Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “ELECTRON TUBES”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Electron tube

An electron tube of the present invention includes: a vacuum vessel including a face plate portion made of synthetic silica and having a surface on which a photoelectric surface is provided, a stem portion arranged facing the photoelectric surface and made of synthetic silica, and a side tube portion having one end connected to the face plate portion and the other end connected to the stem portion and made of synthetic silica; a projection portion arranged in the vacuum vessel, extending from the stem portion toward the photoelectric surface, and made of synthetic silica; and an electron detector arranged on the projection portion, for detecting electrons from the photoelectric surface, and made of silicon.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2012

Enhancement of x-rays generated by a guided laser wakefield accelerator inside capillary tubes

Electrons accelerated in the nonlinear regime in a laser wakefield accelerator experience transverse oscillations inside the plasma cavity, giving rise to ultra-short pulsed x-rays, also called the betatron radiation. We show that the fluence of x-ray can be enhanced by more than one order of magnitude when the laser is guided by a 10 mm long capillary tube instead of interacting with a 2 mm gas jet. X-rays with a synchrotron-like spectrum and associated critical energy {approx}5 keV, with a peak brightness of {approx}1x10{sup 21} ph/s/mm{sup 2}/mrad{sup 2}/0.1%BW, were achieved by employing 16 TW laser pulses.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

The CLAS12 High Threshold Cherenkov Counter

The High Threshold Cherenkov Counter (HTCC) is one of the detector systems of the CLAS12 spectrometer, and is used to generate a fast trigger signal in electron scattering experiments in the polar angle range from 5°to 35°. The HTCC is installed in front of the drift chambers and introduces a minimal amount of additional material within the acceptance. The HTCC is one unit whose core component is a multifocal mirror that consists of 60 lightweight ellipsoidal mirrors. It is important that the HTCC provides efficient coverage of the CLAS12 forward acceptance with no gaps. In order to achieve this, each sector of the CLAS12 Forward Detector is covered by 2 identical half-sector mirrors that focus Cherenkov light on 8 phototubes. The HTCC has a total of 48 channels with Electron Tubes 9823QKB photomultipliers that have a 5-in quartz face plate to detect Cherenkov light. The system provides rejection of charged -mesons with momenta below 4.8 GeV for the reliable identification of scattered electrons. In this paper the details of the design, construction, calibration, and performance results of the HTCC are presented

Sharabian, Y. G.↗
DOE OSTI2012

Radio frequency phototube

A method and apparatus of obtaining a record of repetitive optical or other phenomena having durations in the picosecond range, comprising a circular scan electron tube to receive light pulses and convert them to electron images consisting with fast nanosecond electronic signals, a continuous wave light or other particle pulses, e.g. electron picosecond pulses, and a synchronizing mechanism arranged to synchronize the deflection of the electron image (images) in the tube (tubes) with the repetition rate of the incident pulse train. There is also provided a method and apparatus for digitization of a repetitive and random optical waveform with a bandwidth higher than 10 GHz.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2017

Low Voltage Electron Beam Processing Final Report CRADA No. TC-645-93-A

This CRADA project was established to develop a small, inexpensive sealed-tube electron beam processing system having immediate applications in industrial, high speed manufacturing processes, and in the Department of Energy (DOE) waste treatment/cleanup operations. The technical work involved the development and demonstration of a compact, sealed, 50-75 kilovolt (kV) EB generator prototype, including controls and power supply. The specific goals of this project were to develop a low cost vacuum tube capable of shooting an electron beam several inches into the air, and to demonstrate that wide area materials processing is feasible by stacking the tubes to produce continuous beams. During the project, we successfully demonstrated the producibility of a low cost electron beam system and several material processing operations of interest to US industry, DOE and, since September 11, 2001, the Homeland Security.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Broadband superluminescent diodes and semiconductor optical amplifiers for the spectral range 750 - 800 nm

We have studied superluminescent diodes (SLDs) and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) based on an (Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x})As/GaAs single quantum well structure with an Al content x {approx} 0.1 in a 10-nm-thick active layer. Depending on the length of the active channel, the single-mode fibre coupled cw output power of the SLDs is 1 to 30 mW at a spectral width of about 50 nm. The width of the optical gain band in the active channel exceeds 40 nm. Preliminary operating life tests have demonstrated that the devices are sufficiently reliable. (lasers)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

