Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “CALIXARENES”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Interfacial binding of divalent cations to calixarene-based Langmuir monolayers

The interactions of Langmuir monolayers produced through the self-assembly of an amphiphilic p-carboxycalix[4]arene with a series of divalent, fourth-period transition metals, at the air-water interface, were investigated. Changes in the interfacial behavior of 1 in response to the presence of CuCl 2 , CoCl 2 , MnCl 2 , and NiCl 2 were studied by means of Langmuir compression isotherms and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). The measurements revealed that the self-assembly properties of 1 are significantly affected by Cu 2+ ions. The interactions of 1-based monolayers with Co 2+ and Cu 2+ ions were further investigated by means of synchrotron radiation-based X-ray reflectivity (XRR), X-ray near-total-reflection fluorescence (XNTRF), and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD). XNTRF and XRR analyses revealed that the monolayer of 1 binds more strongly to Cu 2+ than Co 2+ ions. In the presence of relatively high concentrations of Cu 2+ ions in the subphase (1.4 × 10 -3 M), XNTRF exhibited anomalous depth profile behavior and GIXD measurements showed considerably strong diffuse scattering. Furthermore, both measurements suggest the formation of Cu 2+ clusters contiguous to the monolayer of 1.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Sub-5 Ångstrom Porosity Tuning in Calixarene-Derived Porous Liquids via Supramolecular Complexation Construction

Sub-Ångstrom-level porosity engineering, which is appealing in gas separations, has been demonstrated in solid carbon, polymer, and framework materials but rarely achieved in the liquid phase. In this work, a gas molecular sieving effect in the liquid phase at sub-5 Ångstrom scale is created via sophisticated porosity tuning in calixarene-derived porous liquids (PLs). Type II PLs are constructed via supramolecular complexation between the sodium salts of calixarene derivatives and crown ether solvents. The chemical structure variation and assembly behavior of the porous host upon PL construction are monitored by spectroscopy-, X-ray-, and neutron-scattering techniques. The presence of permanent porosity in calixarene-derived PLs is verified by pressure swing gas uptake, altered CO 2 physisorption behavior, and molecular simulations. Sub-5 Ångstrom porosity tuning within the PL phase is achieved by introducing bulky substituted groups on the benzene ring of the calixarene host, which then greatly affects the dynamic motion and transport behavior of CO 2 molecules and the Xe uptake performance. Further, the approach being demonstrated in this work represents a promising pathway to tune and leverage the porosity effect for enhanced gas uptake capacity and selectivity in liquid sorbents.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Sub‐5 Ångstrom Porosity Tuning in Calixarene‐Derived Porous Liquids via Supramolecular Complexation Construction

Abstract Sub‐Ångstrom‐level porosity engineering, which is appealing in gas separations, has been demonstrated in solid carbon, polymer, and framework materials but rarely achieved in the liquid phase. In this work, a gas molecular sieving effect in the liquid phase at sub‐5 Ångstrom scale is created via sophisticated porosity tuning in calixarene‐derived porous liquids (PLs). Type II PLs are constructed via supramolecular complexation between the sodium salts of calixarene derivatives and crown ether solvents. The chemical structure variation and assembly behavior of the porous host upon PL construction are monitored by spectroscopy‐, X‐ray‐, and neutron‐scattering techniques. The presence of permanent porosity in calixarene‐derived PLs is verified by pressure swing gas uptake, altered CO 2 physisorption behavior, and molecular simulations. Sub‐5 Ångstrom porosity tuning within the PL phase is achieved by introducing bulky substituted groups on the benzene ring of the calixarene host, which then greatly affects the dynamic motion and transport behavior of CO 2 molecules and the Xe uptake performance. The approach being demonstrated in this work represents a promising pathway to tune and leverage the porosity effect for enhanced gas uptake capacity and selectivity in liquid sorbents.

