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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Synthesis, Structure, and Fluorescence of a Novel Cadmium Compound

A novel cadmium compound, [(CdI{sub 3}){sub 2}(μ{sub 2}-I)]{sub 2}(Me{sub 2}-4,4'-H{sub 2}bipy){sub 3} (1) (Me = methyl; 4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine) with the Me{sub 2}-4,4'-H{sub 2}bipy moiety generated in situ, has been prepared through a solvothermal reaction and structurally characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. Compound 1 is characterized by an isolated structural motif, consisting of [(CdI{sub 3}){sub 2}(μ{sub 2}-I)]{sup 3–} anions and Me{sub 2}-4,4'-H{sub 2}bipy{sup 2+} cations. The [(CdI{sub 3}){sub 2}(μ{sub 2}-I)]{sup 3–} anions and Me{sub 2}-4,4'-H{sub 2}bipy{sup 2+} cations interconnect together via C–H···I hydrogen-bonding interactions to complete a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular network. Solid state fluorescent spectrum reveals an emission band in the violet region.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Synthesis and characterization of a cadmium bipyridinium compound (CdCl{sub 4})(N,N'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridinium)

A cadmium bipyridinium compound (CdCl{sub 4})(N,N'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridinium), in which the (N,N'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridinium){sup 2+} moieties were generated in situ, has been prepared via solvothermal reactions and structurally characterized with single crystal X-ray diffraction method. Fluorescence measurement revealed a broad and strong emission band in the blue region.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Synthesis and electrophysical properties of some rare-earth molybdates with fluorite-like structure of the Nd{sub 5}Mo{sub 3}O{sub 16} type

Polycrystalline samples of PbLn{sub 4}Mo{sub 3}O{sub 16} (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, or Sm), CdLn{sub 4}Mo{sub 3}O{sub 16} (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, or Tm), and PbLa{sub 4–x}Nd{sub x}Mo{sub 3}O{sub 16} (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) with the cubic fluorite-like structure and sp. gr. Pn n have been obtained by solid-phase synthesis in air. The specific conductivity of lead compounds is established to reach 10{sup –2} S/cm (which is an order of magnitude higher than that for cadmium compounds). The conductivity value is shown to reach a maximum at a concentration ratio of rare-earth elements of Nd: La = 1: 1.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Diamagnetic susceptibility of a hydrogenic donor in a group IV-VI quantum dot-quantum well heterostructure

Electronic properties of a hydrogenic donor impurity in a CdSe/Pb{sub 0.8}Cd{sub 0.2}Se/CdSe quantum dot quantum well system are investigated for various radii of core with shell materials. Confined energies are obtained taking into account the geometrical size of the system and thereby the donor binding energies are found. The diamagnetic susceptibility is estimated for a confined shallow donor in the well system. The results show that the diamagnetic susceptibility strongly depends on core and shell radii and it is more sensitive to variations of the geometrical size of the well material.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Interfacial Ferromagnetism in a Co/CdTe Ferromagnet/Semiconductor Quantum Well Hybrid Structure

The magnetization properties of a ferromagnet-semiconductor Co/CdMgTe/CdTe quantum well hybrid structure are investigated by several techniques. Exploiting the proximity effect between acceptor bound holes and magnetic ions we detect the magnetization curves by measuring the circular polarization of photoluminescence in an out-of-plane magnetic field. We show that magnetization originates from interfacial ferromagnet on Co-CdMgTe interface and the proximity effect is caused by magnetization of interfacial Co-CdMgTe ferromagnetic layer whose magnetic properties are very different from Co.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Ab Initio Study of Electronic, Magnetic, and Thermoelectric Response of ZTi{sub 2}O{sub 4} (Z = Mg, Zn, and Cd) Through mBJ Potential

The electronic, magnetic, and thermoelectric properties of ZTi{sub 2}O{sub 4} (Z = Mg, Zn, and Cd) spinel oxides are analyzed by applying DFT approach. The band structure (BS) and density of states (DOS) illustrate a ferromagnetic state due to the evident exchange splitting leading to the energy shift in the spin-polarized sub-bands. Furthermore, ferromagnetic state stability is also justified through the computed crystal field, Jahn-Teller, and exchange energies. The exchange energy exceeding the crystal field energy reveals that ferromagnetism is mediated due to electrons, which is also consistent with the computed negative indirect exchange energy. Using BoltzTraP code, thermoelectric investigation illustrate that Mg, Zn, and Cd cations can tune the optimum power factor to intermediate and higher temperatures, which suggests potential energy harvesting applications.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Mobilization and removing of cadmium from kidney by GMDTC utilizing renal glucose reabsorption pathway

