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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

Dielectric property of NiTiO{sub 3} doped substituted ortho-chloropolyaniline composites

Ortho-chloropolyaniline (OCP)-NiTiO{sub 3} composites have been synthesized via in-situ polymerization of ortho-chloroaniline with various weight percentages of NiTiO{sub 3.} Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic studies of Ortho-chloropolyaniline and its composites indicated the formation of composites as a result of Vander Waal's interaction between OCP and NiTiO{sub 3} particles. Surface morphology of OCP and OCP-NiTiO{sub 3} composites were studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The SEM micrographs indicated a modified morphology after the composite formation. Dielectric properties and electric modulus of OCP and OCP-NiTiO{sub 3} composites have been investigated in the frequency range of 50 Hz – 5 MHz. It has been noticed that electrical resistance decreases with increase in weight percentage of NiTiO{sub 3} particles in polymer matrix as well as with applied frequency. The display of semicircular arcs in Cole-Cole plots indicates the formation of series resistor and capacitor in network causing a decrease in the relaxation time and as a result conductivity enhances in these composites. The facile and cost effective synthesis process and excellent dielectric and conductivity response of these materials makes them promising materials for practical applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Tailoring dielectric properties of ferroelectric-dielectric multilayers

We develop a nonlinear thermodynamic model for multilayer ferroelectric heterostructures that takes into account electrostatic and electromechanical interactions between layers. We concentrate on the effect of relative layer fractions and in-plane thermal stresses on dielectric properties of Ba{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}TiO{sub 3}-, BaTiO{sub 3}-, and PbZr{sub 0.2}Ti{sub 0.8}O{sub 3} (PZT)-SrTiO{sub 3} (STO) multilayers on Si and c-sapphire. We show that dielectric properties of such multilayers can be significantly enhanced by tailoring the growth/processing temperature and the STO layer fraction. Our computations show that large tunabilities (∼90% at 400 kV/cm) are possible in carefully designed barium strontium titanate-STO and PZT-STO even on Si for which there exist substantially large in-plane strains.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Electromagnetic momentum and the energy–momentum tensor in a linear medium with magnetic and dielectric properties

In a continuum setting, the energy–momentum tensor embodies the relations between conservation of energy, conservation of linear momentum, and conservation of angular momentum. The well-defined total energy and the well-defined total momentum in a thermodynamically closed system with complete equations of motion are used to construct the total energy–momentum tensor for a stationary simple linear material with both magnetic and dielectric properties illuminated by a quasimonochromatic pulse of light through a gradient-index antireflection coating. The perplexing issues surrounding the Abraham and Minkowski momentums are bypassed by working entirely with conservation principles, the total energy, and the total momentum. We derive electromagnetic continuity equations and equations of motion for the macroscopic fields based on the material four-divergence of the traceless, symmetric total energy–momentum tensor. We identify contradictions between the macroscopic Maxwell equations and the continuum form of the conservation principles. We resolve the contradictions, which are the actual fundamental issues underlying the Abraham–Minkowski controversy, by constructing a unified version of continuum electrodynamics that is based on establishing consistency between the three-dimensional Maxwell equations for macroscopic fields, the electromagnetic continuity equations, the four-divergence of the total energy–momentum tensor, and a four-dimensional tensor formulation of electrodynamics for macroscopic fields in a simple linear medium.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Correlated rattling-ion origins of dielectric properties in reentrant dipole glasses BaTiO{sub 3}-BiScO{sub 3}

The local structure of the pseudo-cubic solid solution 0.6BaTiO{sub 3}-0.4BiScO{sub 3}, which exhibits reentrant dipole-glass behavior, has been determined using the Reverse Monte Carlo method to simultaneously fit (1) neutron and X-ray total scattering data (including the corresponding real-space pair-distribution functions), (2) Bi and Sc extended X-ray absorption fine structure, and (3) patterns of diffuse scattering in electron diffraction. These structural refinements revealed the multi-site probability density distributions for both Bi (14-sites) and Ti (8 sites), whereas Ba and Sc featured normal unimodal distributions. Bi atoms are displaced along both the 〈111〉 and 〈100〉 directions, while Ti atoms are shifted along 〈111〉. Correlated dynamic hopping of Bi and Ti over their corresponding split sites combined with chemical disorder is proposed as the origin of the strong frequency dispersion observed in dielectric measurements. The existence of split sites also explains the reentrant dipole-glass behavior reported for this system.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Structural and optical characterization of Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanostructures: Evaluation of its dielectric properties

