Preliminary Macro to Convert Code V Lens Files to COMP
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MACRO Code V↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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NASA Space Technology Research Institutes (STRI) 2016 Institute for Ultra-Strong Composites by Computational Design (US-COMP)
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Computational Modeling↗
Langley’s Work in Thermoplastic Composites and an Overview of the New Ultralight Advanced Composites (ULTRA-COMP) Project
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Marc Schultz↗
ISPATOM: A Generic Real-Time Data Processing Tool Without Programming
Information Sharing Protocol Advanced Tool of Math (ISPATOM) is an application program allowing for the streamlined generation of comps, which subscribe to streams of incoming telemetry data, perform any necessary computations on the data, then send the data to other programs for display and/or further processing in NASA mission control centers. Heretofore, the development of comps was difficult, expensive, and time-consuming: Each comp was custom written manually, in a low-level computing language, by a programmer attempting to follow requirements of flight controllers. ISPATOM enables a flight controller who is not a programmer to write a comp by simply typing in one or more equation( s) at a command line or retrieving the equation(s) from a text file. ISPATOM then subscribes to the necessary input data, performs all of necessary computations, and sends out the results. It sends out new results whenever the input data change. The use of equations in ISPATOM is no more difficult than is entering equations in a spreadsheet. The time involved in developing a comp is thus limited to the time taken to decide on the necessary equations. Thus, ISPATOM is a real-time dynamic calculator.
Dershowitz, Adam↗
Feasibility of Earthbound Motion in Lunar Gravity
BACKGROUND: Marginal stability of astronaut movement while performing lunar surface tasks has been well documented, and is clearly demonstrated in videos of falls, and near falls, during Apollo Lunar Extravehicular Activities. Referencing mission reports from Apollo 15 and 16 [1, 2], suspected causes for falls include: surface conditions, visibility, and gravitational effects (hypogravity). In this preliminary test, we employ the open-source biomechanical tool OpenSim [3, 4] to analyze the impact of lunar gravity (Lg) on two object-pickup motions performed by a single shirt-sleeved subject. Specifically, we attempt to answer the following questions based on an estimation of the Center of Mass Projection (CoMP) and ground reaction force Center of Pressure (COP) as it relates to the astronaut Base of Support (BOS) for 1g and Lg conditions: 1. Is the task motion, as performed in 1g, dynamically feasible in 1g and Lg? 2. Can we make the motion dynamically feasible in Lg by slowing it down? 3. Is the Lg COP equal to the 1g COP at a theoretically predicted reduction in motion speed? METHODS AND RESULTS: To answer the first question, the gravitational acceleration in the OpenSim model is modified from a nominal 9.81 m/s2 to 1.64 m/s2, and the 1g joint trajectory is input to an OpenSim based method [5] for estimating ground reaction forces and moments. From this method, the position of the CoMP and COP can be estimated and checked to see if they remain within a simulated BOS formed from the footprint of the OpenSim model to determine whether the motion is dynamically feasible. As expected, both of the motions were estimated to be feasible in a 1g environment, however, both motions had periods of infeasibility in Lg. It is well known that crew members make adjustments to motion trajectories in altered gravity fields to maintain balance. As a first step, we considered the simple adjustment of slowing the motion in Lg by a constant factor. This was accomplished by scaling the time stamps in the motion trajectory file by that factor. For the two motions considered, it was found that scale factors of 1.3 and 1.4 kept the COP just within the subject BOS. The CoMP is unchanged by the gravity field. Simple analysis of an inverted pendulum in the Lg environment, which generalizes to a general multibody system, leads to a theoretical prediction that a reduction in speed factor of √1g/Lg, or 2.445, will make the COP trajectory in Lg equivalent to that in 1g. When the above procedure was performed with a factor of 2.445, the estimated COP in Lg, was observed to be very close to that in 1g. In summary, we have developed a method for estimating the CoMP and COP in Lg, for subject motion collected in 1g. We believe this method can prove to be a valuable check and balance for simulated Lg training and testing by exposing potential simulator-induced artifacts that make the simulated task motion seem possible, when in fact, it would violate the above criteria. We also note that a reduction in task speed should tend the task motion towards stability, with a theoretical slowdown factor of √1g/Lg making the motion stability equal to that in 1g according to the CoMP and COP criteria.
