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Results for “BORN-INFELD THEORY”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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12 records
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DOE OSTI2021

Multi-spin soft bootstrap and scalar-vector Galileon

We use the amplitude soft bootstrap method to explore the space of effective field theories (EFT) of massless vectors and scalars. It is known that demanding vanishing soft limits fixes uniquely a special class of EFTs: non-linear sigma model, scalar Galileon and Born-Infeld theories. Based on the amplitudes analysis, we conjecture no-go theorems for higher-derivative vector theories and theories with coupled vectors and scalars. We then allow for more general soft theorems where the non-trivial part of the soft limit of the ( n +1)-pt amplitude is equal to a linear combination of n-pt amplitudes. We derive the form of these soft theorems for general power-counting and spins of particles and use it as an input into the soft bootstrap method in the case of Galileon power-counting and coupled scalar-vector theories. We show that this unifies the description of existing Galileon theories and leads us to the discovery of a new exceptional theory: Special scalar-vector Galileon.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2024

Revealing the landscape of globally color-dual multi-loop integrands

Abstract We report on progress in understanding how to construct color-dual multi-loop amplitudes. First we identify a cubic theory, semi-abelian Yang-Mills, that unifies many of the color-dual theories studied in the literature, and provides a prescriptive approach for constructingD-dimensional color-dual numerators through one-loop directly from Feynman rules. By a simple weight counting argument, this approach does not further generalize to two-loops. As a first step in understanding the two-loop challenge, we use aD-dimensional color-dual bootstrap to successfully construct globally color-duallocaltwo-loop four-point nonlinear sigma model (NLSM) numerators. The double-copy of these NLSM numerators with themselves, pure Yang-Mills, and$$\mathcal{N}$$= 4 super-Yang-Mills correctly reproduce the known unitarity constructed integrands of special Galileons, Born-Infeld theory, and Dirac-Born-Infeld-Volkov-Akulov theory, respectively. Applying our bootstrap to two-loop four-point pure Yang-Mills, we exhaustively search the space of local numerators and find that it fails to satisfy global color-kinematics duality, completing a search previously initiated in the literature. We pinpoint the failure to the bowtie unitarity cut, and discuss a path forward towards non-local construction of color-dual integrands at generic loop order.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2020

Entanglement and the double copy

We construct entangled states of gluons that scatter exactly as if they were gravitons. Operationally, these objects implement the double copy at the level of the wave function. Our analysis begins with a general ansatz for a wave function characterizing gluons in two copies of SU(N ) gauge theory. Given relatively minimal assumptions following from permutation invariance and dimensional analysis, the three- and four-particle wave functions generate scattering amplitudes that automatically coincide exactly with gravity, modulo normalization. For five-particle scattering the match is not automatic but imposing certain known selection rules on the amplitude is sufficient to uniquely reproduce gravity. The resulting amplitudes exhibit a color-dressed and permutation-invariant form of the usual double copy relations. We compute the entanglement entropy between the two gauge theory copies and learn that these states are maximally-entangled at large N. Moreover, this approach extends immediately to effective field theories, where Born-Infeld photons and Galileons can be similarly recast as entangled gluons and pions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Covariant color-kinematics duality

We show that color-kinematics duality is a manifest property of the equations of motion governing currents and field strengths. For the nonlinear sigma model (NLSM), this insight enables an implementation of the double copy at the level of fields, as well as an explicit construction of the kinematic algebra and associated kinematic current. As a byproduct, we also derive new formulations of the special Galileon (SG) and Born-Infeld (BI) theory. For Yang-Mills (YM) theory, this same approach reveals a novel structure — covariant color-kinematics duality — whose only difference from the conventional duality is that 1/$\square$ is replaced with covariant 1/D 2 . Remarkably, this structure implies that YM theory is itself the covariant double copy of gauged biadjoint scalar (GBAS) theory and an F 3 theory of field strengths encoding a corresponding kinematic algebra and current. Directly applying the double copy to equations of motion, we derive general relativity (GR) from the product of Einstein-YM and F 3 theory. This exercise reveals a trivial variant of the classical double copy that recasts any solution of GR as a solution of YM theory in a curved background. Covariant color-kinematics duality also implies a new decomposition of tree-level amplitudes in YM theory into those of GBAS theory. Using this representation we derive a closed-form, analytic expression for all BCJ numerators in YM theory and the NLSM for any number of particles in any spacetime dimension. By virtue of the double copy, this constitutes an explicit formula for all tree-level scattering amplitudes in YM, GR, NLSM, SG, and BI.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2024

