maintains its integrity in dry environments.

22 - GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Deuterium retention in MeV ion-irradiated beryllium

Beryllium, as the material of choice for the ITER first wall, will be subject to high energy neutrons during the operation of the fusion device. Such irradiation will create displacement damage in the crystal lattice, which is known to influence hydrogen isotope retention, e.g. in iron and tungsten. Here in our study, we irradiated beryllium samples with high-energy oxygen ions up to various dpa levels (0.01 dpa, 0.1 dpa, and 1 dpa) and subsequently exposed the samples to deuterium plasma at 370 K and 573 K. The amount of retained deuterium was measured by thermal desorption spectroscopy and nuclear reaction analysis and was found to decrease by about 18% in the samples damaged up to 0.1 dpa compared to the undamaged ones. Further damaging up to 1 dpa did not show any additional effects on deuterium retention. Transmission electron microscopy was used to check for the existence of bubbles after plasma exposure.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Simulation of Charge Collection in Diamond Detectors Irradiated with Deuteron-Triton Neutron Sources

Diamond-based neutron spectrometers exhibit outstanding properties such as radiation hardness, low sensitivity to gamma rays, fast response and high-energy resolution. They represent a very promising application of diamonds for plasma diagnostics in fusion devices. The measured pulse height spectrum is obtained from the collection of helium and beryllium ions produced by the reactions on {sup 12}C. An original code is developed to simulate the production and the transport of charged particles inside the diamond detector. The ion transport methodology is based on the well-known TRIM code. The reactions of interest are triggered using the ENDF/B-VII.0 nuclear data for the neutron interactions on carbon. The model is implemented in the TALLYX subroutine of the MCNP5 and MCNPX codes. Measurements with diamond detectors in a {approx}14 MeV neutron field have been performed at the FNG (Rome, Italy) and IRMM (Geel, Belgium) facilities. The comparison of the experimental data with the simulations validates the proposed model.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
NASA NTRS1972

Development of GaAs solar cells

Solar cells and mesa diodes were fabricated by the implantation of zinc or beryllium ions into n-type gallium arsenide. Annealing temperatures above 750 C (zinc) or 650 C (beryllium) were found to produce 50% to 100% activation of the implanted ions. Junction depths of about 0.4 micron were produced by 600 keV zinc implants or 70 keV beryllium implants. P-layer sheet resistance was about 150 ohms for 2 x 10 to the 15th power cm/2 zinc or 1 x 10 to the 15th power cm/2 beryllium implants. This is sufficiently low for efficient solar cell fabrication. Contacting procedures were improved to yield reproducibly adherent, low resistance front and back contacts.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2026

IK-Frag: Frag data generator for the PHITS simulation with the inverse kinematic reaction producing a focused neutron beam

IK-Frag has been developed for the creation of the nuclear cross-section data format, which is named frag data and can be used in PHITS, a Monte Carlo simulation code. IK-Frag focuses on the inverse kinematic reactions between a lithium or beryllium ion and a proton target. These reactions achieve naturally collimated neutrons and potentially reduce the necessity of radiation shielding. IK-Frag enables PHITS users to conduct simulations for the inverse kinematic reactions. The present software aims to contribute to future development of the neutron source system using the inverse kinematic reactions.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

The features of structure and isomorphic substitutions in flux-synthesized V-containing beryls and V-containing beryllian indialite

An X-ray diffraction study of isostructural V-containing beryl (V-Iz) and V-containing beryllian indialite (V-BI) (the general formula M{sub 2}{sup VI}T2{sub 3}{sup IV}T1{sub 6}{sup IV}O{sub 18}){sup 1} synthesized in the Al{sub 2}Be{sub 3}Si{sub 6}O{sub 18}-Mg,Ca/F,Cl flux system with V{sub 2}O{sub 5} impurity has been performed. It is shown for V-Iz that the isomorphic replacement of some part of Al{sup 3+} in the octahedron with larger V{sup 3+} and Mg{sup 2+} cations and a small fraction of Be{sup 2+} ions with Al{sup 3+} in the interring tetrahedron T2, as well as the introduction of alkaline ions into R voids, leads to an increase in the average bonds lengths in the M position and increases the unit-cell parameter a at an insignificant increase in the parameter c. In V-Bi, the heterovalent replacement of some part of Mg{sup 2+} ions by V{sup 3+} ions, with complex isomorphism in all structural positions, is accompanied by the isovalent Mg{sup 2+} {yields} Fe{sup 2+} scheme. These substitutions cause some decrease in the parameter c of V-Bi with the preservation of its parameter a. It is found that T1 tetrahedra in V-BI are much closer to ideal than in V-Iz, T2 tetrahedra are distorted much more weakly, and M octahedra are distorted somewhat more strongly. However, the degree of distortion of the ring tetrahedron T1 in V-BI reaches 0.9 rel. %. This fact indicates that V-BI and Cr-BI have a similar disposition to congruent melting, which significantly inferior that of 'pure' species.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Accurate evaluations of the field shift and lowest-order QED correction for the ground 1{sup 1}S−states of some light two-electron ions