K-Modules

K-Modules are capacitive energy modules designed to be stacked together to form a capacitor bank (aka a Marx bank). Discharging the stack produces a single, high voltage, high current pulse that when coupled to an X-ray (or electron) tube, produces energetic X-rays (or an intense electron beam, E-beam). The energetic X-rays are used in Flash X-ray Radiography (FXR), a technique to image objects moving at extremely high speed to measure their speed, shape and internal density profiles. The images help validate computer models for materials behavior under extreme pressure and temperature. FXR is a technology critical to dynamic experiments for the national security mission, and most users are DOE and DOD labs. Febetrons, the X-ray generating devices, are used at these sites and rely on capacitive energy modules for their operation. A stack of the newly developed K-modules will significantly extend the capabilities of these Febetrons

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Low Voltage Electron Beam Processing Final Report CRADA No. TC-0645-93-A

This CRADA project was established to develop a small, inexpensive sealed-tube electron beam processing system with immediate applications in industrial, high speed manufacturing processes and the Deparbnent of Energy (DOE) waste treatment/cleanup operations. The technical work involved the development and demonstration of a compact, sealed, 50-75 kilovolt (kV) EB generator prototype, including controls and power supply.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Performance of a hardened x-ray streak camera at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s National Ignition Facility

Electron tubes continue to provide the highest speeds possible for recording dynamics of hot high-energy density plasmas. Standard streak camera drive electronics and CCD readout are not compatible with the radiation environment associated with high DT fusion yield inertial confinement fusion experiments >10 13 14 MeV DT neutrons or >10 9 n cm -2 ns -1 . Here, we describe a hardened x-ray streak camera developed for the National Ignition Facility and present preliminary results from the first experiment on which it has participated, recording the time-resolved bremsstrahlung spectrum from the core of an inertial confinement fusion implosion at more than 40× the operational neutron yield limit of the previous National Ignition Facility x-ray streak cameras.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2016

Picosecond X-ray streak camera dynamic range measurement

Streak cameras are widely used to record the spatio-temporal evolution of laser-induced plasma. A prototype of picosecond X-ray streak camera has been developed and tested by Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives to answer the Laser MegaJoule specific needs. The dynamic range of this instrument is measured with picosecond X-ray pulses generated by the interaction of a laser beam and a copper target. The required value of 100 is reached only in the configurations combining the slowest sweeping speed and optimization of the streak tube electron throughput by an appropriate choice of high voltages applied to its electrodes.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

A study of space charge induced non-linearity in the Single Line Of Sight camera

We report a new generation of gated x-ray detectors at the National Ignition Facility has brought faster, enhanced imaging capabilities. Their performance is currently limited by the amount of signal they can be operated with before space charge effects in their electron tube start to compromise their temporal and spatial response. We present a technique to characterize this phenomenon and apply it to a prototype of such systems, the Single Line Of Sight camera. Results of this characterization are used to benchmark Particle In Cell simulations of the electrons drifting inside the detector, which are found to well reproduce experimental data. These simulations are then employed to predict the optimum photon flux to the camera, with the goal to increase the quality of the images obtained on an experimental campaign while preventing the appearance of deleterious effects. They also offer some insight into some of the improvements that can be brought to the new pulse-dilation systems being built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2011

