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Results for “ELECTRIC FUSES”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Smart dim fuse: electrical load flexibility controller using sub-circuit voltage modulation and load sensing

Improved control of electrical power consumption is provided with “Smart Dim Fuses” (SDF) which can alter their output voltage as provided to the load circuits they are connected to. SDF units can replace conventional circuit breakers in electrical panels. The voltage control capability provided by SDF units can lead to improved control of electrical power consumption, since many loads can smoothly operate at lower power consumption when the voltage they are driven with decreases. SDF units can comply with relevant safety requirements, such as uninterrupted neutral connections between electrical mains and load circuits. SDF units can also provide a current limiting function that can substitute for the protective action of conventional circuit breakers.

Goldin, Aaron↗
DOE OSTI2024

Flexible Charging to Unify the Grid and Transportation Sectors for EVs at Scale (FUSE)

Electric vehicle (EV) adoption will expand beyond light-duty vehicles charging at lower-power public locations and family residences to include medium- and heavy-duty applications with more powerful charging at public stations and private depots. The Vehicle Grid Integration (VGI) and Smart Charge Management (SCM) pillar in EVs@Scale supports multiple projects. The FUSE project is developing and evaluating enabling technologies, charging solutions, and infrastructure design approaches to investigate the intricacies and potential benefits of vehicle grid integration and the application of smart charge management to charging of electric vehicles at scale. This presentation summarizes the findings of this research in 2024.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2016

A controllable IC-compatible thin-film fuse realized using electro-explosion

A controllable IC-compatible thin-film fuse was developed that had Al/SiO{sub 2} thin-film stacks on a silicon substrate. The micro fuse has both a traditional mode and a controllable mode when applied as a fuse. It blows at 800 mA and 913.8 mV in the traditional mode. In the controllable mode, it blows within 400 ns at 10 V. It can be used for small electronic elements as well as electropyrotechnic initiators to improve the no-firing current.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

AI-Based Protective Relays for Electric Grid Resiliency

The protection systems (circuit breakers, relays, reclosers, and fuses) of the electric grid are the primary component responding to resilience events, ranging from common storms to extreme events. The protective equipment must detect and operate very quickly, generally <0.25 seconds, to remove faults in the system before the system goes unstable or additional equipment is damaged. The burden on protection systems is increasing as the complexity of the grid increases; renewable energy resources, particularly inverter-based resources (IBR) and increasing electrification all contribute to a more complex grid landscape for protection devices. In addition, there are increasing threats from natural disasters, aging infrastructure, and manmade attacks that can cause faults and disturbances in the electric grid. The challenge for the application of AI into power system protection is that events are rare and unpredictable. In order to improve the resiliency of the electric grid, AI has to be able to learn from very little data. During an extreme disaster, it may not be important that the perfect, most optimal action is taken, but AI must be guaranteed to always respond by moving the grid toward a more stable state during unseen events.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

EVs@Scale FUSE Fall '24 Deep Dive

Electric vehicle (EV) adoption will expand beyond light-duty vehicles charging at lower-power public locations and family residences to include medium- and heavy-duty applications with more powerful charging at public stations and private depots. The Vehicle Grid Integration (VGI) and Smart Charge Management (SCM) pillar in EVs@Scale supports multiple projects. The FUSE project is developing and evaluating enabling technologies, charging solutions, and infrastructure design approaches to investigate the intricacies and potential benefits of vehicle grid integration and the application of smart charge management to charging of electric vehicles at scale. This presentation delves into the technical findings of this research in 2024.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSI↗
DOE OSTI2018

Investigation of the Static and Dynamic Characteristics for a Wafer-Fused C-band VCSEL in the Mode of the Optical-Electric Converter

The results of an experimental study for a long wavelength vertical cavity surface-emitting laser of a wafer-fused construction as an effective resonant cavity enhanced photodetector of analog optical signals are described. The device is of interest for a number of promising microwave photonics applications and for creation of a low-cost photoreceiver in a high-speed fiber optics telecommunication system with dense wavelength division multiplexing. The schematic of the testbed, the original technique allowing to calculate the passband of the built-in optical cavity, and the results of measuring dark current, current responsivity, amplitude- and phase-frequency characteristics during the process of photo-detection are demonstrated.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2020

Optimized Highly Efficient SSCB Using Organic Substrate Packaging for Electric Vehicle Applications

