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At least 19 records

Catalytic Oxidation of CO on a Curved Pt(111) Surface: Simultaneous Ignition at All Facets through a Transient CO-O Complex

The light-off of the CO oxidation is simultaneous on all Pt crystal surfaces vicinal to the (111) plane, regardless of the reaction conditions, and in contrast with the structural dependence of Pd. In this work, using ambient-pressure XPS we find that, immediately prior to ignition, atomic oxygen incorporates to the subsurface plane, leading to buckling of the topmost CO-Pt layer, and effectively equaling the CO desorption temperature at terraces and steps.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Thermal properties of the metallic delafossite PdCo⁢O 2 : A combined experimental and first-principles study

Metallic delafossite materials (e.g., PdCo⁢O 2 , PtCo⁢O 2 ), have attracted much recent attention due to record-high oxide conductivities, the origins of which remain unclear. Relatively little attention has been paid to their related thermal properties, however. Here, we address this via wide temperature range experimental studies of the crystal structure, thermal expansion, and specific heat of single-crystal PdCo⁢O 2 , combined with density-functional theory (DFT) calculations of the electronic and phononic densities of states, and thus thermal properties. PdCo⁢O 2 is shown to retain the $R\bar{3}m$ space group from 12 to 1000 K, exhibiting a- and c-axis thermal expansion in good quantitative agreement with DFT-based lattice dynamics calculations. The Co-O bond lengths additionally elucidate the stability of the low-spin state of the nominally Co 3+ ions, which is a notable difference between the edge-shared Co-O octahedra in PdCo⁢O 2 and the corner-shared octahedra in Co-based perovskites. Measurements of specific heat from 1.9 to 400 K provide accurate values for the Debye temperature and Sommerfeld coefficient, the phononic part being describable via a combined Debye-Einstein approach (accounting for high-frequency oxygen-related optical phonons), with excess intermediate-temperature specific heat due to a prominent low-energy peak in the phonon density of states. Most significantly, all electronic and phononic contributions to the specific heat are shown to be remarkably closely reproduced by DFT-based calculations, establishing quantitative understanding of key thermal properties of the metallic delafossite PdCo⁢O 2 .

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Dynamically Unveiling Metal–Nitrogen Coordination during Thermal Activation to Design High-Efficient Atomically Dispersed CoN 4 Active Sites

We elucidate the structural evolution of CoN 4 sites during thermal activation by developing a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8-derived carbon host as an ideal model for Co 2+ ion adsorption. Subsequent in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis can dynamically track the conversion from inactive Co-OH and Co-O species into active CoN 4 sites. The critical transition occurs at 700 °C and becomes optimal at 900 °C, generating the highest intrinsic activity and four-electron selectivity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). DFT calculations elucidate that the ORR is kinetically favored by the thermal-induced compressive strain of Co-N bonds in CoN 4 active sites formed at 900 °C. Further, we developed a two-step (i.e., Co ion doping and adsorption) Co-N-C catalyst with increased CoN 4 site density and optimized porosity for mass transport, and demonstrated its outstanding fuel cell performance and durability.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Determining the Oxygen Stoichiometry of Cobaltite Thin Films

Transition metal oxides (TMO) are promising materials to realize low-power neuromorphic devices. Their physical properties critically depend on their oxygen vacancy concentrations, whose experimental determination remains a challenging task. Here we focus on cobaltites, in particular La 1-x Sr x CoO 3-d (LSCO), and we present a strategy to identify fingerprints of oxygen vacancies in X-ray absorption (XA) spectra. Using a combination of experiment and theory, we show that the variation of the oxygen vacancy concentration in the perovskite phase of LSCO is correlated with the change of the relative peak positions of the O K-edge XA spectra. Furthermore, we also identify an additional geometrical fingerprint that captures both the changes of the Co-O bond length and Co-O-Co bond angle in the material due to the presence of oxygen vacancies. Finally, we predict the oxygen vacancy concentration of experimental samples and show how the resistivity of the oxide material may be tuned as a function of the defect concentration present in the system.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Highly Oxidized Oxide Surface toward Optimum Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Termination Engineering

