Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Ceramic fibers”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Thermal conductivity measurements and modeling of ceramic fiber insulation materials

Ceramic fiber insulation materials are used in numerous applications (e.g. aerospace, fire protection, and military) for their stability and performance in extreme environments. However, the thermal properties of these materials have not been thoroughly characterized for many of the conditions that they will be exposed to, such as high temperatures, pressures, and alternate gaseous atmospheres. The resulting uncertainty in the material properties can complicate the design of systems using these materials. In this study, the thermal conductivity of two ceramic fiber insulations, Fiberfrax T-30LR laminate and 970-H paper, was measured as a function of atmospheric temperature and compression in an air environment using the transient plane source technique. Furthermore, a model is introduced to account for changes in thermal conductivity with temperature, compression, and ambient gas. The model was tuned to the collected experimental data and results are compared. Lastly, the tuned model is also compared to published data sets taken in argon, helium, and hydrogen environments and agreement is discussed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Faceted ceramic fibers, tapes or ribbons and epitaxial devices therefrom

A crystalline article includes a single-crystal ceramic fiber, tape or ribbon. The fiber, tape or ribbon has at least one crystallographic facet along its length, which is generally at least one meter long. In the case of sapphire, the facets are R-plane, M-plane, C-plane or A-plane facets. Epitaxial articles, including superconducting articles, can be formed on the fiber, tape or ribbon.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Additive manufacturing of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic composite with multiple fiber bundles by an extrusion-based technique

Due to the high cost, complex preparation process and difficulty in structural design, the traditional methods for carbon fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic composite preparation have great limitations. This paper presents a technique for the additive manufacturing multiple continuous carbon fiber bundle-reinforced SiC ceramic composite with core-shell structure using an extrusion-based technique. A conventional nozzle system was modified to print simultaneously a water-based SiC paste with continuous carbon fibers. Different levels of binder contents were investigated to optimize the stickiness, viscosity, thixotropy and viscoelasticity of the paste. After sintering, SiC whiskers were generated on the surface of fiber, which is conjectured to be due to the reaction between SiO and carbon fiber at high temperature. The continuous carbon fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic composite exhibited non-brittle fracture. In conclusion, the flexural strength of the additively manufactured Cf/SiC composites improved from 162 MPa with no fiber bundles to a maximum of 219 MPa with three fiber bundles.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Modularization of Ceramic Hollow Fiber Membrane Technology for Air Separation

This proposed project is aimed at studying high performance and economically competitive ceramic membrane technology for air separation and high-purity oxygen production using hollow fiber ceramic membrane stack and module technology. The design of the single permeate membrane is a hollow fiber substrate-supported thin tri-layer structure. Radially well-aligned micro-channels are embedded in the thick substrate and open at the inner surface of the substrate, enabling facile air/gas diffusion. The tri-layer structure of thin dense membrane layer (~ 10 µm) sandwiched by porous surface layer on either side is then built on the substrate using advanced fabrication process. The tri-layer structure design allows different materials to be used in different layers, where the materials of surface layers have high surface exchange coefficients while the material of dense layer has high bulk diffusivity. Such a synergetic combination leads to high permeation performance. The focus of the proposed project will be on membrane stack/module development using the developed single hollow fiber membranes, including: 1) fabrication and characterization of novel single hollow fiber membranes; 2) membrane stack design and assembly using fabricated single membranes; 3) stack modeling and analysis to guide membrane stack designs; 4) permeation performance testing and characterization of membrane stacks. The hollow fiber feature and simple sealing requirement enable very compact design of membrane stacks, which have excellent flexibility for further modularizations at different scales. The operations of such membrane stack and module may employ the exhaust heat from other components of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle and oxy-combustion systems. Therefore, modularization of such an air separation membrane technology can be incorporated into the DOE’s REMS (radically engineered modular systems)-gasification skid and support the oxidant feed of an oxygen-blown REMS gasifier scaled to different ranges.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2018

Interlaboratory round robin study on axial tensile properties of SiC-SiC CMC tubular test specimens [Interlaboratory round robin study on axial tensile properties of SiC/SiC tubes]

An interlaboratory round robin study was conducted on the tensile strength of SiC–SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) tubular test specimens at room temperature with the objective of expanding the database of mechanical properties of nuclear grade SiC–SiC and establishing the precision and bias statement for standard test method ASTM C1773. The mechanical properties statistics from the round robin study and the precision statistics and precision statement are presented herein. The data show reasonable consistency across the laboratories, indicating that the current C1773–13 ASTM standard is adequate for testing ceramic fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite tubular test specimen. Furthermore, it was found that the distribution of ultimate tensile strength data was best described with a two–parameter Weibull distribution, while a lognormal distribution provided a good description of the distribution of proportional limit stress data.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Hybrid Ceramic-CMC Vane with EBC for Future Coal Derived Syngas Fired 65% Efficient Turbine Combined Cycle