Chronic exposure to cadmium compounds (Cd{sup 2+}) is one of the major public health problems facing humans in the 21st century. Cd{sup 2+} in the human body accumulates primarily in the kidneys which leads to renal dysfunction and other adverse health effects. Efforts to find a safe and effective drug for removing Cd{sup 2+} from the kidneys have largely failed. We developed and synthesized a new chemical, sodium (S)-2-(dithiocarboxylato((2S,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6 pentahydroxyhexyl)amino)-4-(methylthio) butanoate (GMDTC). Here we report that GMDTC has a very low toxicity with an acute lethal dose (LD50) of more than 10,000 mg/kg or 5000 mg/kg body weight, respectively, via oral or intraperitoneal injection in mice and rats. In in vivo settings, up to 94% of Cd{sup 2+} deposited in the kidneys of Cd{sup 2+}-laden rabbits was removed and excreted via urine following a safe dose of GMDTC treatment for four weeks, and renal Cd{sup 2+} level was reduced from 12.9 μg/g to 1.3 μg/g kidney weight. We observed similar results in the mouse and rat studies. Further, we demonstrated both in in vitro and in animal studies that the mechanism of transporting GMDTC and GMDTC-Cd complex into and out of renal tubular cells is likely assisted by two glucose transporters, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2). Collectively, our study reports that GMDTC is safe and highly efficient in removing deposited Cd{sup 2+} from kidneys assisted by renal glucose reabsorption system, suggesting that GMDTC may be the long-pursued agent used for preventive and therapeutic purposes for both acute and chronic Cd{sup 2+} exposure.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Study on Microstructure and Properties of AZ31/6061 GTAW Butt Joints According to Mg-Cd-Al Ternary System

AZ31 Mg and 6061 Al were successfully joined by GTAW method with Cd as filler metal. The tensile strength of the joints reached 170 MPa through this alloying method according to Mg-Cd-Al ternary system. The microstructure, phases, element distribution and fracture mechanism of alloyed joints were studied. The results suggest that the fusion zone is mainly composed of CdMg compounds and Al-based solid solution. A transitional zone thickness of 40-80 μm with few primary Al{sub 12}Mg{sub 17} and fine Al{sub 12}Mg{sub 17}-MCMS (MCMS represents a mixture of CdMg and CdMg{sub 3} compounds) eutectic is formed between the AZ31 base metal and fusion zone. The fracture surface presents three distinct regions because of the different distribution of Al{sub 12}Mg{sub 17} compounds in the transitional zone. The alloying with Cd filler metal can disperse Al{sub 12}Mg{sub 17} intermetallic compounds and form CdMg ordered compounds with excellent plasticity. Thus, the mechanical properties of alloyed joints have been significantly enhanced.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Syntheses and structural characterization of vanado-tellurites and vanadyl-selenites: SrVTeO{sub 5}(OH), Cd{sub 2}V{sub 2}Te{sub 2}O{sub 11}, Ca{sub 3}VSe{sub 4}O{sub 13}·H{sub 2}O and Ba{sub 2}VSe{sub 3}O{sub 10}

Four new quaternary vanado-tellurites and vanadyl-selenites, namely, SrVTeO{sub 5}(OH)(1), Cd{sub 2}V{sub 2}Te{sub 2}O{sub 11}(2), Ca{sub 3}VSe{sub 4}O{sub 13}·H{sub 2}O(3) and Ba{sub 2}VSe{sub 3}O{sub 10}(4) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The oxidation state of vanadium is +5 in tellurites 1 and 2 and +4 in selenites 3 and 4. The structures of SrVTeO{sub 5}(OH)(1) and Cd{sub 2}V{sub 2}Te{sub 2}O{sub 11}(2) compounds consist of (VTeO{sub 5}(OH)){sup 2-} and (V{sub 2}Te{sub 2}O{sub 11}){sup 4-}anionic chains respectively, which are built from tetrahedral VO{sub 4} and disphenoidal TeO{sub 4} moieties. Similarly the structures of Ca{sub 3}VSe{sub 4}O{sub 13}·H{sub 2}O(3) and Ba{sub 2}VSe{sub 3}O{sub 10}(4) respectively contain (VSe{sub 2}O{sub 7}){sup 2-} and (VSe{sub 3}O{sub 10}){sup 4-} anionic chains, which are made up of octahedral VO{sub 6} and pyramidal SeO{sub 3} units. Compounds 1 and 3 have been characterized by thermogravimetric and infrared spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1 and 2 are wide band gap semiconductors. - Graphical abstract: Ca{sub 3}VSe{sub 4}O{sub 13}·H{sub 2}O and Ba{sub 2}VSe{sub 3}O{sub 10} compounds contain (VSe{sub 2}O{sub 7}){sup 2-} and (VSe{sub 3}O{sub 10}){sup 4-} chains. - Highlights: • Four new vanado-tellurites and vanadyl-selenites are synthesized. • Their structural features are different. • The vanado-tellurites are wide band gap semiconductors.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Incorporation of Er{sup 3+} ions into an amorphous matrix of Cd{sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 7} containing crystalline CdO nanoparticles