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical step for sustainable fuel production through electrochemistry process. Maximizing active sites of nanocatalyst with enhanced intrinsic activity, especially the activation of lattice oxygen, is gradually recognized as the primary incentive. Since the surface reconfiguration to oxyhydroxide is unavoidable for oxygen-activated transition metal oxides, developing a surface termination like oxyhydroxide in oxides is highly desirable. In this work, we demonstrate an unusual surface termination of (111)-facet Co 3 O 4 nanosheet that is exclusively containing edge-sharing octahedral Co 3+ similar to CoOOH that can perform at approximately 40 times higher current density at 1.63 V (vs RHE) than commercial RuO 2 . It is found that this surface termination has an oxidized oxygen state in contrast to standard Co-O systems, which can serve as active site independently, breaking the scaling relationship limit. Finally, this work forwards the applications of oxide electrocatalysts in the energy conversion field by surface termination engineering.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Emergent and robust ferromagnetic-insulating state in highly strained ferroelastic LaCoO 3 thin films

Transition metal oxides are promising candidates for the next generation of spintronic devices due to their fascinating properties that can be effectively engineered by strain, defects, and microstructure. An excellent example can be found in ferroelastic LaCoO 3 with paramagnetism in bulk. In contrast, unexpected ferromagnetism is observed in tensile-strained LaCoO 3 films, however, its origin remains controversial. Here we simultaneously reveal the formation of ordered oxygen vacancies and previously unreported long-range suppression of CoO 6 octahedral rotations throughout LaCoO 3 films. Supported by density functional theory calculations, we find that the strong modification of Co 3d-O 2p hybridization associated with the increase of both Co-O-Co bond angle and Co-O bond length weakens the crystal-field splitting and facilitates an ordered high-spin state of Co ions, inducing an emergent ferromagnetic-insulating state. Our work provides unique insights into underlying mechanisms driving the ferromagnetic-insulating state in tensile-strained ferroelastic LaCoO 3 films while suggesting potential applications toward low-power spintronic devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Crystal-chemical origins of the ultrahigh conductivity of metallic delafossites

Abstract Despite their highly anisotropic complex-oxidic nature, certain delafossite compounds ( e.g ., PdCoO 2 , PtCoO 2 ) are the most conductive oxides known, for reasons that remain poorly understood. Their room-temperature conductivity can exceed that of Au, while their low-temperature electronic mean-free-paths reach an astonishing 20 μm. It is widely accepted that these materials must be ultrapure to achieve this, although the methods for their growth (which produce only small crystals) are not typically capable of such. Here, we report a different approach to PdCoO 2 crystal growth, using chemical vapor transport methods to achieve order-of-magnitude gains in size, the highest structural qualities yet reported, and record residual resistivity ratios ( > 440). Nevertheless, detailed mass spectrometry measurements on these materials reveal that they are not ultrapure in a general sense, typically harboring 100s-of-parts-per-million impurity levels. Through quantitative crystal-chemical analyses, we resolve this apparent dichotomy, showing that the vast majority of impurities are forced to reside in the Co-O octahedral layers, leaving the conductive Pd sheets highly pure (∼1 ppm impurity concentrations). These purities are shown to be in quantitative agreement with measured residual resistivities. We thus conclude that a sublattice purification mechanism is essential to the ultrahigh low-temperature conductivity and mean-free-path of metallic delafossites.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Frustration-mediated crossover from long-range to short-range magnetic ordering in Y 1 – x L u x BaC o 4 O 7

The R⁢BaC⁢o 4⁢ O 7 system is a prototype geometrically frustrated magnet in which kagome planes and triangular layers of Co-O tetrahedra interleave. For R=Y, an antiferromagnetic ground state is realized due to a frustration-breaking trigonal-orthorhombic phase transition. For R = Lu, however, a long-range ordered state has rarely, if ever, been reported despite a similar symmetry-breaking transition, albeit at a significantly lower temperature. To explore this dichotomy, we present a comprehensive magnetic and structural phase diagram for Y 1-x L⁢u x BaC⁢o 4 ⁢O 7 , established through complementary neutron diffraction and magnetization measurements. Our results outline the phase evolution of the nuclear structures in response to changes in composition and temperature. Further, the temperature of the trigonal (P⁢31⁢c) to orthorhombic (Pbn⁢2 1 ) transition, T s⁢1 , decreases monotonically with increasing Lu content from 310 K for x = 0.0 to 110 K for x = 1.0. In Lu-rich compositions (0.7 ≤ x ≤ 1.0), first-order structural transitions are observed with coexisting and competing orthorhombic Pbn⁢2 1 and metastable monoclinic Cc phases. For the magnetically ordered Y-rich compositions, T- and x-dependent refinements of the magnetic structure reveal an antiferromagnetic “ribbonlike” arrangement of Co spin pairs in both the triangular and the kagome layers. A gradual suppression of long-range magnetic order is observed with increasing the Lu content, accompanied by the development of short-range magnetic correlations present in all the samples.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Co3O4 by Materials Project