The structural, optical and dielectric properties of as-grown Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanostructures are demonstrated in this paper. Powder X-ray diffractometry analysis confirmed the rhombohedral structure of the material with lattice parameter, a = b = 4.953 Å; c = 13.578 Å, and average crystallize size (62.40 ± 21.3) nm. FE-SEM image illustrated the mixture of different shapes (disk, particle and rod) of as-grown nanostructures whereas; EDS spectrum confirmed the elemental purity of the material. FTIR spectroscopy, revealed the characteristic peaks of Cr–O bond stretching vibrations. Energy band gap (3.2 eV) of the nanostructures has been determined using the results of UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer. The dielectric properties of the material were checked in the wide frequency region (100Hz-30 MHz). In the low frequency region, the matrix of the dielectric behaves like source as well as sink of electrical energy within the relaxation time. Low value of dielectric loss exhibits that the materials posses good optical quality with lesser defects. The ac conductivity of the material in the high frequency region was found according to frequency power law. The physical-mechanism and the theoretical-interpretation of dielectric-properties of Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanostructures attest the potential candidature of the material as an efficient dielectric medium.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

In-plane and through-plane dielectric properties of graphene oxide membrane: Effect of Al 3 + modification

A graphene oxide (GO) membrane can be used in structural dielectric capacitors and planar micro-supercapacitors as a dielectric separator material due to its excellent through-plane and in-plane dielectric properties. The ability to tailor the dielectric properties of the GO membrane is crucial for dielectric applications. We believe this to be the first demonstration describing how Al 3+ ions impact the dielectric properties of the GO membrane through cation to oxygenated functional groups interactions. In this work, the Al 3+ -modification to the GO membrane was realized through a facile pre-coordination method followed by layer-by-layer assembling. The influence of Al 3+ on the GO membranes’ through-plane and in-plane dielectric properties (dielectric constant and dielectric loss) was investigated in the frequency range from 0.01 Hz to 10 5 Hz. Plane-to-plane and edge-to-edge Al 3+ coordination with the functional group on the basal plane or edge of the GO sheets was proposed to understand the metal ion's impact on the dielectric properties. The results demonstrated that the Al 3+ modification was an effective strategy to tailoring the GO membranes’ dielectric properties in a low frequency regime and further suggested the possibility of designing dielectric GO membranes with controllable dielectric performance. At a low frequency range (0.01–1 Hz), the addition of Al 3+ increased the through-plane dielectric constant and decreased the in-plane dielectric constant. In terms of dielectric loss, unmodified GO membranes exhibited a higher in-plane dielectric loss than the through-plane dielectric loss. Al 3+ -modified GO membranes exhibited increased through-plane dielectric loss and decreased in-plane dielectric loss compared to the unmodified GO membranes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Aligned Electrospun Fibers

This review paper examines the current state-of-the-art in fabrication of aligned fibers via electrospinning techniques and the effects of these techniques on the mechanical and dielectric properties of electrospun fibers. Molecular orientation, system configuration to align fibers, and post-drawing treatment, like hot/cold drawing process, contribute to better specific strength and specific stiffness properties of nanofibers. The authors suggest that these improved, aligned nanofibers, when applied in composites, have better mechanical and dielectric properties for many structural and multifunctional applications, including advanced aerospace applications and energy storage devices. For these applications, most fiber alignment electrospinning research has focused on either mechanical property improvement or dielectric property improvement alone, but not both simultaneously. Relative to many other nanofiber formation techniques, the electrospinning technique exhibits superior nanofiber formation when considering cost and manufacturing complexity for many situations. Even though the dielectric property of pure nanofiber mat may not be of general interest, the analysis of the combined effect of mechanical and dielectric properties is relevant to the present analysis of improved and aligned nanofibers. A plethora of nanofibers, in particular, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospun nanofibers, are discussed for their mechanical and dielectric properties. In addition, other types of electrospun nanofibers are explored for their mechanical and dielectric properties. An exploratory study by the author demonstrates the relationship between mechanical and dielectric properties for specimens obtained from a rotating mandrel horizontal setup.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Weak ferromagnetism and temperature dependent dielectric properties of Zn{sub 0.9}Ni{sub 0.1}O diluted magnetic semiconductor

