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Materials Data on Cu6Sn5 by Materials Project

Cu6Sn5 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Cu sites. In the first Cu site, Cu is bonded in a distorted q6 geometry to three Cu and six Sn atoms. There are a spread of Cu–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.56–2.65 Å. There are a spread of Cu–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.85 Å. In the second Cu site, Cu is bonded in a distorted q6 geometry to three Cu and six Sn atoms. There are one shorter (2.55 Å) and one longer (2.66 Å) Cu–Cu bond lengths. There are a spread of Cu–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.86 Å. In the third Cu site, Cu is bonded in a distorted q6 geometry to four Cu and six Sn atoms. Both Cu–Cu bond lengths are 2.74 Å. There are a spread of Cu–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.81–2.88 Å. In the fourth Cu site, Cu is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to six Cu and five Sn atoms. There are a spread of Cu–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.74 Å. There are three inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Cu atoms. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Cu atoms. In the third Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Cu atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Cycling-Induced Microstructural Changes in Alloy Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract High-capacity electrochemical alloying materials, such as tin and tin-based alloys, present an opportunity for the advancement of lithium-ion batteries. However, the destructive effects of volumetric expansion must be mitigated in order to sustain this high capacity during extended cycling. One way to mitigate these effects is by alloying Sn with more malleable metals to accommodate the strain related to severe volumetric expansion. Ex situ X-ray microtomography data of cycled Cu6Sn5 pellets were used to quantify the microstructural changes that occur during lithiation and delithiation. The microtomography data were segmented into three distinct phases to evaluate phase size distributions, specific surface area, and tortuosity. Electrodes lithiated and then delithiated showed the most substantial reduction in overall phase sizes. This suggests that full lithiation of the Sn followed by partial delithiation of the Li4.4Sn to Li2CuSn can cause substantial microstructural changes related to volume expansion on lithiation and structural collapse upon delithiation. When considering other microstructural characteristics, this subset of the electrodes analyzed showed the highest tortuosity values. These results show that in addition to the mechanical degradation of the electrodes, excessive volume expansion can also influence transport networks in the active material and supporting phases of the electrode. While based on studies of the active–inactive alloy Cu6Sn5 for lithium-ion battery applications, the insights obtained are expected to be applicable to other alloy electrodes and battery chemistries.

Electrochemistry↗

Causes of Degradation of Organ Pipes with Very Low Lead Content

This study investigates the causes of degradation in organ pipes with low lead content. Using light This study investigates the causes of degradation in organ pipes with low lead content. Using light optical microscopy, SEM/EDS, and TEM/EDS, intermetallic Cu6Sn5, FeSn2, Sn4As3, and Pb particles were observed in the structure of SnPb alloys. Degradation of the low-Pb organ metal, which is primarily caused by the selective corrosion of lead occurring due to the effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Another factor leading to degradation is the structural transformation of tin occurring at low temperatures (tin pest). TEM/EDS allowed the unique observation of α-tin particles found in a β-tin matrix at room temperature. The presence of particles of α‑tin in historical organ pipes has not previously been reported, and it is the first presented observation of all.

alloy SnPb↗