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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

R -Matrix Analysis and Statistical Properties of Dysprosium Isotopes in the Neutron Energy Ranges Up To A Few Kev

In support of the Nuclear Criticality Safety Program, a set of evaluated resonance parameters was generated for seven dysprosium isotopes in the neutron energy range from thermal up to a few keV. The evaluation methodology used the Reich-Moore approximation to fit, with the R-matrix code SAMMY, the high-resolution capture and transmission measurements on natural and enriched samples recently performed at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Gaerttner LINear ACcelerator facility. Additional transmission data measured on enriched samples by Liou at the Columbia University Nevis synchrocyclotron in the mid-seventies were used to gauge the neutron widths above 15 eV. Thermal constants such as absorption and (in)coherent scattering cross sections and corresponding scattering lengths were calibrated to the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s compilation except for 161,164 Dy isotopes.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

Heavy rotation – evolution of quadrupole collectivity centred at the neutron-rich doubly mid-shell nucleus {sup 170}Dy

In this contribution the low-excitation structural properties of the doubly mid-shell nucleus {sup 170}Dy are discussed, with a special empasis on the evolution of the ground state rotational band within the dysprosium isotopic chain. Recent results from an experiment with the EURICA setup at RIKEN are shown in the context of previous measurements at the PRISMA+CLARA as well as the PRISMA+AGATA setups at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro. A brief outlook on future planned measurements is also given.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2013

Discovery of dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, and ytterbium isotopes

Currently, thirty-one dysprosium, thirty-two holmium, thirty-two erbium, thirty-three thulium, and thirty-one ytterbium isotopes have been observed and the discovery of these isotopes is described here. For each isotope a brief synopsis of the first refereed publication, including the production and identification method, is presented.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Transverse laser cooling of a thermal atomic beam of dysprosium

A thermal atomic beam of dysprosium atoms is cooled using the 4f{sup 10}6s{sup 2}(J=8){yields}4f{sup 10}6s6p(J=9) transition at 421 nm. The cooling is done via a standing light wave orthogonal to the atomic beam. Efficient transverse cooling to the Doppler limit is demonstrated for all observable isotopes of dysprosium. Branching ratios to metastable states are demonstrated to be <5x10{sup -4}. A scheme for enhancement of the nonzero-nuclear-spin-isotope cooling and a method for direct identification of possible trap states are proposed.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Fusion of {sup 6}Li with {sup 159}Tb at near-barrier energies

Complete and incomplete fusion cross sections for {sup 6}Li + {sup 159}Tb have been measured at energies around the Coulomb barrier by the {gamma}-ray method. The measurements show that the complete fusion cross sections at above-barrier energies are suppressed by {approx}34% compared to coupled-channel calculations. A comparison of the complete fusion cross sections at above-barrier energies with the existing data for {sup 11,10}B + {sup 159}Tb and {sup 7}Li + {sup 159}Tb shows that the extent of suppression is correlated with the {alpha} separation energies of the projectiles. It has been argued that the Dy isotopes produced in the reaction {sup 6}Li + {sup 159}Tb at below-barrier energies are primarily due to the d transfer to unbound states of {sup 159}Tb, while both transfer and incomplete fusion processes contribute at above-barrier energies.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 168

Nuclear structure data pertaining to all nuclei with mass A=168 (Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt) have been evaluated and incorporated into the ENSDF data file. This evaluation supersedes the previous publication (V.S. Shirley, Nuclear Data Sheets 71, 261 (1994) (literature cutoff date July 1993)) and subsequent ENSDF file revisions for Tb and Dy (C. Baglin, literature cutoff date of 15 June 1999) and Hf (B. Singh, literature cutoff date of 30 April 2001), and includes literature available by 15 June 2010. Since the above evaluations, the first excited states in {sup 168}Pt have been identified (1998Ki20, 2009Go16) and {alpha} decay from {sup 172}Hg has been observed (2009Sa27, 2004Ke06, 1999Se14). New levels in {sup 168}Dy have been excited using the {sup 170}Er({sup 82}Se,{sup 84}Kr{gamma}) reaction (2010So03). (HI,xn{gamma}) studies have significantly expanded our knowledge of level structure in {sup 168}Lu (1999Ka17, 2002Ha33), {sup 168}Ta (2008QiZZ), {sup 168}Yb (1995Fi01), {sup 168}Tm (2007CaZW), {sup 168}Hf (2009Ya21), {sup 168}Os (2001Jo11, 2009Od02) and, for {sup 168}Tm, important information has come also from (d,2n{gamma}) and ({alpha},n{gamma}) reactions (1995Si20). Revised decay schemes are available following new studies of {sup 168}Hf {epsilon} decay (6.7 min) (1997Ba26), {sup 168}Lu {epsilon} decay (1999Ba65), {sup 168}Ta {epsilon} decay (2007Mc08) and {sup 172}Au {alpha} decay (2009Ha42). Significant new information for {sup 168}Er is available from (p,t) (2006Bu09), (d,p) and (t,d) (1996Ma50), ({gamma},{gamma}') (1996Ma18), (136Xe, X{gamma}) (2010Dr02), ({sup 238}U,{sup 238}U{sup '{gamma}}) (2003Wu07) and (n,n{sup '{gamma}}) (1998Be20, 1998Be62) reactions, and the availability of {gamma}{gamma} coin data (1994Ju02, 1996Gi09) for the (n,{gamma}) E=thermal reaction has resulted in some significant level scheme revisions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Measurement of absolute E2 transition strengths in {sup 176}W: Signatures for a rapid shape change