R K Huffman↗
Continuation of research into language concepts for the mission support environment
A concept for a more intuitive and graphically based Computation (Comp) Builder was developed. The Graphical Comp Builder Prototype was developed, which is an X Window based graphical tool that allows the user to build Comps using graphical symbols. Investigation was conducted to determine the availability and suitability of the Ada programming language for the development of future control center type software. The Space Station Freedom Project identified Ada as the desirable programming language for the development of Space Station Control Center software systems.
Source record↗
HNS/Teflon, a new heat resistant explosive
HNS/Teflon (90/10) is a new pressed explosive developed for use in the Apollo program. The major advantages of HNS/Teflon are (1) excellent thermal stability at elevated temperatures, (2) superior resistance to sublimation at high temperatures and low pressures and (3) ease of molding powder preparation, pressing and machining. The impact sensitivity of HNS/Teflon is between that of Comp B and Comp A-3 while its explosive performance is about the same as TNT. Under the severe environmental conditions of the moon's surface, this explosive successfully performed its intended function of generating seismic waves in the Apollo ALSEP and LSPE experiments. (Modified author abstract)
Heller, H.↗
Key elements in building a successful photocomposition applications program
TEXTCOMP, a photocomposition applications program developed by the Technical Information and Documentation Division of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory using the Comp-2 language of Alphanumeric Publication Systems, is described. In Comp-2, each unique block of information such as a paragraph, centered heading, or side heading is termed a 'record'. All commands required for typesetting a record are grouped and identified by a record ID. Once the basic ground rules for typesetting are put into effect by a record ID, changes can be made in texts by means of in-text codes designed to access special characters or perform special operations. The approach used in the design of record ID's and in-text codes for TEXTCOMP to produce a code set structured for maximum usability by non-computer oriented personnel is discussed.
Korbuly, D. K.↗
Research into language concepts for the mission control center
A final report is given on research into language concepts for the Mission Control Center (MCC). The Specification Driven Language research is described. The state of the image processing field and how image processing techniques could be applied toward automating the generation of the language known as COmputation Development Environment (CODE or Comp Builder) are discussed. Also described is the development of a flight certified compiler for Comps.
Dellenback, Steven W.↗
LDCM Grid Prototype (LGP)
The LGP successfully demonstrated that grid technology could be used to create a collaboration among research scientists, their science development machines, and distributed data to create a science production system in a nationally distributed environment. Grid technology provides a low cost and effective method of enabling production of science products by the science community. To demonstrate this, the LGP partnered with NASA GSFC scientists and used their existing science algorithms to generate virtual Landsat-like data products using distributed data resources. LGP created 48 output composite scenes with 4 input scenes each for a total of 192 scienes processed in parallel. The demonstration took 12 hours, which beat the requirement by almost 50 percent, well within the LDCM requirement to process 250 scenes per day. The LGP project also showed the successful use of workflow tools to automate the processing. Investing in this technology has led to funding for a ROSES ACCESS proposal. The proposal intends to enable an expert science user to produce products from a number of similar distributed instrument data sets using the Land Cover Change Community-based Processing and Analysis System (LC-ComPS) Toolbox. The LC-ComPS Toolbox is a collection of science algorithms that enable the generation of data with ground resolution on the order of Landsat-class instruments.