The efficiency of both simple cycle and combined cycle power generation systems scale with the peak temperature at which the gas exits the combustor to drive the turbine. In conventional systems, a substantial fraction of the total turbine core flow exiting the compressor is diverted downstream to cool metallic turbine hardware rather than power the turbine, much of which is used to cool the first-stage turbine vane. The use of coal derived syngas fuels provides an additional challenge to the lifetime of materials utilized in the turbine, as particulate byproducts created in the coal gasification process melt in the combustion gas, and can subsequently deposit and interact with the turbine hardware. The development of durable hot-section materials capable of operating at temperature well above that of single crystal superalloy airfoil/zirconia based thermal barrier coatings is critical to realizing 65% efficient coal derived syngas fired gas turbine based power systems. To enable higher turbine inlet temperatures while lowering cooling air requirements, United Technologies Research Center (UTRC), the central R&D laboratory supporting UT Pratt & Whitney, led the conceptual design of a new type of ceramic composite turbine hot section materials system. The design focused on a novel hybrid monolithic ceramic-fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite (CMC) first stage turbine vane having an environmental barrier coating. By utilizing ceramic construction in the turbine hot-section, the core flow normally used to cool metallic components will be substantially reduced, increasing efficiency and reducing emissions. To provide the framework for future demonstration testing, UTRC partnered with University of North Dakota Energy and Environmental Research Center (UNDEERC) to provide a conceptual design for a gasified coal fed high-pressure turbine combustor system designed to mimic the conditions expected in a future 65% fuel to busbar efficient syngas fueled gas turbine based combined cycle. The UNDEERC and UTRC collaborated on characterizing dusts from coal gasifier filtration systems.

10 SYNTHETIC FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Joining of SiC Fiber-Bonded Ceramics using Silver, Copper, Nickel, Palladium, and Silicon-Based Alloy Interlayers

SiC fiber-bonded ceramics, SA-Tyrannohex, (SA-THX) with perpendicular and parallel fiber orientations were brazed using Ag-, Ni- and Pd-base brazes, and four Si X (X: Ti, Cr, Y, Ta) eutectics. Outcomes were variable, ranging from bonded joints through partially bonded to un-bonded joints. Prominent Ti- and Si-rich interfaces developed with Cusil-ABA, Ticusil, and Copper-ABA and Ni- and Si-rich layers with MBF-20. Stress rupture tests at 650 and 750 C on Cusil-ABA-bonded joints revealed a temperature-dependent behavior for the perpendicular joints but not for the parallel joints with failure occurring at brazed interface. Higher-use temperatures can be targeted with eutectic Si Ti and Si Cr alloys.

brazing↗
DOE OSTI2015

Fire resistance properties of ceramic wool fiber reinforced intumescent coatings

This research studied the effects of varied weight percentage and length of ceramic wool fiber (CWF) reinforcement to fire retardant performance of epoxy-based intumescent coating. Ten formulations were developed using ammonium polyphosphate (APP), expandable graphite (EG), melamine (MEL) and boric acid (BA). The mixing was conducted in two stages; powdered materials were grinded in Rocklabs mortar grinder and epoxy-mixed using Caframo mixer at low speed mixing. The samples were applied on mild steel substrate and exposed to 500°C heat inside Carbolite electric furnace. The char expansion and its physical properties were observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were conducted to inspect the fiber dispersion, fiber condition and the cell structure of both coatings and chars produced. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were conducted to study the thermal properties of the coating such as degradation temperature and residual weight. Fire retardant performance was determined by measuring backside temperature of substrate in 1-hour, 1000°C Bunsen burner test according to UL 1709 fire regime. The results showed that intumescent coating reinforced with CWF produced better fire resistance performance. When compared to unreinforced coating, formulation S6-15 significantly reduced steel temperature at approximately 34.7% to around 175°C. However, higher fiber weight percentage had slightly decreased fire retardant performance of the coating.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Evaluation of a real-time BeO ceramic fiber-coupled luminescence dosimetry system for dose verification of high dose rate brachytherapy

Purpose: The authors evaluate the capability of a beryllium oxide (BeO) ceramic fiber-coupled luminescence dosimeter, named radioluminescence/optically stimulated luminescence (RL/OSL) BeO FOD, for dosimetric verification of high dose rate (HDR) treatments. The RL/OSL BeO FOD is capable of RL and OSL measurements. Methods: The RL/OSL BeO FOD is able to be inserted in 6F proguide needles, used in interstitial HDR treatments. Using a custom built Perspex phantom, 6F proguide needles could be submerged in a water tank at 1 cm separations from each other. A second background fiber was required to correct for the stem effect. The stem effect, dose linearity, reproducibility, depth-dose curves, and angular and temperature dependency of the RL/OSL BeO FOD were characterised using an Ir-192 source. The RL/OSL BeO FOD was also applied to the commissioning of a 10 mm horizontal Leipzig applicator. Results: Both the RL and OSL were found to be reproducible and their percentage depth-dose curves to be in good agreement with those predicted via TG-43. A combined uncertainty of 7.9% and 10.1% (k = 1) was estimated for the RL and OSL, respectively. For the 10 mm horizontal Leipzig applicator, measured percentage depth doses were within 5% agreement of the published reference calculations. The output at the 3 mm prescription depth for a 1 Gy delivery was verified to be 0.99 ± 0.08 Gy and 1.01 ± 0.10 Gy by the RL and OSL, respectively. Conclusions: The use of the second background fiber under the current setup means that the two fibers cannot fit into a single 6F needle. Hence, use of the RL is currently not adequate for the purpose of in vivo brachytherapy dosimetry. While not real-time, the OSL is shown to be adequate for in vivo brachytherapy dosimetry.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Ceramic composites: A review of toughening mechanisms and demonstration of micropillar compression for interface property extraction