The X(5) symmetry describes nuclei at the critical point of the shape phase transition from axially deformed rotor nuclei to spherical vibrators. {sup 150}Nd, {sup 152}Sm, and {sup 154}Gd were the first nuclei where the predicted characteristics of the X(5) symmetry were observed. Later it was shown that also {sup 176,178,180}Os can be successfully described with the X(5) symmetry.In the close vicinity of shape phase transitions one expects strongly changing nuclear shapes. In the X(5) region around A = 150 this was observed for nuclei with different neutron numbers, whereas in the X(5) region around A = 180 this is to be expected for different proton numbers. The aim of the work presented here is the confirmation of a rapid shape change for nuclei close to {sup 178}Os. Besides the knowledge on the level scheme of the nuclei of interest, especially absolute E2 transition strengths are crucial for the interpretation of nuclear structure. Prolate deformation is expected for {sup 176}W. Thus we performed a recoil distance Doppler shift (RDDS) measurement on {sup 176}W to measure E2 transition strengths from level lifetimes. The experiment was performed at the Cologne FN TANDEM accelerator with the Cologne coincidence plunger with the reaction {sup 169}Dy({sup 16}O,4n){sup 176}W and a beam energy of 80 MeV. We will present our experimental results and relate them to data on the neighboring nuclei {sup 178}Os and {sup 182}Pt. The results will be discussed in the framework of nuclear shape transitions in this mass region and compared to calculations with both the Interacting Boson Model (IBM) and the GCM.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

νi 13/2 structures in 155 Sm and 159 Gd: Supporting evidence of a Z = 60 deformed subshell gap

Maximal ground-state deformation should occur when both proton and neutron Fermi surfaces are located at midshell. However, subshell gaps that stabilize large deformation can exist at proton or neutron values other than midshell. One such gap may occur at Z = 60 in the rare-earth region, as the energy of the first 2 + states in even-even nuclei are often lowest in an isotonic chain for neodymium (Z = 60) rather than the midshell isotopes of dysprosium (Z = 66). Further evidence of this deformed gap has now been observed by investigating the signature splitting systematics of the νi 13/2 bands found in the odd-N, rare-earth nuclei. Furthermore, these were aided by the present observation of the νi 13/2 band in 159 Gd and the confirmation of the same structure in 155 Sm via the transfer of a neutron from a 160 Gd beam to a 154 Sm target.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Lifetime measurements and shape coexistence in {sup 144}Dy

The known level scheme of {sup 144}Dy has been extended and lifetime measurements have been made with the recoil-distance Doppler-shift method. Reduced transition probabilities and deformations have been determined for four low-lying transitions. These states form part of the first observed band crossing, giving information on the change in nuclear deformation resulting from the rearrangement of h{sub 11/2} protons in the nucleus. Two bands built upon excited 10{sup +} states have been assigned pi(h{sub 11/2}){sup 2} prolate and nu(h{sub 11/2}){sup -2} oblate configurations with tau=12(2)ps and 0.01<tau < or approx. 16ns, respectively. These long lifetimes are reasoned to be a result of shape coexistence at low energy and moderate spin. A known four-quasiparticle dipole band has been extended to higher spin and lifetime measurements suggest a long-lived bandhead state. In this case, the excited states in the band may be consistent with a shears model interpretation of a magnetic dipole rotor. However, the measured B(M1)/B(E2) branching ratios reveal a larger than expected deformed rotational component compared with that in the analogous band in the lower mass isotone {sup 142}Gd.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Surrogate ratio methodology for the indirect determination of neutron capture cross sections