Weinstein, Beth↗
OGLE-2013-BLG-0911Lb: A Secondary on the Brown-dwarf Planet Boundary around an M Dwarf
We present the analysis of the binary-lens microlensing event OGLE-2013-BLG-0911. The best-fit solutions indicate the binary mass ratio of q 0.03, which differs from that reported in Shvartzvald et al. The event suffers from the well-known close/wide degeneracy, resulting in two groups of solutions for the projected separation normalized by the Einstein radius of s ~ 0.15 or s ~ 7. The finite source and the parallax observations allow us to measure the lens physical parameters. The lens system is an M dwarf orbited by a massive Jupiter companion at very close (M(host) = 0.30(sup +0.08, sub -0.06)Mʘ, M(comp) = 10.1 (sup +2.9, sub -2.2 M(jup), a(exp) = 0.40 (sup +0.05, sub -0.40)au) or wide (M(host) = 0.28 (sup +0.10, sub -0.80)Mʘ, M(comp) = 9.9 (sup +3.8, sub -3.5)M(jup), a(exp) = 18.0 (sup +3.2, sub -3.2)au) separation. Although the mass ratio is slightly above the planet-brown dwarf (BD) mass-ratio boundary of q = 0.03, which is generally used, the median physical mass of the companion is slightly below the planet-BD mass boundary of 13M(Jup). It is likely that the formation mechanisms for BDs and planets are different and the objects near the boundaries could have been formed by either mechanism. It is important to probe the distribution of such companions with masses of ~13M(Jup) in order to statistically constrain the formation theories for both BDs and massive planets. In particular, the microlensing method is able to probe the distribution around low-mass M dwarfs and even BDs, which is challenging for other exoplanet detection methods.
Shota Miyazaki↗
Performance results for a hybrid coding system.
Results of computer simulation studies of the hybrid pull-up bootstrap decoding algorithm, using a constraint length 24, nonsystematic, rate 1/2 convolutional code for the symmetric channel with both binary and eight-level quantized outputs. Computational performance was used to measure the effect of several decoder parameters and determine practical operating constraints. Results reveal that the track length may be reduced to 500 information bits with small degradation in performance. The optimum number of tracks per block was found to be in the range from 7 to 11. An effective technique was devised to efficiently allocate computational effort and identify reliably decoded data sections. Long simulations indicate that a practical bootstrap decoding configuration has a computational performance about 1.0 dB better than sequential decoding and an output bit error rate about .0000025 near the R sub comp point.
Hoffman, L. B.↗
The infrared continuum spectrum of x ray illuminated molecular gas
In starburst galaxies, active galaxies, and the mysterious ultraluminous infrared galaxies, x rays are likely to interact with molecular gas and dust, thereby inducing infrared emission. X ray heated thermal dust will emit the IR continuum, and x ray photoelectrons will excite an IR emission-line spectrum. Here, researchers model the IR continuum emission characteristic of some selected x ray spectral fluxes, in particular the x ray bremsstrahlung characteristic of supernova and stellar wind bubble shocks in dense media and the power law spectra characteristic of active galactic nuclei. These models are part of a larger project to determine the complete IR spectra, lines plus continuum, of x ray sources embedded in molecular gas. They modeled the thermal emission from grains by calculating a grain temperature/size/composition distribution function, f(T,a,Comp.), which accounts for temperature fluctuations by averaging over all grain thermal histories. In determining the grain thermal distribution, researchers account for both direct grain heating (by x ray absorption and subsequent electron energy deposition) and indirect grain heating (by absorption of the UV emission stimulated by non-thermal photo- and Auger electrons in the gas phase). We let the grain size distribution be proportional to a(exp -3.5), and they consider two types of grain composition: graphites, which we assume to be pure carbon, and silicates, which contain all other depleted heavy elements. They derive the grain composition distribution function from solar abundances and interstellar depletion data.
Voit, G. Mark↗
Continuation of research into language concepts for the mission support environment: Source code
Research into language concepts for the Mission Control Center is presented. A computer code for source codes is presented. The file contains the routines which allow source code files to be created and compiled. The build process assumes that all elements and the COMP exist in the current directory. The build process places as much code generation as possible on the preprocessor as possible. A summary is given of the source files as used and/or manipulated by the build routine.
