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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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5 records
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NASA NTRS1973

Cautionary note concerning the CuSO4 X-ray laser

For the so far unconfirmed lasing action claimed by Kepros et al. (1972) to have been obtained by focusing a 1.06-micron radiation of a q-switched Nd(3+) glass laser to a small cylindrical volume inside a CuSO4-doped gelatin medium supported between two glass plates, an alternate explanation is proposed that does not depend on the assumption of laser action in copper. The proposed explanation shows how collimated X-ray beams might be created under the experimental conditions described by Kepros et al.

Billman, K. W.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Effect of microgravity on collagenase deprotoeinization and EDTA decalcification of bone fragments

Undecalcified (n = 140) and decalcified (n = 11) bone fragments were treated with either collagenase (to remove collagen portion; undecalcified n = 64, decalcified n = 11) or EDTA (to remove mineral portion; n= 76) under the reduced gravity environment on US Space Shuttle mission STS-57. The fragments were initially stored in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer solution. After orbit had been established, fragments were exposed to either a neutral buffered collagenase or EDTA solution. Reactions were terminated (neutral buffered formalin for collagenase, 21% CuSO4-5H2O for EDTA) before reentry to earth's atmosphere. Differences in bone samples mass from before flight to after flight were measured. EDTA-treated sample mass was corrected for CuSO4 content. Flight and matched ground (gravitational control) sample showed similar EDTA-induced loss of mineral mass. Collagenase treatments, however, appeared to be more effective in flight samples compared to ground control samples. The flight-exposed, collagenase-treated samples showed significantly more loss than did ground samples. The microgravity environment appeared to promote proteolytic reactions in bone more than the EDTA decalcification reaction.

Simske, S. J.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Electrodeposition of metals and metal/cermet composites in low gravity

Electrodeposition experiments were carried out on the bench and a KC-135 aircraft at 0.01 g in anticipation of microgravity flights on NASA's Space Transportation System Shuttle. Experimental results obtained by interferometry compare concentration gradients as a function of time in the vicinity of a reducing electrode (cathode) for Cu(+2) and Co(+2) electrodeposition cells. No difference was found between bench and 0.01 g produced gradients for a .1M CuSO4 cell, but a significant difference was noted between the gradients in a 1M CoSO4 cell even though the bench cells were operated in a nonconvecting shielded (cathode over anode) mode. The gradient for Co(+2) depletion produced at 0.01 g was greater and the entire layer was thicker than found on the bench. Neutral buoyancy/matched density codeposition experiments were performed on the bench in an attempt to physically duplicate the results of metal/cermet codepositions in microgravity. Polystyrene spheres with average diameter 11.8 microns and density approximately matching that of 1M CoSO4 were utilized to emulate nonsedimenting cermets in microgravity. The cells were operated in a shielded convectionless mode. Comparison with literature data on codeposition with stirred cells indicate significant improvement in volume percent neutral occluded in the depositing metal matrix. A multicell electrodeposition flight apparatus that has been designed, constructed and is undergoing testing is discussed.

Riley, Clyde↗
NASA NTRS1987

Electrodeposition and codeposition under low gravity/nonconvecting conditions

An experimental electrodeposition system was developed for modeling the behavior of inert particles codepositing in an electroplating matrix under low-gravity conditions. The device consists of a Co-electrodeposition cell operating in a convectionless mode (cathode over anode) and containing polystyrene particles with density approximating that of the electroplating solution. Data were obtained in shielded cells at 1 g, and the experiment was duplicated at 0.01 g on a KC-135 flight. No difference was found between convection-free bench experiments and the 0.01 g KC-135 experiments with 0.0900 M CuSO4. Codeposition experiments using 11.8-micron matched-density polystyrene spheres in 1 M CoSO4 have revealed that a noticeable particle gradient is created as the solution density mismatches in the vicinity of the cathode; gentle stirring was required to maintain a homogeneous particle suspension. Cr3C2 dust, which readily disperses at 1 g, tended to coagulate into spherical globules at 0.01 g, when stirred.

Riley, Clyde↗