Li, Errui [Department of Chemistry University of T↗
DOE OSTI2011

Calix 2007:9th International Conference on Calixarene Chemistry

The DOE funds helped support an International Conference, Calix 2007, whose focus was on Supramolecular Chemistry. The conference was held at the University of Maryland from August 6-9, 2007 (Figure 1). The conference website is at www.chem.umd.edu/Conferences/Calix2007. This biannual conference had previously been held in the Czech Republic (2005), Canada (2003), Netherlands (2001), Australia (1999), Italy (1997), USA (Fort Worth, 1995) Japan (1993) and Germany (1991). Calixarenes are cup-shaped compounds that are a major part of Supramolecular Chemistry, for which Cram, Lehn and Pederson were awarded a Nobel Prize 20 years ago. Calixarene chemistry has expanded greatly in the last 2 decades, as these compounds are used in synthetic and mechanistic chemistry, separations science, materials science, nanoscience and biological chemistry. The organizing committee was quite happy that Calix 2007 encompassed the broad scope and interdisciplinary nature of the field. Our goal was to bring together leading scientists interested in calixarenes, molecular recognition, nanoscience and supramolecular chemistry. We believe that new research directions and collaborations resulted from an exchange of ideas between conferees. This grant from the DOE was crucial toward achieving that goal, as the funds helped cover some of the registration and accommodations costs for the speakers.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Gas Sorption and Storage Properties of Calixarenes

Calixarenes, a class of organic macrocyclic molecules have shown interesting gas sorption properties towards industrially important gases such as carbon di-oxide, hydrogen, methane and acetylene. These macrocycles are involved in weak van der Waals interaction to form multidimensional supramolecular frameworks. The gas-diffusion and subsequent sorption occurs due to a cooperative behavior between neighboring macrocycles. Furthermore, the flexibility at the upper rim functional group also plays a key role in the overall gas uptake of calixarene. In this book chapter, we give a brief account of interaction and diffusion of gases in calixarene and selected derivatives.

Patil, Rahul S.↗
NASA NTRS1999

The Design and Development of a Regenerative Separatory Column Using Calixarenes as a Polymeric Backbone for the Purification of Water from Urine

The objective of this research project is to design calixarenes, cup-shaped molecules, with the specific binding sites to the sodium chloride and nitrogen containing components of urine, such as urea and uric acid, in urine. The following partition of the research accomplishes this objective: (1) functionalization of calixarene, (2) development of a calixarene based medium for the separatory process, (3) design of the column regeneration protocol. Work was also accomplished in the area of temperature sensitive paint (TSP). Research was undertaken to design a TSP with insulating propertites. An important part of this research project is to discover the thermal conductivity of polymers for TSP.

Polk, M.↗
DOE OSTI2012

Two novel chains based on capsules supported by water-soluble calixarenes and metal complexes

Two novel coordination polymers [Ca{sub 4}(C4AS){sub 2}({mu}{sub 3}-2,2 Prime -bpno) Bullet 15H{sub 2}O]{sub n} Bullet 2nH{sub 2}O (1) and [Cu(H{sub 2}O){sub 6}]{sub n} Bullet [Cu{sub 2}(TC4AS)({mu}-2,2 Prime -bpno) Bullet 3H{sub 2}O]{sub n} Bullet 10nH{sub 2}O (2) (C4AS=p-sulfonato-calix[4]arene, TC4AS=p-sulfonatothiacalix [4]arene and 2,2 Prime -bpno=2,2 Prime -bipyridine-1,1 Prime -dioxide) have been synthesized and characterized. X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that the rail-like chains of 1 composed of bicapsule units in upper-to-upper way are parallel to the bilayers of 1, whereas the zigzag-like chains of 2 made up of capsules via upper-to-lower mode run through the bilayers of 2. The magnetic properties of complex 2 were examined, indicating weak ferromagnetic interactions between the copper(II) ions in the temperature range of 20-300 K. - Graphical abstract: The rail-like chain composed of bicapsule units and the zigzag-like chain made up of capsules based on water-soluble calix[4]arenes are obtained. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Two 1D calix[4]arenes-supported complexes were synthesized. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The rail-like chain (1) composed of bicapsule units in upper-to-upper way. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The zigzag-like chain (2) made up of capsules via upper-to-lower mode. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The magnetic properties of complex 2 were examined.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2012