Barton, Timothy J.↗
Role of the BIPM in UTC Dissemination to the Real Time User
The generation and dissemination of International Atomic Time (TAI), and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) are explicitly mentioned in the list of principal tasks of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), that appears in the Compes Rendus of the the 18e Conference Generales des Poids et Measures, in 1987. These time scales are used as the ultimate reference in the most demanding scientific applications and must, therefore, be of the best metrological quality in terms of reliability, long term stability, and conformity of the scale interval with the second, the unit of time of the International System of Units. To meet these requirements, it is necessary that the readings of the atomic clocks, spread all over the world, that are used as basic timing data for TAI and UTC generation, must be combined in the most efficient way possible. In particular, to take full advantage of the quality of each contributing clock calls for observation of its performance over a sufficiently long time. At present, the computation period treats data in blocks covering two months. TAI and UTC are thus deferred-time scales that cannot be immediately available to real-time users. The BIPM can, nevertheless be of help to real-time users. The predictability of UTC is a fundamental attribute of the scale for institutions responsible for the dissemination of real-time time scales. It allows them to improve their local representations of UTC and, thus, implement a more thorough steering of the time scales diffused in real-time. With a view to improving the predicatbility of UTC, the BIPM examines in detail timing techniques and basic theories in order to propose alternative solutions for timing algorithms. This, coupled with a recent improvement of timing data, makes UTC more stable and thus, more predictable. At a more practical level, effort is being devoted to putting in place automatic procedures for reducing the time needed for data collection and treatment: monthly results are already available ten days earlier than before.
Quinn, T. J.↗
Flowfield And Download Measurements And Computation of a Tiltrotor Aircraft In Hover
A multipart study of the V-22 hover flowfield was conducted. Testing involved a 0.15-scale semispan model with multiple independent force balance systems. The velocity flowfield surrounding the airframe was measured using a robotic positioning system and anemometer. Both time averaged and cycle-averaged results are reported. It is shown that the fuselage download in hover can be significantly reduced using a small download reduction device. Measurements indicate that the success of the device is attributed to the substantial elimination of tiltrotor fountain flow. As part of.the study, an unsteady CFD prediction is time-averaged, and shown to have excellent agreement in predicting the baseline configuration fountain flow. Some discrepancies at the outboard edge of the rotor are discussed. An &&sessment of an advanced tip shape rotor comp"'Ietes the study. Derived from a nonrotating study, the advanced tip shape rotor was developed and tested on the Bell 0.15 scale semi-span V-22 model. The tip shape was intended to diffuse the tip vortex and reduce BVI noise. Rotor wake vorticity is extracted from the measured velocity dam to show that the advanced tip shape produces a tip vortex that is only slightly more diffuse than the baseline tip blade. The results indicate that nonrotating tests may overpredict the amount of tip vortex diffusion achieved by tip shape design in a rotating environment.
Brand, Albert G.↗
Fly Away
Kurt was one of the lead engineers/project managers at our company, Starsys, in Boulder, Colorado. I had hired Kurt six years ago and found him to be a man of few words but huge actions. Kurt had single-handedly created two new business areas in the company and made a significant contribution to the upcoming Mars Exploration. While running in the mountains, Kurt had a fatal heart attack. An avid back country skier and climber, he was 45 years old and appeared in great health. I spoke honestly from my heart, and from my own experience as a father. That day people started to ask what they could do to help the family. Over the next couple days we set up a fund where people could contribute dollars or vacation time or comp time, and Starsya would translate that into equivalent dollars and provide a matching contribution.
Tibbitts, Scott↗
Regulation of statoconia mineralization in Aplysia californica in vitro
Statoconia are calcium carbonate inclusions in the lumen of the gravity-sensing organ, the statocyst, of Aplysia californica. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of carbonic anhydrase and urease in statoconia mineralization in vitro. The experiments were performed using a previously described culture system (Pedrozo et al., J. Comp. Physiol. (A) 177:415-425). Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by acetazolamide decreased statoconia production and volume, while inhibition of urease by acetohydroxamic acid reduced total statoconia number, but had no affect on statoconia volume. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase initially increased and then decreased the statocyst pH, whereas inhibition of urease decreased statocyst pH at all times examined; simultaneous addition of both inhibitors also decreased pH. These effects were dose and time dependent. The results show that carbonic anhydrase and urease are required for statoconia formation and homeostasis, and for regulation of statocyst pH. This suggests that these two enzymes regulate mineralization at least partially through regulation of statocyst pH.
NASA Discipline Neuroscience↗