Highlights: • Single phase wurtzite structure was confirmed from XRD analysis. • Weak ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature. • Pure semiconducting properties confirmed from temperature dependent conductivity. • Smaller dielectric properties at higher frequency. • Possible potential application in high frequency spintronic devices. - Abstract: In this study the room temperature ferromagnetic behaviour and dielectric properties of ZnO based diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) have been investigated using nominal chemical composition Zn{sub 0.9}Ni{sub 0.1}O. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed formation of single phase hexagonal wurtzite structure. An increase in grain size with increasing sintering temperature was observed from scanning electron microscopy. Field dependent DC magnetization values indicated dominant paramagnetic ordering along with a slight ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature. Frequency dependent complex initial permeability showed some positive values around 12 at room temperature. In dielectric measurement, an increasing trend of complex permittivity, loss tangent and ac conductivity with increasing temperature were observed. The temperature dependent dispersion curves of dielectric properties revealed clear relaxation at higher temperature. Frequency dependent ac conductivity was found to increase with frequency whereas complex permittivity and loss tangent showed an opposite trend.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Structural evolution, sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of (1−x)Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} + xLiF ceramics

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Structure, sinterability and dielectric properties of LiF-doped Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} were studied. • Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} can be densitied (TD 98%) at lower sintering temperature by LiF additions. • Excellent microwave dielectric properties could be obtained. - Abstract: Structural evolution, sintering behavior, and microwave dielectric properties of (1−x)Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} + xLiF (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.70) ceramics have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman spectra, thermal dilatometry and microwave resonant measurement at the frequency of about 7–11 GHz. The results show that Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} can form limited solid solution with LiF (x ≤ 0.4) and LiF second phase appeared when x{sup 3}0.5. The structure of the solid solution transformed from ordered monoclinic phase (β-Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} (ss)) to disordered cubic rock salt (α-Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} (ss)) when x{sup 3}0.15. The presence of short range ordering was confirmed for the cubic phase. The sinterability was considerably improved by doping with LiF. Densified ceramics with about 95–98% theoretical density could be obtained for the doped compositions after sintering at 900–1150 °C/2 h. An optimized microwave dielectric properties with ε{sub r} of ∼23.6, Q × f of ∼108,000 GHz and τ{sub f} of ∼4.2 ppm/°C could be obtained for the x = 0.1 composition after sintering at 1100 °C/2 h.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Structure, sintering behavior, and microwave dielectric properties of (1 − x) CaWO{sub 4}–xYLiF{sub 4} (0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) ceramics

Highlights: • Structure, sinterability, and dielectric properties of CaWO{sub 4}–YLiF{sub 4} were studied. • CaWO{sub 4} can be densified (TD 97%) at 750 °C/2 h by YLiF{sub 4} doping. • Excellent microwave dielectric properties could be obtained. - Abstract: Structures and sintering behaviors of (1 − x) CaWO{sub 4}–xYLiF{sub 4} (0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) ceramic have been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), dilatometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in this work. The microwave dielectric properties were measured with a network analyzer at the frequency of about 8–15 GHz. Limited solid solution could be formed within the compositional range of x < 0.1. The sintering temperature of CaWO{sub 4} could successfully be reduced to ∼750 °C/2 h by doping with small amount of YLiF{sub 4}. An optimized microwave dielectric properties with ϵ{sub r} = 10.5, Q × f = 73 000 GHz and τ{sub f} = −37.7 ppm/°C could be obtained after sintered at the 750 °C for 2 h for x = 0.04 compositions. XRD and back scattering SEM analysis indicated that the (1 − x) CaWO{sub 4}–xYLiF{sub 4} (x = 0.04) ceramic could be chemically compatible with Ag after sintering at 750 °C/2 h.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Hydrothermal synthesis of doped lanthanum zirconate nanomaterials and the effect of V–Ge substitution on their structural, electrical and dielectric properties