Solid State Circuit Breakers (SSCBs) are an attractive protection solution for their arcless current interruption and fast actuation speeds over mechanical breakers. This paper proposes a Bidirectional SSCB (BSSCB) with a thermally defined and digitally controlled current time profile for fault protection in EV and other low-voltage DC systems. The paper proposes an organic packaging approach utilizing flex circuitry to develop a reliable, cost-effective power module for BSSCBs. The paper studies transient heat transfer in the power modules using finite element analysis (FEA). An RC themal ladder network is extracted to define a fusing curve. To demonstrate and verify the design, a 1kV/50 A SiC MOSFET BSSCB prototype is fabricated and tested, having a power density of 60 W/cm3 and 4x reduction in form factor over presently researched breakers. Also, given are results for 750 V/150 A operation showing interruption in 2.4 μs.

organic power packaging↗
DOE OSTI2015

Sintering Kinetics of Inkjet Printed Conductive Silver Lines on Insulating Plastic Substrate

This paper focuses on sintering kinetics of inkjet printed lines containing silver nanoparticles deposited on a plastic substrate. Upon heat treatment, the change of resistance in the printed lines was measured as a function of time and sintering temperatures from 150 to 200 C. A critical temperature was observed for the sintering process, beyond which there was no further reduction in resistance. Analysis shows the critical temperature correlates to the boiling point of the solvent, which is attributed to a liquid-mediated sintering mechanism. It is demonstrated that the sintering process shuts down after the solvent has completely evaporated.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Additively Manufactured NdFeB Polyphenylene Sulfide Halbach Magnets to Generate Variable Magnetic Fields for Neutron Reflectometry

Halbach arrays are the most efficient closed structures for generating directed magnetic fields and gradients, and are widely used in various electric machines. We utilized fused deposition modeling-based Big Area Additive Manufacturing technology to print customized, compensated concentric Halbach array rings, using polyphenylene sulfide-bonded NdFeB permanent magnets for polarized neutron reflectometry. The Halbach rings could generate a 0 ≤ B ≤ 0.30 T field, while preserving 90% polarization of an axial neutron beam. Polarized neutron beams are used to study a wide range of structural and magnetic phenomena spanning physics, chemistry, and biology. In this study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of additive manufacturing for producing prototype Halbach arrays, characterize their magnetic properties, and generated magnetic fields, and discuss the conservation of neutron beam polarization as a function of magnetic field.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

OLED panel with fuses

Embodiments may provide a first device that may comprise a substrate, a plurality of conductive bus lines disposed over the substrate, and a plurality of OLED circuit elements disposed on the substrate, where each of the OLED circuit elements comprises one and only one pixel electrically connected in series with a fuse. Each pixel may further comprise a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic electroluminescent (EL) material disposed between the first and the second electrodes. The fuse of each of the plurality of OLED circuit elements may electrically connect each of the OLED circuit elements to at least one of the plurality of bus lines. Each of the plurality of bus lines may be electrically connected to a plurality of OLED circuit elements that are commonly addressable and at least two of the bus lines may be separately addressable.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

PV Field Reliability Status--Analysis of 100,000 Solar Systems

In this paper, we analyzed annual production data from 100 000 photovoltaic systems as well as comments relating to their performance and maintenance. Our analysis revealed that 80% to 90% of all systems performed within 10% of the predicted production or better. Also, 56% of the systems were still performing above P50 or the median at 5 years. However, a small but significant tail of about 7000 systems perform below P90 expectations. In general, residential systems have a lower rate of failure than utility or commercial systems. Despite higher rates of component failures, utility systems lose less power than residential or commercial systems. This outcome is likely due to closer monitoring and better operations and maintenance practices. Inverters are still the components that reportedly fail most often (4%-6%), but other failures such as unspecified repair and meters cause more production loss. Reported module failures are relatively rare (0.2%) and are within the range of historical values. Installation quality affects performance and safety as indicated by data showing connector, wiring, breaker, and fuse failures due to undersizing, electrical design, and improper connection. Lastly, early detection of degradation and proactive response resulted in less impact on production than reactive, unplanned repairs.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Additive Manufacturing Advances to Facilitate Novel Robot and Remote System Construction