Mass-dependent and field shift components of the isotopic shift are determined to high accuracy for the ground 1{sup 1}S−states of some light two-electron Li{sup +}, Be{sup 2+}, B{sup 3+}, and C{sup 4+} ions. To determine the field components of these isotopic shifts we apply the Racah-Rosental-Breit formula. We also determine the lowest order QED corrections to the isotopic shifts for each of these two-electron ions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Extraction of effective ion pair interactions in warm dense beryllium and helium plasmas within integral equation theory

Under hypernetted chain (HNC) approximation, effective ion pair interaction potentials for the warm dense matter are extracted by using available radial distribution functions (RDFs). The effective ion pair potentials extracted from first-principles simulation results are found containing the short-ranged attraction (SRA) component for both warm dense helium and beryllium plasmas. The SRA potentials can be well represented by Gaussian functions in both cases and then the extracted effective ion potentials are well fitted. As an application, the well fitted potentials are used to describe ion-ion interactions in classical molecular dynamics simulations. The yield RDFs are in excellent agreement with those computed by HNC equations and first-principles simulations, respectively.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Isotope shifts in beryllium-, boron-, carbon-, and nitrogen-like ions from relativistic configuration interaction calculations

Energy levels, normal and specific mass shift parameters as well as electronic densities at the nucleus are reported for numerous states along the beryllium, boron, carbon, and nitrogen isoelectronic sequences. Combined with nuclear data, these electronic parameters can be used to determine values of level and transition isotope shifts. The calculation of the electronic parameters is done using first-order perturbation theory with relativistic configuration interaction wavefunctions that account for valence, core–valence, and core–core correlation effects as zero-order functions. Results are compared with experimental and other theoretical values, when available.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Spectral lines behavior of Be I and Na I isoelectronic sequence in Debye plasma environment

We report the plasma screening effect on the first ionization potential (IP) and [He]2s{sup 2} ({sup 1}S{sub 0}){yields}[He]2s2p/2s3p allowed ({sup 1}P{sub 1}) and inter-combination transitions ({sup 3}P{sub 1}) in some selected Be-like ions. In addition, we investigate the spectral properties of [Ne]3s ({sup 2}S{sub 1/2}){yields}[Ne]np ({sup 2}P{sub 1/2} and {sup 2}P{sub 3/2} for n = 3, 4) transitions in Ca X and Fe XVI ions (Na I isoelectronic sequence) and [He]3s({sup 2}S{sub 1/2}){yields}[He]np ({sup 2}P{sub 1/2} and {sup 2}P{sub 3/2} for n = 2, 3) transitions in Li, B II, and N IV (Li I isoelectronic sequence) under plasma environment. The state-of-the-art relativistic coupled cluster calculations using the Debye model of plasma for electron-nucleus interaction show that (a) the ionization potential decreases sharply with increasing plasma strength and (b) the gap between the [He]2s{sup 2} ({sup 1}S{sub 0}){yields}[He]2s2p({sup 1,3}P{sub 1}) energy levels increases with increasing plasma potential and nuclear charge. It is found that the [He]2s{sup 2} ({sup 1}S{sub 0}){yields}2s3p ({sup 1,3}P{sub 1}) transition energy decreases uniformly with increasing plasma potential and nuclear charge. In other words, the spectral lines associated with 2s-2p (i.e., {Delta}n=0, where n corresponds to principle quantum number) transitions in Be I isoelectronic sequence exhibit a blue-shift (except for Be I, B II, and the lowest inter-combination line in C III, which exhibit a red-shift), whereas those associated with 2s-3p (i.e., {Delta}n{ne}0) transitions are red-shifted. Similar trend is observed in Li I and Na I isoelectronic sequences, where spectral lines associated with {Delta}n=0 ({Delta}n{ne}0) are blue-shifted (red-shifted). The effect of Coulomb screening on the spectral lines of ions subjected to plasma is also addressed.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Influence of the isotope effect on the charge exchange in slow collisions of Li, Be, and C ions with H, D, and T

The influence of the isotope effect (mass dependence) on the charge-exchange process in low-energy collisions of light ions with hydrogen isotopes (H, D, and T) is studied using the adiabatic theory of transitions in slow collisions developed by E. Solov'ev [Sov. Phys. Usp. 32, 228 (1989)]. Results of the numerical calculations are presented for the charge-exchange probabilities and cross sections of Li, Be, and C ions colliding with hydrogen isotopes and for the inverse reactions.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Mass and charge overlaps in beamline implantation into compound semiconductor materials

Mass overlaps occurring as a result of extraction of ions from an arc discharge and gas collisions, producing molecular break up and charge exchange in the accelerator beamline, are examined for ion implantation into compound semiconductors. The effects of the choice of plasma gas elements for Be{sup +} implants are examined as an example.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Storage-ring measurements of hyperfine induced transition rates in berylliumlike ions

The status of experimental measurements and theoretical calculations of the hyperfine induced 2s2p{sup 3}P{sub 0}{yields}2s{sup 21}S{sub 0} transition rate in Be-like ions is reviewed. Possible reasons, such as external electromagnetic fields and competing E1M1 two-photon transitions, for presently existing significant discrepancies between experiment and theory are discussed. Finally, directions for future research are outlined.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