Even-point multi-loop unitarity and its applications: exponentiation, anomalies and evanescence

Abstract We identify novel structure in newly computed multi-loop amplitudes and quantum actions for even-point effective field theories, including both the nonlinear sigma model (NLSM) and double-copy gauge theories such as Born-Infeld and its supersymmetric generalizations. We exploit special properties of all even-point theories towards establishing an efficient unitarity based amplitude construction. In doing so, we find evidence that the leading IR divergence of NLSM amplitudes exponentiates when the target space is$$ \mathbbm{CP} $$ CP 1 ≅ SU(2)/U(1). We then systematically compute the two-loop anomalous behavior of Born-Infeld, and find that the counterterms needed to restore U(1) invariant behavior at loop-level can be constructed via a symmetric-structure double-copy. We also demonstrate that the divergent part of the one-minus (−+++) two-loop anomaly vanishes upon introducing an evanescent operator. In addition to these purely photonic counterterms, we verify through explicit calculation that the anomalous matrix elements that violate U(1) duality invariance can be alternatively cancelled by summing over internal$$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 DBIVA superfields. Finally we find that$$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 Dirac-Born-Infeld-Volkov-Akulov (DBIVA) amplitudes admit double-copy construction through two-loop order by reproducing our unitarity based result with a double copy between color-dual$$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 super-Yang-Mills and our two-loop NLSM amplitudes. This result supports the possibility of color-dual representations for NLSM beyond one-loop. We conclude with an overview of howD-dimensional four-photon counterterms can be constructed in generality with the symmetric-structure double-copy, and outline a convenient way of counting evanescent operators using Hilbert series as generating functions.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2023

Stress Tensor flows, birefringence in non-linear electrodynamics and supersymmetry

We identify the unique stress tensor deformation which preserves zero-birefringence conditions in non-linear electrodynamics, which is a 4d 4 d version of the T\overline{T} T T ¯ operator. We study the flows driven by this operator in the three Lagrangian theories without birefringence - Born-Infeld, Plebanski, and reverse Born-Infeld - all of which admit ModMax-like generalizations using a root- T\overline{T} T T ¯ -like flow that we analyse in our paper. We demonstrate one way of making this root- T\overline{T} T T ¯ -like flow manifestly supersymmetric by writing the deforming operator in \mathcal{N} = 1 𝒩 = 1 superspace and exhibit two examples of superspace flows. We present scalar analogues in d = 2 d = 2 with similar properties as these theories of electrodynamics in d = 4 d = 4 . Surprisingly, the Plebanski-type theories are fixed points of the classical T\overline{T} T T ¯ -like flows, while the Born-Infeld-type examples satisfy new flow equations driven by relevant operators constructed from the stress tensor. Finally, we prove that any theory obtained from a classical stress-tensor-squared deformation of a conformal field theory gives rise to a related “subtracted” theory for which the stress-tensor-squared operator is a constant.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2020

All-multiplicity one-loop amplitudes in Born-Infeld electrodynamics from generalized unitarity

We initiate a study of non-supersymmetric Born-Infeld electrodynamics in 4d at the quantum level. Explicit all-multiplicity expressions are calculated for the purely rational one-loop amplitudes in the self-dual (+ + … +) and next-to-self-dual (- + … +) helicity sectors. Using a supersymmetric decomposition, d-dimensional unitarity cuts of the integrand factorize into tree-amplitudes in a 4d model of Born-Infeld photons coupled to a massive complex scalar. The two-scalar tree-amplitudes needed to construct the Born-Infeld integrand are computed using two complimentary approaches: (1) as a double-copy of Yang-Mills coupled to a massive adjoint scalar with a dimensionally reduced form of Chiral Perturbation Theory, and (2) by imposing consistency with low-energy theorems under a reduction from 4d to 3d and T-duality. The Born-Infeld integrand is integrated in d = 4 - 2ϵ dimensions at order Ο(ϵ 0 ) using the dimension-shifting formalism. We comment on the implications for electromagnetic duality in quantum Born-Infeld theory.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Generating rotating spacetime in Ricci-based gravity: naked singularity as a black hole mimicker