Co3O4 is Hausmannite structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Co+2.67+ sites. In the first Co+2.67+ site, Co+2.67+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CoO4 tetrahedra and edges with six equivalent CoO6 octahedra. All Co–O bond lengths are 1.93 Å. In the second Co+2.67+ site, Co+2.67+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CoO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 59°. All Co–O bond lengths are 1.96 Å. O2- is bonded to four Co+2.67+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OCo4 trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on CoO by Materials Project

CoO is Halite, Rock Salt structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Co2+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Co–O bond lengths are 2.14 Å. O2- is bonded to six equivalent Co2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OCo6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on CoO by Materials Project

CoO is Wurtzite structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3mc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Co2+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CoO4 tetrahedra. There is one shorter (1.97 Å) and three longer (2.00 Å) Co–O bond length. O2- is bonded to four equivalent Co2+ atoms to form corner-sharing OCo4 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on CoO2 by Materials Project

Lix0CoO2 is trigonal omega structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P-3m1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Lix0CoO2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Co4+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form edge-sharing CoO6 octahedra. All Co–O bond lengths are 1.89 Å. O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Co4+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on CoO2 by Materials Project

Lix0CoO2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Lix0CoO2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Co4+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form edge-sharing CoO6 octahedra. There is two shorter (1.79 Å) and four longer (2.04 Å) Co–O bond length. O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Co4+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Co5O8 by Materials Project

Co5O8 is beta indium sulfide-like structured and crystallizes in the cubic F-43m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Co+3.20+ sites. In the first Co+3.20+ site, Co+3.20+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent CoO4 tetrahedra and edges with six equivalent CoO6 octahedra. There is three shorter (1.87 Å) and three longer (1.94 Å) Co–O bond length. In the second Co+3.20+ site, Co+3.20+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CoO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 60°. All Co–O bond lengths are 1.92 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Co+3.20+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Co+3.20+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OCo4 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on CoO2 by Materials Project

Lix0CoO2 is Cyanogen Chloride-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two cobalt dihydroxide molecules. Co4+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Co–O bond lengths are 1.56 Å. O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Co4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on CoO2 by Materials Project

Lix0CoO2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are twelve inequivalent Co4+ sites. In the first Co4+ site, Co4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with three CoO4 tetrahedra and edges with four CoO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.80–1.97 Å. In the second Co4+ site, Co4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent CoO4 tetrahedra and edges with four CoO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.80–1.97 Å. In the third Co4+ site, Co4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CoO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–57°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.74–1.91 Å. In the fourth Co4+ site, Co4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with four CoO4 tetrahedra and edges with three CoO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.82–1.91 Å. In the fifth Co4+ site, Co4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CoO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–59°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–1.91 Å. In the sixth Co4+ site, Co4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CoO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–56°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.74–1.90 Å. In the seventh Co4+ site, Co4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six CoO4 tetrahedra and edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–1.91 Å. In the eighth Co4+ site, Co4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CoO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 51–56°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.75–1.90 Å. In the ninth Co4+ site, Co4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with five CoO4 tetrahedra and edges with three CoO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.81–1.97 Å. In the tenth Co4+ site, Co4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CoO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–57°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.75–1.91 Å. In the eleventh Co4+ site, Co4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent CoO4 tetrahedra and edges with four CoO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.80–1.97 Å. In the twelfth Co4+ site, Co4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CoO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–60°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.83–1.94 Å. There are twenty-four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Co4+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two equivalent Co4+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three Co4+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal pyramidal geometry to four Co4+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Co4+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Co4+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Co4+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Co4+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three Co4+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Co4+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Co4+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Co4+ atoms. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Co4+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Co4+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Co4+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Co4+ atoms. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Co4+ atoms. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Co4+ atoms. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two equivalent Co4+ atoms. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Co4+ atoms. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Co4+ atoms. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal pyramidal geometry to four Co4+ atoms. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Co4+ atoms. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Co4+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on CoO2 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on CoO2 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