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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Bi2Te3 by Materials Project

Bi2Te3 is MAX Phase-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of three Bi2Te3 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Bi3+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing BiTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are three shorter (3.10 Å) and three longer (3.29 Å) Bi–Te bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Bi3+ atoms. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to six equivalent Bi3+ atoms to form edge-sharing TeBi6 octahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Bi2Te3 by Materials Project

Bi2Te3 is trigonal omega-like structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R3m space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of three Bi2Te3 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. there are two inequivalent Bi3+ sites. In the first Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three equivalent Te2- atoms. All Bi–Te bond lengths are 3.14 Å. In the second Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three equivalent Te2- atoms. All Bi–Te bond lengths are 3.13 Å. There are three inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to three equivalent Bi3+ and three equivalent Te2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing TeBi3Te3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Te–Te bond lengths are 3.28 Å. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form edge-sharing TeTe6 octahedra. All Te–Te bond lengths are 3.28 Å. In the third Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to three equivalent Bi3+ and three equivalent Te2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing TeBi3Te3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Materials Data on Bi2Te3 by Materials Project

Bi2Te3 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Bi2Te3 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Bi3+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two equivalent Bi3+ and two Te2- atoms. Both Bi–Bi bond lengths are 2.88 Å. There are one shorter (3.10 Å) and one longer (3.28 Å) Bi–Te bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Bi3+ and four equivalent Te2- atoms. All Te–Te bond lengths are 3.19 Å. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Bi3+ and three Te2- atoms. The Te–Te bond length is 2.81 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Materials Data on Cs(Bi2Te3)2 by Materials Project

