Ohmic contacts to silicon carbide
Al-Si and Cu-Ti eutectic alloys showing good ohmic contacts to SiC
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Al-Si and Cu-Ti eutectic alloys showing good ohmic contacts to SiC
The present investigation examines the in-plane mechanical behavior of a particular woven metal matrix composite (MMC); 8-harness (8H) satin carbon/copper (C/Cu). This is accomplished via mechanical testing as well as micromechanical modeling. While the literature is replete with experimental and modeling efforts for woven and braided polymer matrix composites, little work has been done on woven and braided MMC's. Thus, the development and understanding of woven MMC's is at an early stage. 8H satin C/Cu owes its existence to the high thermal conductivity of copper and low density and thermal expansion of carbon fibers. It is a candidate material for high heat flux applications, such as space power radiator panels. The experimental portion of this investigation consists of monotonic and cyclic tension, compression, and Iosipescu shear tests, as well as combined tension-compression tests. Tests were performed on composite specimens with three copper matrix alloy types: pure Cu, Cu-0.5 weight percent Ti (Cu-Ti), and Cu-0.7 weight percent Cr (Cu-Cr). The small alloying additions are present to promote fiber/matrix interfacial bonding. The analytical modeling effort utilizes an approach in which a local micromechanical model is embedded in a global micromechanical model. This approach differs from previously developed analytical models for woven composites in that a true repeating unit cell is analyzed. However, unlike finite element modeling of woven composites, the geometry is sufficiently idealized to allow efficient geometric discretization and efficient execution.
TiCu is Tetraauricupride structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ti is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Cu atoms. All Ti–Cu bond lengths are 2.66 Å. Cu is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Ti atoms.
CuTi3 is Uranium Silicide structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ti is bonded to eight equivalent Ti and four equivalent Cu atoms to form TiTi8Cu4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent TiTi8Cu4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent CuTi12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent TiTi8Cu4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent CuTi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen equivalent TiTi8Cu4 cuboctahedra. All Ti–Ti bond lengths are 2.81 Å. All Ti–Cu bond lengths are 2.81 Å. Cu is bonded to twelve equivalent Ti atoms to form CuTi12 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent CuTi12 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four equivalent TiTi8Cu4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent CuTi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent TiTi8Cu4 cuboctahedra.
Cu3Ti is beta Cu3Ti structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmmn space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ti is bonded to twelve Cu atoms to form TiCu12 cuboctahedra that share corners with two equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, corners with sixteen CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Ti–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.58–2.71 Å. There are two inequivalent Cu sites. In the first Cu site, Cu is bonded to four equivalent Ti and eight Cu atoms to form distorted CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Cu–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.54–2.75 Å. In the second Cu site, Cu is bonded to four equivalent Ti and eight equivalent Cu atoms to form distorted CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, corners with ten CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra.
TiCu is gamma CuTi structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/nmm space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one TiCu sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Ti is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Cu atoms. There are four shorter (2.64 Å) and one longer (2.76 Å) Ti–Cu bond lengths. Cu is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Ti and four equivalent Cu atoms. All Cu–Cu bond lengths are 2.56 Å.
Ti2Cu3 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ti is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Cu atoms. There are a spread of Ti–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.63–2.68 Å. There are two inequivalent Cu sites. In the first Cu site, Cu is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Ti atoms. In the second Cu site, Cu is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Ti and four equivalent Cu atoms. All Cu–Cu bond lengths are 2.55 Å.
Ti2Cu3 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/nmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ti sites. In the first Ti site, Ti is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Cu atoms. There are a spread of Ti–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.66–3.14 Å. In the second Ti site, Ti is bonded in a distorted q6 geometry to ten Cu atoms. There are a spread of Ti–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.66 Å. There are three inequivalent Cu sites. In the first Cu site, Cu is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Ti and five Cu atoms. There are four shorter (2.55 Å) and one longer (2.79 Å) Cu–Cu bond lengths. In the second Cu site, Cu is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to five Ti and five Cu atoms. All Cu–Cu bond lengths are 2.57 Å. In the third Cu site, Cu is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Ti and four equivalent Cu atoms.
Ti2Cu crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two Ti2Cu sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Ti is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Cu atoms. All Ti–Cu bond lengths are 2.71 Å. Cu is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Ti atoms.
Cu2Ti crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ti is bonded in a distorted q6 geometry to ten equivalent Cu atoms. There are a spread of Ti–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.60–2.69 Å. Cu is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Ti atoms.
Cu4Ti crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ti is bonded to twelve Cu atoms to form TiCu12 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen CuTi3Cu9 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Ti–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.58–2.68 Å. There are four inequivalent Cu sites. In the first Cu site, Cu is bonded to four equivalent Ti and eight Cu atoms to form distorted CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra that share corners with five equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, corners with thirteen CuTi2Cu10 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Cu–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.55–2.68 Å. In the second Cu site, Cu is bonded to three equivalent Ti and nine Cu atoms to form distorted CuTi3Cu9 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, corners with ten CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra, faces with three equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with seventeen CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Cu–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.58–2.63 Å. In the third Cu site, Cu is bonded to three equivalent Ti and nine Cu atoms to form distorted CuTi3Cu9 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen CuTi2Cu10 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra, faces with five equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fifteen CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Cu–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.63 Å. In the fourth Cu site, Cu is bonded to two equivalent Ti and ten Cu atoms to form CuTi2Cu10 cuboctahedra that share a cornercorner with one TiCu12 cuboctahedra, corners with seventeen CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent TiCu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen CuTi4Cu8 cuboctahedra. Both Cu–Cu bond lengths are 2.57 Å.