New Proton-Ionizable, Calixarene-Based Ligands for Selective Metal Ion Separations

The project objective was the discovery of new ligands for performing metal ion separations. The research effort entailed the preparation of new metal ion complexing agents and polymers and their evaluation in metal ion separation processes of solvent extraction, synthetic liquid membrane transport, and sorption. Structural variations in acyclic, cyclic, and bicyclic organic ligands were used to probe their influence upon the efficiency and selectivity with which metal ion separations can be performed. A unifying feature of the ligand structures is the presence of one (or more) side arm with a pendent acidic function. When a metal ion is complexed within the central cavity of the ligand, ionization of the side arm(s) produces the requisite anion(s) for formation of an overall electroneutral complex. This markedly enhances extraction/transport efficiency for separations in which movement of aqueous phase anions of chloride, nitrate, or sulfate into an organic medium would be required. Through systematic structural variations, new ligands have been developed for efficient and selective separations of monovalent metal ions (e.g., alkali metal, silver, and thallium cations) and of divalent metal ion species (e.g., alkaline earth metal, lead, and mercury cations). Research results obtained in these fundamental investigations provide important insight for the design and development of ligands suitable for practical metal ion separation applications.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Bulky Calixarene Ligands Stabilize Supported Iridium Pair-Site Catalysts

Although essentially molecular noble metal species provide active sites and highly tunable platforms for the design of supported catalysts, the susceptibility of the metals to reduction and aggregation and the consequent loss of catalytic activity and selectivity limit opportunities for their application. In this report we demonstrate a new construct to stabilize supported molecular noble-metal catalysts, taking advantage of sterically bulky ligands on the metal that serve as surrogate supports and isolate the active sites under conditions involving steady-state catalytic turnover in a reducing environment. The result is demonstrated with an iridium pair-site catalyst incorporating P-bridging calix[4]arene ligands dispersed on siliceous supports, chosen as prototypes because they offer weakly interacting surfaces on which metal aggregation is prone to occur. This catalyst was used for the hydrogenation of ethylene in a flow reactor. Atomic-resolution imaging of the Ir centers and spectra of the catalyst before and after use show that the metals resisted aggregation and deactivation, remaining atomically dispersed and accessible for catalysis. This strategy thus allows the stabilization of the catalysts even when they are weakly anchored to supports.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Weakly interacting solvation spheres surrounding a calixarene-protected tetrairidium carbonyl cluster: contrasting effects on reactivity of alkane solvent and silica support

The tetrairidium carbonyl cluster Ir 4 L 3 (CO) 9 (L = tert-butyl-calix[4]arene(OPr) 3 (OCH 2 PPh 2 ) (Ph = phenyl; Pr = propyl)) on a partially dehydroxylated silica support undergoes hydrogen activation at a rate and with a mechanism different from those pertaining to the cluster in alkane solution. These results are unobvious in view of the sterically bulky ligands protecting the cluster and the nearly identical CO band frequencies in the infrared spectra characterizing the supported and dissolved Ir 4 L 3 (CO) 9 , both before reaction and during reaction involving decarbonylation in the presence of either helium or H 2 (and H 2 reacted with the clusters to form hydrides with the same Ir–H band frequencies for clusters in alkane solvent and supported on silica). The initial rates of CO loss from the supported clusters in the presence of helium were the same as those in the presence of H 2 . In this work, the comparison demonstrates that the rate-determining step for hydride formation on the silica-supported cluster is CO dissociation. In contrast, the comparable dissociation of CO from the cluster in n-decane solution requires a higher temperature, 343 K, and is at least an order of magnitude slower than when the clusters were supported on silica. CO dissociation is not the rate-determining step for hydrogen activation on the cluster in n-decane, as the rate is influenced by reactant H 2 as well.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