CsBi4Te6 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Cs1+ sites. In the first Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Te2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–Te bond distances ranging from 3.82–4.21 Å. In the second Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten Te2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–Te bond distances ranging from 4.06–4.28 Å. In the third Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten Te2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–Te bond distances ranging from 4.10–4.29 Å. In the fourth Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Te2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–Te bond distances ranging from 3.82–4.19 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent Bi+2.75+ sites. In the first Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form BiTe6 octahedra that share corners with three BiTe6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one BiTe5 square pyramid, and edges with eleven BiTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–7°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.09–3.27 Å. In the second Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing BiTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–7°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.12–3.26 Å. In the third Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form BiTe6 octahedra that share corners with three BiTe6 octahedra, edges with seven BiTe6 octahedra, and edges with four BiTe5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–7°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.02–3.44 Å. In the fourth Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to five Te2- atoms to form BiTe5 square pyramids that share a cornercorner with one BiTe6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent BiTe5 square pyramids, edges with four BiTe6 octahedra, and edges with three BiTe5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 6°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.53 Å. In the fifth Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form BiTe6 octahedra that share corners with three BiTe6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one BiTe5 square pyramid, and edges with seven BiTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 7°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.02–3.45 Å. In the sixth Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form BiTe6 octahedra that share corners with three BiTe6 octahedra, edges with seven BiTe6 octahedra, and edges with four BiTe5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–7°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.02–3.45 Å. In the seventh Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to five Te2- atoms to form BiTe5 square pyramids that share a cornercorner with one BiTe6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent BiTe5 square pyramids, edges with two equivalent BiTe6 octahedra, and edges with three BiTe5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 9°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.46 Å. In the eighth Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form BiTe6 octahedra that share corners with three BiTe6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one BiTe5 square pyramid, and edges with eleven BiTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 7°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.09–3.27 Å. In the ninth Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form BiTe6 octahedra that share corners with three BiTe6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one BiTe5 square pyramid, and edges with seven BiTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 7°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.02–3.47 Å. In the tenth Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing BiTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–14°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.02–3.45 Å. In the eleventh Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to five Te2- atoms to form BiTe5 square pyramids that share a cornercorner with one BiTe6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent BiTe5 square pyramids, edges with four BiTe6 octahedra, and edges with three BiTe5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 6°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.55 Å. In the twelfth Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to five Te2- atoms to form BiTe5 square pyramids that share a cornercorner with one BiTe6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent BiTe5 square pyramids, edges with two equivalent BiTe6 octahedra, and edges with three BiTe5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 10°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.46 Å. In the thirteenth Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing BiTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–14°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.02–3.45 Å. In the fourteenth Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form BiTe6 octahedra that share corners with three BiTe6 octahedra, edges with five BiTe6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent BiTe5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–14°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.00–3.39 Å. In the fifteenth Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form BiTe6 octahedra that share corners with three BiTe6 octahedra, edges with five BiTe6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent BiTe5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–14°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.00–3.38 Å. In the sixteenth Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing BiTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–6°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.12–3.25 Å. There are twenty-four inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to one Cs1+ and four Bi+2.75+ atoms to form distorted TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five TeCs2Bi4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with five TeBi6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–33°. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to five Bi+2.75+ atoms to form distorted TeBi5 square pyramids that share a cornercorner with one TeBi6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent TeBi6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent TeBi5 square pyramids, and edges with two equivalent TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 4°. In the third Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Cs1+ and two equivalent Bi+2.75+ atoms. In the fourth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to six Bi+2.75+ atoms to form TeBi6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one TeBi6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids, edges with four TeBi6 octahedra, and edges with three TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the fifth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to one Cs1+ and four Bi+2.75+ atoms to form distorted TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with three TeCs2Bi4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids, edges with three TeBi6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent TeBi5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–12°. In the sixth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three Cs1+, two equivalent Bi+2.75+, and two equivalent Te2- atoms. There are one shorter (3.63 Å) and one longer (3.64 Å) Te–Te bond lengths. In the seventh Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to two equivalent Cs1+ and four Bi+2.75+ atoms to form TeCs2Bi4 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent TeBi6 octahedra, corners with four TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with seven TeBi6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 3°. In the eighth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to one Cs1+ and four Bi+2.75+ atoms to form distorted TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five TeBi6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with five TeBi6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–33°. In the ninth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Cs1+ and two equivalent Bi+2.75+ atoms. In the tenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to six Bi+2.75+ atoms to form TeBi6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one TeBi6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids, edges with four TeBi6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent TeBi5 square pyramids, and edges with three TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the eleventh Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and three Bi+2.75+ atoms. In the twelfth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to six Bi+2.75+ atoms to form TeBi6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one TeBi6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids, edges with eight TeBi6 octahedra, and edges with three TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 7°. In the thirteenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to one Cs1+ and four Bi+2.75+ atoms to form distorted TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with three TeCs2Bi4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with three TeBi6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–12°. In the fourteenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and three Bi+2.75+ atoms. In the fifteenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three Cs1+, two equivalent Bi+2.75+, and two equivalent Te2- atoms. In the sixteenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to six Bi+2.75+ atoms to form TeBi6 octahedra that share corners with four TeCs2Bi4 octahedra, edges with nine TeBi6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–7°. In the seventeenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to six Bi+2.75+ atoms to form TeBi6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one TeBi6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one TeBi5 square pyramid, corners with two equivalent TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids, edges with eight TeBi6 octahedra, and edges with three TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 7°. In the eighteenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three Cs1+, two equivalent Bi+2.75+, and two equivalent Te2- atoms. There are one shorter (3.63 Å) and one longer (3.66 Å) Te–Te bond lengths. In the nineteenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Bi+2.75+ atoms. In the twentieth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Cs1+ and two equivalent Bi+2.75+ atoms. In the twenty-first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three Cs1+, two equivalent Bi+2.75+, and two equivalent Te2- atoms. In the twenty-second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to six Bi+2.75+ atoms to form TeBi6 octahedra that share corners with four TeCs2Bi4 octahedra, edges with nine TeBi6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–7°. In the twenty-third Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to two equivalent Cs1+ and four Bi+2.75+ atoms to form TeCs2Bi4 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent TeBi6 octahedra, corners with four TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with seven TeBi6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 3°. In the twenty-fourth Te2- site, Te2-