Er{sup 3+} ions have been introduced into a matrix of Cd{sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 7} using a conventional melt-quenching method. X-ray diffraction results indicate that a material constituted of CdO nanocrystals of ∼40 nm embedded within the amorphous Cd{sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 7} matrix was fabricated. The presence of such nanocrystals was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy measurements confirm that the amorphous matrix is composed by Cd{sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 7}. The band gap obtained by optical absorption is 2.84 eV. From the photoluminescence spectrum the electronic transitions such as ({sup 2}H{sub 11/2}, {sup 4}S{sub 3/2}, {sup 4}F{sub 9/2}, {sup 4}I{sub 9/2}) → {sup 4}I{sub 15/2} and {sup 4}S{sub 3/2} → {sup 4}I{sub 13/2} corresponding to Er{sup 3+} were observed. Thermally activated transport was observed by dark conductivity measurements taken from room temperature to 450 K. The morphology and chemical composition of the sample were determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Dielectric relaxation studies in Se{sub 90}Cd{sub 8}Sb{sub 2} glassy alloy

Se{sub 90}Cd{sub 8}Sb{sub 2} chalcogenide semiconducting alloy was prepared by melt quench technique. The prepared glassy alloy has been characterized by techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX).Dielectric properties of Se{sub 90}Cd{sub 8}Sb{sub 2} chalcogenide semiconductor have been studied using impedance spectroscopic technique in the frequency range 5×10{sup 2}Hz - 1×10{sup 5}Hz and in temperature range 303-318K. It is found that dielectric constant ε′ and dielectric loss factor ε″ are dependent on frequency and temperature.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on RbCd(NO2)3 by Materials Project

Rb(NO2)3Cd crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of one cadmium compounds molecule and one Rb(NO2)3 framework. In the Rb(NO2)3 framework, Rb1+ is bonded to twelve equivalent O2- atoms to form edge-sharing RbO12 cuboctahedra. All Rb–O bond lengths are 3.48 Å. N3+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.25 Å. O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Rb1+ and one N3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on La2CdSb3 by Materials Project

(LaSb)2CdSb crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of one cadmium compounds molecule, one stibium metallicum molecule, and two LaSb clusters. In each LaSb cluster, La3+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb+2.67- atom. The La–Sb bond length is 2.73 Å. Sb+2.67- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one La3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1989

Advances in thin-film solar cells for lightweight space photovoltaic power

The present stature and current research directions of photovoltaic arrays as primary power systems for space are reviewed. There have recently been great advances in the technology of thin-film solar cells for terrestrial applications. In a thin-film solar cell the thickness of the active element is only a few microns; transfer of this technology to space arrays could result in ultralow-weight solar arrays with potentially large gains in specific power. Recent advances in thin-film solar cells are reviewed, including polycrystalline copper-indium selenide (CuInSe2) and related I-III-VI2 compounds, polycrystalline cadmium telluride and related II-VI compounds, and amorphous silicon:hydrogen and alloys. The best experimental efficiency on thin-film solar cells to date is 12 percent AMO for CuIn Se2. This efficiency is likely to be increased in the next few years. The radiation tolerance of thin-film materials is far greater than that of single-crystal materials. CuIn Se2 shows no degradation when exposed to 1 MeV electrons. Experimental evidence also suggests that most of all of the radiation damage on thin-films can be removed by a low temperature anneal. The possibility of thin-film multibandgap cascade solar cells is discussed, including the tradeoffs between monolithic and mechanically stacked cells. The best current efficiency for a cascade is 12.5 percent AMO for an amorphous silicon on CuInSe2 multibandgap combination. Higher efficiencies are expected in the future. For several missions, including solar-electric propulsion, a manned Mars mission, and lunar exploration and manufacturing, thin-film photovolatic arrays may be a mission-enabling technology.

Landis, Geoffrey A.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Thin-Film Photovoltaics: Status and Applications to Space Power

The potential applications of thin film polycrystalline and amorphous cells for space are discussed. There have been great advances in thin film solar cells for terrestrial applications; transfer of this technology to space applications could result in ultra low weight solar arrays with potentially large gains in specific power. Recent advances in thin film solar cells are reviewed, including polycrystalline copper iridium selenide and related I-III-VI2 compounds, polycrystalline cadmium telluride and related II-VI compounds, and amorphous silicon alloys. The possibility of thin film multi bandgap cascade solar cells is discussed.

Landis, Geoffrey A.↗