Combinatorial study of WInZnO films deposited by rf magnetron co-sputtering

The compositional dependence of co-sputtered tungsten indium zinc oxide (WInZnO) film properties was first investigated by means of a combinatorial technique. Indium zinc oxide (IZO) and WO{sub 3} targets were used with different target power. W composition ratio [W/(In+Zn+W)] was varied between 3 and 30 at% and film thickness was reduced as the sample position moved toward WO{sub 3} target. Furthermore, the optical bandgap energy increased gradually, which might be affected by the reduction in film thickness. All the WInZnO films showed an amorphous phase regardless of the W/(In+Zn+W) ratio. As the W/(In+Zn+W) ratio in WInZnO films increased, the carrier concentration was restricted, causing the increase in electrical resistivity. W cations worked as oxygen binders in determining the electronic properties, resulting in suppressing the formation of oxygen vacancies. Consequentially, W metal cations were effectively incorporated into the WInZnO films as a suppressor against the oxygen vacancies and the carrier generation by employing the combinatorial technique. - Graphical abstract: The film thickness and the sheet resistance (R{sub s}) with respect to the sample position of WInZnO films, which is compositionally graded by rf power for each target, are exhibited. Highlights: > The compositional dependence of co-sputtered WInZnO film properties is first investigated. > W cations work as oxygen binders in determining the electronic properties. > All the WInZnO films show an amorphous phase regardless of the W/(In+Zn+W) ratio. > W metal cations are effectively incorporated into the WInZnO films by the combinatorial technique.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Upgrade and validation on plasma of the Tore Supra CW LHCD generator

A one year-long major upgrade of the 3.7 GHz Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) generator for the Tore Supra (TS) tokamak has been performed. It consisted in installing a first series of eight Thales Electron Devices (TED) 700 kW CW klystrons, new CW components and auxiliaries, and in modifying the transmitter control and protection software. Modifications and calibration of the sensors and the RF subsystems were completed as well. Finally, the RF power available in the generator has been increased by 35% and the pulse duration could reach 1000 s. A complete validation and optimization of the klystrons have been performed in 2010 on matched load before the generator could enter into operation. The eight klystrons connected with the Full Active Multijunction (FAM) antenna delivered 3.5 MW/50s in December 2010. The upgrade of the generator and the steps to validate the modifications are described.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Ultra-High Gradient S-Band Linac for Laboratory And Industrial Applications

A strong demand for high gradient structures arises from the limited real estate available for linear accelerators. RadiaBeam Technologies is developing a Doubled Energy Compact Accelerator (DECA) structure: an S-band standing wave electron linac designed to operate at accelerating gradients of up to 50 MV/m. In this paper, we present the radio-frequency design of the DECA S-band accelerating structure, operating at 2.856 GHz in the {pi}-mode. The structure design is heavily influenced by NLC collaboration experience with ultra high gradient X-band structures; S-band, however, is chosen to take advantage of commonly available high power S-band klystrons.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Electron Bernstein Wave Studies in MST

The overdense plasma in an RFP prevents electromagnetic waves from propagating past the edge, however use of the electron Bernstein wave (EBW) has the potential to heat and drive current in the plasma. MHD simulations have demonstrated that resistive tearing mode stability is very sensitive to gradients in the edge current density profile allowing EBW to potentially be a stabilizing influence. A new MW level experiment is being commissioned on MST to evaluate the potential use of the EBW for current profile control on the RFP. The development of new equipment includes a 5.5 GHz klystron driven by a novel switchmode power supply. A quartz window has been constructed and coupling with a cylindrical molybdenum wave guide antenna has been studied. Due to the steep edge density gradient in the RFP, it is possible to efficiently couple to the EBW with O or X mode launch. The EBW is strongly damped at the electron cyclotron resonance where it couples to the electron gyromotion and alters the electron distribution. Either Fisch-Boozer or Ohkawa current drive mechanisms can be activated to drive off axis current in the plasma. Preliminary experiments have been performed to verify high power coupling and understand heating via observed x-ray emission when compared to Fokker-Plank modeling in CQL3D.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2011

Ion Source Development For The Proposed FNAL 750 keV Injector Upgrade

Currently there is a Proposed FNAL 750 keV Injector Upgrade for the replacement of the 40 year old Fermi National Laboratory (FNAL) Cockcroft-Walton accelerators with a new ion source and 200 MHz Radio Frequency Quadruple (RFQ). The slit type magnetron being used now will be replaced with a round aperture magnetron similar to the one used at Brookhaven National Lab (BNL). Operational experience from BNL has shown that this type of source is more reliable with a longer lifetime due to better power efficiency. The current source development effort is to produce a reliable source with >60 mA of H{sup -} beam current, 15 Hz rep-rate, 100 {mu}s pulse width, and a duty factor of 0.15%. The source will be based on the BNL design along with development done at FNAL for the High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS).

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