Additive manufacturing (AM), in both polymer and metal, has advanced to the point where it can substantially facilitates robot and remote system design and implementation. While AM is not a panacea to fix bad design concepts, properly used AM can creates features and capabilities otherwise not possible in machined or cast products. AM design rules are still being developed and must be applied differently based on the process and purpose of the final component, but progress is being made in practical implementation. Polymer-based AM has been commercially available commercially for quite some time and is regularly used to facilitatefor prototyping and test fitting of parts later to be before they are fabricated fromin metal or to produced in low production quantity parts that do not require high structural strength. Metal printing processes are more diverse than polymer print processes. Both polymer and metal printing systems can be used to make parts or complete systems for robotics. Two implementation examples thato illustrate the possibilities and to identify issues that remain in metal printing are: a dual arm hydraulic manipulator and a distal link of an excavator arm. The dual arm hydraulic manipulator was printed in titanium using an e-beam fusing process. All hydraulics and electrical cabling passageways were printed into the manipulator; there are no external hoses or cables. The distal link of an excavator arm was printed using a wire-fed metal inert gas process. The excavator was then used for digging as part of an equipment exposition validating the structural integrity of the printed part.

Noakes, Mark↗
DOE OSTI2018

Additive Manufacturing Advances to Facilitate Novel Robot and Remote System Construction - 18493

Additive manufacturing (AM), in both polymer and metal, has advanced to the point where it can significantly facilitate robot and remote system design and implementation. Properly used AM creates features and capabilities otherwise not possible in machined or cast products. AM design rules are still being developed and must be applied differently based on the process and purpose of the final component, but progress is being made in practical implementation. Polymer-based AM has been commercially available for quite some time and is regularly used for prototyping and test fitting parts before they are fabricated from metal or produced in low production quantity parts that do not require high structural strength. Metal printing processes are more diverse than polymer print processes. Both polymer and metal printing systems can be used to make parts or complete systems for robotics. Two implementation examples that illustrate the possibilities and identify issues that remain in metal printing are: a dual arm hydraulic manipulator and a distal link of an excavator arm. The dual arm hydraulic manipulator was printed in titanium using an e-beam fusing process. All hydraulics and electrical cabling passageways were printed into the manipulator; there are no external hoses or cables. The distal link of an excavator arm was printed using a wire-fed metal inert gas process. The excavator was then used for digging as part of an equipment exposition validating the structural integrity of the printed part. (authors)

3D PRINTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Superatomic molecules with internal electric fields for light harvesting

Traditional p–n junctions used for photovoltaics require an interface where a light induced electron–hole pair is separated by an electric field. Developing alternative strategies for forming strong internal electric fields for electron–hole pair separation offers the possibility for better performance. We demonstrate that fusing two superatomic clusters with donor/acceptor ligands on opposite sides of the cluster leads to such a strong internal electric field. In two fused metal–chalcogenide Re6S8Cl2(L)4 clusters with donor PMe3 ligands and acceptor CO ligands on the opposite sides of the fused clusters, the electronic levels undergo shifts analogous to band bending in traditional p–n junctions. The fused cluster has a large dipole moment, and an optical spectrum that strongly absorbs excitation above the HOMO–LUMO gap of the fused clusters, but is optically very weak for the lowest energy excitation that can lead to electron–hole pair recombination. This is because the electron is localized on the CO portion of the fused cluster, while the electron–hole pair is localized on the PMe3 side of the cluster. It is shown that the electronic states localized on each side of the cluster can be aligned/misaligned by applying a voltage in different directions, offering diode like characteristics.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Detecting Electrical Anomalies via Overlapping Measurements

As cyber-attacks against critical infrastructure become more frequent, it is increasingly important to be able to rapidly identify and respond to these threats. Therefore, we are investigating using multiple independent systems with overlapping electrical measurements to more rapidly identify anomalies. While prior research has explored the benefits of fusing measurements, the possibility of overlapping measurements from an existing electrical system has not been investigated. To that end, we explore the potential benefits of combining overlapping measurements both to improve the speed/accuracy of anomaly detection and to provide additional validation of collected measurements.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

An Electrical Resistance Diagnostic for Conductivity Monitoring in Laser Powder Bed Fusion

With the growing interest in metal additive manufacturing using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), there is a need for advanced in-situ nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods that can dynamically monitor manufacturing process-related variations, that can be used as a feedback mechanism to further improve the manufacturing process, leading to parts with improved microstructural properties and mechanical properties. Current NDE techniques either lack sensitivity beyond build layer, are costly or time-consuming, or are not compatible for in-situ integration. In this research, we develop an electrical resistance diagnostic for in-situ monitoring of powder fused regions during laser powder bed fusion printing. The technique relies on injecting current into the build plate and detecting voltage differences from conductive variations during printing using a simple, cheap four-point electrode array directly connected to the build plate. A computational model will be utilized to determine sensitivities of the approach, and preliminary experiments will be performed during the printing process to test the overall approach.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