Graphical abstract: Variation of dielectric constant with frequency for all the synthesized materials. - Highlights: • Hydrothermal method has been successfully employed to synthesize the zirconates. • XRD confirmed the formation of required phase. • Increased electrical resistivity makes these materials useful for microwave devices. • Dielectric parameters of zirconates decrease with increasing frequency. • Dielectric constant decreases with increasing substituents concentration. - Abstract: A hydrothermal method was successfully employed for the synthesis of a series of vanadium and germanium co-doped pyrochlore lanthanum zirconates with composition La{sub 2−x}V{sub x}Zr{sub 2−y}Ge{sub y}O{sub 7} (where x, y = 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0). The XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the formation of single phase except vanadium and germanium substituted samples and the crystallite sizes are in the range of 7–31 nm for V{sup 3+}–Ge{sup 4+} substituted samples. The theoretical compositions are confirmed by the ED-XRF studies. The room temperature electrical resistivity increase with the substituents concentration which suggests that the synthesized materials can be used for microwave devices as such devices required highly resistive materials. Dielectric properties were measured in the frequency range of 6 kHz to 1 MHz. The dielectric parameters decrease with increase in frequency. The DC resistivity data is in good agreement with the dielectric data.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Large dielectric permittivity and possible correlation between magnetic and dielectric properties in bulk BaFeO{sub 3−δ}

We report structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of oxygen deficient hexagonal BaFeO{sub 3−δ}. A large dielectric permittivity comparable to that of other semiconducting oxides is observed in BaFeO{sub 3−δ}. Magnetization measurements indicate magnetic inhomogeneity and the system shows a paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition at ∼160 K. Remarkably, the temperature, at which paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition occurs, around this temperature, a huge drop in the dissipation factor takes place and resistivity shoots up; this indicates the possible correlation among magnetic and dielectric properties. First principle simulations reveal that some of these behaviors may be explained in terms of many body electron correlation effect in the presence of oxygen vacancy present in BaFeO{sub 3−δ} indicating its importance in both fundamental science as well as in applications.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Improved gas sensing and dielectric properties of Fe doped hydroxyapatite thick films: Effect of molar concentrations

Highlights: • We report improved gas sensing and dielectric characteristics of Fe ion exchanged HAp films. • Fe doped HAp film shows maximum gas response at relatively lower temperature. • Response and gas uptake capacity of sensors is improved for appropriate amount of Fe ions in HAp matrix. • Fe-HAp films exhibit remarkable improvement in dielectric properties compared to pure HAp. • Fe doped HAp films show significant improvement in gas sensing as well as in dielectric properties. - Abstract: In the present work Fe doped hydroxyapatite (Fe-HAp) thick films has been successfully utilized to improve the gas sensing as well as its dielectric properties. Initially, HAp nano powder is synthesized by chemical precipitation process and later on Fe ions are doped in HAp by ion exchange process. Structural and morphological modifications are observed by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The sensing parameters such as operating temperature, response/recovery time and gas uptake capacity are experimentally determined. The Fe-HAp (0.05 M) film shows improved CO and CO{sub 2} gas sensing capacity at lower operating temperature compared to pure HAp. Moreover, variation of dielectric constant and dielectric loss for pure and Fe-HAp thick films are studied as a function of frequency in the range of 10 Hz–1 MHz. The study reveals that Fe doped HAp thick films improve the sensing and dielectric characteristics as compared to pure HAp.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