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cs(Bi2Te3)2 by Materials Project

CsBi4Te6 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Cs1+ sites. In the first Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten Te2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–Te bond distances ranging from 3.88–4.29 Å. In the second Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Te2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–Te bond distances ranging from 3.80–4.21 Å. There are eight inequivalent Bi+2.75+ sites. In the first Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form BiTe6 octahedra that share corners with three BiTe6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one BiTe5 square pyramid, and edges with seven BiTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 7°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.03–3.45 Å. In the second Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing BiTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–7°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.14–3.27 Å. In the third Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form BiTe6 octahedra that share corners with three BiTe6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one BiTe5 square pyramid, and edges with eleven BiTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 7°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.09–3.32 Å. In the fourth Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form BiTe6 octahedra that share corners with three BiTe6 octahedra, edges with seven BiTe6 octahedra, and edges with four BiTe5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–7°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.04–3.44 Å. In the fifth Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing BiTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–15°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.04–3.45 Å. In the sixth Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form BiTe6 octahedra that share corners with three BiTe6 octahedra, edges with five BiTe6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent BiTe5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–15°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.00–3.40 Å. In the seventh Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to five Te2- atoms to form BiTe5 square pyramids that share a cornercorner with one BiTe6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent BiTe5 square pyramids, edges with two equivalent BiTe6 octahedra, and edges with three BiTe5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 10°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.45 Å. In the eighth Bi+2.75+ site, Bi+2.75+ is bonded to five Te2- atoms to form BiTe5 square pyramids that share a cornercorner with one BiTe6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent BiTe5 square pyramids, edges with four BiTe6 octahedra, and edges with three BiTe5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 6°. There are a spread of Bi–Te bond distances ranging from 3.09–3.55 Å. There are twelve inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to six Bi+2.75+ atoms to form TeBi6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one TeBi6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids, edges with eight TeBi6 octahedra, and edges with three TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 7°. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to one Cs1+ and four Bi+2.75+ atoms to form distorted TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with three TeCs2Bi4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with three TeBi6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–13°. In the third Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three Cs1+, two equivalent Bi+2.75+, and two equivalent Te2- atoms. Both Te–Te bond lengths are 3.58 Å. In the fourth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to two equivalent Cs1+ and four Bi+2.75+ atoms to form TeCs2Bi4 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent TeBi6 octahedra, corners with four TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with seven TeBi6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 3°. In the fifth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to six Bi+2.75+ atoms to form TeBi6 octahedra that share corners with four TeBi6 octahedra, edges with nine TeBi6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–7°. In the sixth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to six Bi+2.75+ atoms to form TeBi6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one TeBi6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids, edges with four TeBi6 octahedra, and edges with three TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the seventh Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to one Cs1+ and four Bi+2.75+ atoms to form distorted TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five TeBi6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent TeCsBi4 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with five TeBi6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–35°. In the eighth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three Cs1+, two equivalent Bi+2.75+, and two equivalent Te2- atoms. In the ninth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Cs1+, two equivalent Bi+2.75+, and two equivalent Te2- atoms. Both Te–Te bond lengths are 3.67 Å. In the tenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and three Bi+2.75+ atoms. In the eleventh Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Cs1+ and two equivalent Bi+2.75+ atoms. In the twelfth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Bi+2.75+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Tuning of carrier type, enhancement of Linear magnetoresistance and inducing ferromagnetism at room temperature with Cu doping in Bi2Te3 Topological Insulators