Motivated by the lack of rotating solutions sourced by matter in General Relativity as well as in modified gravity theories, in this work we extend a recently discovered exact rotating solution of the minimal Einstein-scalar theory to its counterpart in Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity coupled to a Born-Infeld scalar field. This is accomplished with the implementation of a well-developed mapping between solutions of Ricci-Based Palatini theories of gravity and General Relativity. The new solution is parametrized by the scalar charge and the Born-Infeld coupling constant apart from the mass and spin of the compact object. Compared to the spacetime prior to the mapping, we find that the high-energy modifications at the Born-Infeld scale are able to suppress but not remove the curvature divergence of the original naked null singularity. Depending on the sign of the Born-Infeld coupling constant, these modifications may even give rise to an additional timelike singularity exterior to the null one. In spite of that, both of the naked singularities before and after the mapping are capable of casting shadows, and as a consequence of the mapping relation, their shadows turn out to be identical as seen by a distant observer on the equatorial plane. Even though the scalar field induces a peculiar oblateness to the appearance of the shadow with its left and right endpoints held fixed, the closedness condition for the shadow contour sets a small upper bound on the absolute value of the scalar charge, which leads to observational features of the shadow closely resembling those of a Kerr black hole.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

On Current-Squared Flows and ModMax Theories

We show that the recently introduced ModMax theory of electrodynamics and its Born-Infeld-like generalization are related by a flow equation driven by a quadratic combination of stress-energy tensors. The operator associated to this flow is a 4d 4 d analogue of the T\overline{T} T T ¯ deformation in two dimensions. This result generalizes the observation that the ordinary Born-Infeld Lagrangian is related to the free Maxwell theory by a current-squared flow. As in that case, we show that no analogous relationship holds in any other dimension besides d=4 d = 4 . We also demonstrate that the \mathcal{N}=1 𝒩 = 1 supersymmetric version of the ModMax-Born-Infeld theory obeys a related supercurrent-squared flow which is formulated directly in \mathcal{N} = 1 𝒩 = 1 superspace.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Electromagnetic duality and D3-brane scattering amplitudes beyond leading order

We use on-shell methods to study the non-supersymmetric and supersymmetric low-energy S-matrix on a probe D3-brane, including both the 1-loop contributions of massless states as well as the effects of higher-derivative operators. Our results include: (1) A derivation of the duality invariance of Born-Infeld electrodynamics as the dimensional oxidation of the group of spatial rotations transverse to a probe M2-brane; this is done using a novel implementation of subtracted on-shell recursion. (2) The first explicit loop-level BCJ double-copy in a non-gravitational model, namely the calculation of the 4-point self-dual amplitude of non-supersymmetric Born-Infeld. (3) From previous results for n-point self-dual 1-loop BI amplitudes and the conjectured dimension-shifting relations in Yang-Mills, we obtain an explicit all-multiplicity, at all orders in E, expression for the 1-loop integrand of the MHV sector of N = 4 DBI. (4) For all n > 4, the explicitly integrated duality-violating 1-loop amplitudes (self-dual and next-to-self-dual in pure BI as well as MHV in N = 4 DBI) are shown to be removable at O(ε 0 ) by adding finite local counterterms; we propose that this may be true more generally at 1-loop order. (5) We find that in non-supersymmetric Born-Infeld, not all finite local counterterms needed to restore electromagnetic duality can be constructed using the double-copy with higher-derivative corrections, suggesting a fundamental tension between electromagnetic duality and color-kinematics duality at loop-level. Finally we comment on oxidation of duality symmetries in supergravity and the parallels it has to the M2-brane to D3-brane oxidation demonstrated in this paper.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