The relative gamma-decay probabilities of the {sup 162}Dy to {sup 161}Dy and {sup 162}Dy to {sup 164}Dy residual nuclei, produced using light-ion-induced direct reactions, were measured as a function of excitation energy using the CACTUS array at the Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory. The external surrogate ratio method (SRM) was used to convert these relative gamma-decay probabilities into the {sup 161}Dy(n,gamma) cross section in an equivalent neutron energy range of 130-560 keV. The directly measured {sup 161}Dy(n,gamma) cross section, obtained from the Evaluated Nuclear Data Files (ENDF/B-VII.0), was compared to the experimentally determined surrogate {sup 161}Dy(n,gamma) cross section obtained using compound-nucleus pairs with both similar ({sup 162}Dy to {sup 164}Dy) and dissimilar ({sup 162}Dy to {sup 161}Dy) nuclear structures. A gamma-ray energy threshold was identified, based upon pairing gap parameters, that provides a first-order correction to the statistical gamma-ray tagging approach and improves the agreement between the surrogate cross-section data and the evaluated result.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Thermodynamic properties of hot nuclei within the self-consistent quasiparticle random-phase approximation

The thermodynamic properties of hot nuclei are described within the canonical and microcanonical ensemble approaches. These approaches are derived based on the solutions of the BCS and self-consistent quasiparticle random-phase approximation at zero temperature embedded into the canonical and microcanonical ensembles. The results obtained agree well with the recent data extracted from experimental level densities by the Oslo group for {sup 94}Mo, {sup 98}Mo, {sup 162}Dy, and {sup 172}Yb nuclei.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Discovery of a nonyrast K{sup {pi}}=8{sup +} isomer in {sup 162}Dy, and the influence of competing K-mixing mechanisms on its highly forbidden decay

The {sup 160}Gd({sup 9}Be,{alpha}3n){sup 162}Dy reaction has been used to study high-spin states in {sup 162}Dy. Pulsed beam conditions were utilized for enhanced isomer sensitivity. An isomer at 2188.1(3) keV with a half-life of 8.3(3) {mu}s has been discovered and assigned K{sup {pi}}= 8{sup +} with a two-quasineutron configuration. Among 11 {gamma}-ray decay branches, an E2, {Delta}K=8 transition to the ground-state band was observed with a reduced hindrance of f{sub {nu}}=35, agreeing well with systematics correlating f{sub {nu}} with the product of the valence neutron and proton numbers (N{sub p}N{sub n}) over an extended N,Z range. Small deviations from N{sub p}N{sub n} dependence are analyzed for a range of two-quasiparticle isomer decays and interpreted as arising from a weak dependence on the isomer excitation energy relative to the yrast line.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Multiple-resonance phenomenon in neutrinoless double-electron capture

A superposition of multiple resonance states in neutrinoless double-electron capture in {sup 156}Dy has been discovered. Penning-trap mass spectrometry has been used for atomic-mass-difference measurements and careful calculations of electron wave functions and double-hole binding energies have been performed to determine the resonance-enhancement factors. Transitions to four nuclear excited states in the daughter nuclide {sup 156}Gd have been identified as resonantly enhanced, including one with a full resonant enhancement, within the uncertainty of 100 eV. This phenomenon is unique in that it can be used to probe the mechanisms of neutrinoless processes.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Octupolar-Excitation Penning-Trap Mass Spectrometry for Q-Value Measurement of Double-Electron Capture in {sup 164}Er

The theory of octupolar-excitation ion-cyclotron-resonance mass spectrometry is presented which predicts an increase of up to several orders of magnitude in resolving power under certain conditions. The new method has been applied for a direct Penning-trap mass-ratio determination of the {sup 164}Er-{sup 164}Dy mass doublet. {sup 164}Er is a candidate for the search for neutrinoless double-electron capture. However, the measured Q{sub {epsilon}{epsilon}} value of 25.07(12) keV results in a half-life of 10{sup 30} years for a 1 eV Majorana-neutrino mass.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Theoretical analysis of experimental data on {sup 160}Dy that were obtained in studying beta decay

Nonadiabatic effects manifesting themselves in the energies of excited states and in the probabilities for electric transitions in {sup 160}Dy are studied on the basis of a phenomenological model of the nucleus. The energies of positive-parity low-lying states and the reduced probabilities B(E2) for both intraband and interband transitions between them are calculated. A comparison with experimental data is performed.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