Highlights: • With Cu doping in Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3}, resistivity increases as Fermi level is shifted into valence band with extra scattering centers. • Cu doping tunes the carrier from n to p type, which is attributed to the presence of Te{sub Bi} and Bi{sub Te} antisites. • The observed Linear Magneto resistance is believed to be associated with gapless linear energy spectrum of surface Dirac Fermions. • Cu doping induces room temperature ferromagnetism. - Abstract: Structural, resistivity, thermoelectric power, magneto-transport and magnetic properties of Cu doped Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} topological insulators have been investigated. The tuning of charge carriers from n to p type by Cu doping at Te sites of Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} is observed both from Hall effect and thermoelectric power measurements. Carrier mobility decreases with the doping of Cu which provides evidence of the movement of Fermi level from bulk conduction band to the bulk valence band. Thermoelectric power also increases with doping of Cu. Moreover, linear magnetoresistance (LMR) is observed at high magnetic field in pure Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} which is associated to the gapless topological surface states protected by time reversal symmetry (TRS). Furthermore, doping of non-magnetic Cu induces ferromagnetism at room temperature and also enhances the magnetoresistance.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Suppression of grain growth in nanocrystalline Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} through oxide particle dispersions

The strategy of suppressing grain growth by dispersing nanoscale particles that pin the grain boundaries is demonstrated in a nanocrystalline thermoelectric compound. Yttria nanoparticles that were incorporated by mechanical alloying enabled nanocrystalline (i.e., d < 100 nm) Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} to be retained up to a homologous temperature of 0.94 T{sub m} for durations over which the grain size of the unreinforced compound grew to several microns. The nanostructure appeared to saturate at a grain size that depended on volume fraction (f) according to an f {sup −1/3} relationship, in accordance with theoretical models in the limit of high volume fractions of particles. Interestingly, at low temperatures, the particles stimulate enhanced grain growth over the unreinforced compound, due to particle-stimulated nucleation of recrystallization. To help prevent this effect, in-situ composites formed by internal oxidation of yttrium are compared with those made ex-situ by incorporation of yttria nanoparticles, with the result that the in-situ dispersion eliminates recrystallization at low temperatures and therefore improves nanostructure stabilization. These developments offer a pathway to thermally stabilized bulk nanocrystalline thermoelectrics processed via a powder route.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Connecting thermoelectric performance and topological-insulator behavior: Bi 2 Te 3 and Bi 2 Te 2 Se from first principles

Thermoelectric performance is of interest for numerous applications such as waste-heat recovery and solid-state energy conversion and will be seen to be closely connected to topological-insulator behavior. In this paper, we here report first-principles transport and defect calculations for Bi 2 Te 2 Se in relation to Bi 2 Te 3 . The two compounds are found to contain remarkably different electronic structures in spite of being isostructural and isoelectronic. We also discuss these results in terms of the topological-insulator characteristics of these compounds.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Adsorption-controlled growth of MnTe(Bi2Te3)n by molecular beam epitaxy exhibiting stoichiometry-controlled magnetism

We report the growth of the intrinsic magnetic topological system MnTe ( Bi 2 Te 3 ) n by molecular beam epitaxy. By mapping the temperature and the Bi:Mn flux ratio, it is shown that there is a narrow growth window for the n = 1 phase Mn Bi 2 Te 4 with 2.0 < Bi : Mn < 2.6 at 225°C. In this work, the films are stoichiometric and excess Bi and Te is not incorporated. At higher flux ratios (Bi:Mn≥4.5) it is found that the n = 2 Mn Bi 4 Te 7 phase is stabilized. Transport measurements indicate that the Mn Bi 2 Te 4 and Mn Bi 4 Te 7 undergo magnetic transitions around 25 and 10 K, respectively, consistent with antiferromagnetic phases found in the bulk. Further, for Mn-rich conditions (Bi:Mn<2), ferromagnetism emerges that exhibits a clear hysteretic state in the Hall effect, which likely indicates Mn-doped Mn Bi 2 Te 4 . Understanding how to grow ternary chalcogenide phases is the key to synthesizing new materials and to interface magnetism and topology, which together are routes to realize and control exotic quantum phenomena.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