We present that ceramic fiber–matrix composites (CFMCs) are exciting materials for engineering applications in extreme environments. By integrating ceramic fibers within a ceramic matrix, CFMCs allow an intrinsically brittle material to exhibit sufficient structural toughness for use in gas turbines and nuclear reactors. Chemical stability under high temperature and irradiation coupled with high specific strength make these materials unique and increasingly popular in extreme settings. This paper first offers a review of the importance and growing body of research on fiber–matrix interfaces as they relate to composite toughening mechanisms. Second, micropillar compression is explored experimentally as a high-fidelity method for extracting interface properties compared with traditional fiber push-out testing. Three significant interface properties that govern composite toughening were extracted. For a 50-nm-pyrolytic carbon interface, the following were observed: a fracture energy release rate of ~2.5 J/m 2 , an internal friction coefficient of 0.25 ± 0.04, and a debond shear strength of 266 ± 24 MPa. Lastly, this research supports micromechanical evaluations as a unique bridge between theoretical physics models for microcrack propagation and empirically driven finite element models for bulk CFMCs.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Process for manufacturing SiC composite ceramics

A method is described for manufacturing a ceramic composite structure. The method includes wrapping ceramic fibers (22), such as SiC fibers, about the external surface of at least one form. The method further includes heating the wrapped fibers (22) to a temperature no greater than a first temperature, infiltrating voids (24) in the wrapped fibers (22) with the ceramic composite in a first vessel (12) at the first temperature, transferring the infiltrated wrapped fibers (22) from the first vessel (12) to a second vessel (14), distinct from the first vessel (12), and coating the infiltrated wrapped fibers (22) with the ceramic composite in the second vessel (14) at a second temperature, higher than the first temperature.

Lahoda, Edward J.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Nano-Engineered Catalyst Supported on Ceramic Hollow Fibers for the Utilization of CO 2 in Dry Reforming to Produce Syngas

The objective of this project was to develop a novel catalytic reactor containing nano-engineered catalysts for the utilization of CO 2 (captured from coal-fired power plants and other CO 2 emitting sources) in dry methane reforming (DMR) (CO 2 + CH 4 → 2 H 2 + 2 CO) to produce synthesis gas (syngas). The technology aims to reduce CO2 emissions by developing beneficial uses for CO 2 from coal-fired power plants. It also offers an alternative to mitigate CO 2 emissions in areas where geologic storage may not be an optimal solution and/or utilization could significantly offset the costs of carbon capture and sequestration. The nano-engineered Ni-based catalyst was prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The Ni particles were as small as ~2-4 nm. The nano-engineered catalyst showed CH 4 conversion >95%, H 2 /CO ratio in the range of 0.7-1.0, and CH 4 reforming rate as high as 2,500 L/h/gNi at 850 ºC and pressure of 15-25 psia. The Ni-based ALD catalyst also showed good stability in DMR reaction during a 200-h continuous operation at 850 °C. This is due to strong bonding between the nanoparticles and substrates since the Ni nanoparticles were chemically bonded to the substrate during the ALD process. The high thermal stability maintains the high dispersion of Ni nanoparticles, which can inhibit coke formation because their step edges are small enough to limit carbon nucleation and growth. Technoeconomic analysis (TEA) indicates the levelized cost of syngas (LCOS) is $172/ton with our technology, which is lower than the equivalent (molar) cost of hydrogen produced by steam methane reforming (SMR) or autothermal reforming (ATR). The major operating cost is natural gas feed and fuel, and the levelized cost is highly sensitive to the price of natural gas and relatively insensitive to the CAPEX. Revenues from syngas could have a significant impact on the net cost of electricity (COE), depending on the cost of natural gas and the selling price of syngas, estimated at $36 per MWh if the syngas were sold at $195 per ton. Following DOE NETL’s guidance, a lifecycle analysis (LCA) was conducted to compare with SMR. The functional unit for the basis of comparison was defined as 1kg carbon monoxide in the product stream. The global warming potential (GWP) of our process was found to be 40% lower than the state-of-the-art SMR process. The sensitivity analysis confirms the emissions are most sensitive to the natural gas fuel requirements to deliver heat to the process.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