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Results for “Electrical heating”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1998

Forced Convection Boiling and Critical Heat Flux of Ethanol in Electrically Heated Tube Tests

Electrically heated tube tests were conducted to characterize the critical heat flux (transition from nucleate to film boiling) of subcritical ethanol flowing at conditions relevant to the design of a regeneratively cooled rocket engine thrust chamber. The coolant was SDA-3C alcohol (95% ethyl alcohol, 5% isopropyl alcohol by weight), and tests were conducted over the following ranges of conditions: pressure from 144 to 703 psia, flow velocities from 9.7 to 77 ft/s, coolant subcooling from 33 to 362 F, and critical heat fluxes up to 8.7 BTU/in(exp 2)/sec. For the data taken near 200 psia, critical heat flux was correlated as a function of the product of velocity and fluid subcooling to within +/- 20%. For data taken at higher pressures, an additional pressure term is needed to correlate the critical heat flux. It was also shown that at the higher test pressures and/or flow rates, exceeding the critical heat flux did not result in wall burnout. This result may significantly increase the engine heat flux design envelope for higher pressure conditions.

Meyer, Michael L.↗
NASA NTRS1950

Preliminary investigation of heat transfer to water flowing in an electrically heated Inconel tube

A heat-transfer investigation was conducted with water flowing in an electrically heated Inconel tube with an inside diameter of 0.204 inch and a length-diameter ratio of 50 for ranges of Reynolds number up to 100,000 and of entrance pressure up to 200 inches of mercury gage. Correlation of average heat-transfer coefficients was obtained by use of the familiar Nusselt relation, wherein the physical properties of water were evaluated at an average bulk temperature. For conditions in which no boiling occurred, the data gave a good correlation. Runs made in the nucleate-boiling region, however, gave higher values of heat-transfer coefficient than would be predicted by the Nusselt relation.

Kaufman, Samuel J↗
NASA NTRS1945

Heat-transfer tests of aqueous ethylene glycol solutions in an electrically heated tube

As part of an investigation of the cooling characteristics of liquid-cooled engines, tests were conducted with an electrically heated single-tube heat exchanger to determine the heat-transfer characteristics of an-e-2 ethylene glycol and other ethylene glycol-water mixtures. Similar tests were conducted with water and commercial butanol (n-butyl alcohol) for check purposes. The results of tests conducted at an approximately constant liquid-flow rate of 0.67 pound per second (Reynolds number, 14,500 to 112,500) indicate that at an average liquid temperature 200 degrees f, the heat-transfer coefficients obtained using water, nominal (by volume) 30 percent-70 percent and 70 percent-30 percent glycol-water mixtures are approximately 3.8, 2.8, and 1.4 times higher, respectively, than the heat-transfer coefficients obtained using an-e-2 ethylene glycol.

Bernardo, Everett↗
NASA NTRS1977

Electric heating for metal surface hardening

Electrical element heats only desired area and permits precise control of temperature and cooling rate. Process serves as alternative to flame hardening for treating localized areas.

Lockman, N. L.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Low-Cost Electrically-Heated Glass Panels

Inexpensive process converts architectural reflective-coated glass into electrically heated panels. Technique utilizes reflective layer as heating element in ordinary glass. Panels have many applications, including automobile windows, home-heating panels, temperature-controlled windows or containers, and food warming trays.

Shlichta, P. J.↗
NASA NTRS1956

Coking of JP-4 fuels in electrically heated metal tubes

A limited exploratory investigation of the rate of coking of four JP-4 fuels in electrically heated metal tubes was conducted in order to provide design information for fuel prevaporizers for turbojet-engine combustors. The fuels tested included two production and two minimum-quality JP-4 type fuels. The heating tube was operated at fuel pressures of approximately 500, 400, and 50 pounds per square inch. The operating fuel temperature was varied between approximately 600 degrees and 1200 degrees F.

Smith, Arthur L↗
NASA NTRS1988

Boiling oxygen experimental studies in an electrically heated tube

An experimental study was made of subcooled flow boiling with LOX; data were obtained with thermocouples attached to the walls of an electrically heated tube through which the LOX flowed. Pressure levels in the tube ranged from 200 psia to supercritical values, and the cooling level varied from the saturated condition to 50 F. Reynolds numbers ranged from 1.5 x 10 to 3.5 x 10 to the 5th. Results show that an increase in either pressure, subcooling level, or Reynolds number produces an increase in the film boiling heat transfer coefficient. Data for this range of parameters were found to correlate in terms of the Stanton number vs (T sub w - T sub s)/(T sub s - T sub b), where T is temperature, w is the wall, s is the saturated condition, and b is the bulk.

Peroulias, C.↗
NASA NTRS1939

Investigation of an Electrically Heated Airplane Windshield for Ice Prevention, Special Report

A study was made at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics Laboratory of the operation of an electrically heated glass panel, which simulated a segment of an airplane windshield, to determine if ice formations, which usually result in the loss of visibility, could be prevented. Tests were made in the 7- by 3-foot ice tunnel, and in flight, under artificially created ice-forming conditions. Ice was prevented from forming on the windshield model in the tunnel by 1.25 watts of power per square inch with the air temperature at 23 F and a velocity of 80 miles per hour. Using an improved model in flight, ice was prevented by 1.43 watts of power per square inch of protected area and 2 watts per inch concentrated in the rim, with the air temperature at 26 F and a velocity of 120 miles per hour. The removal of a preformed ice cap was effected to a limited extent in the tunnel by the use of 1.89 watts of power per square inch when the temperature and velocity were 25 F and 80 miles per hour, respectively. The results indicate that service tests with an improved design are justified.

Rodert, Lewis A.↗
NASA NTRS2006

Dynamic Response Testing in an Electrically Heated Reactor Test Facility

Non-nuclear testing can be a valuable tool in development of a space nuclear power or propulsion system. In a non-nuclear test bed, electric heaters are used to simulate the heat from nuclear fuel. Standard testing allows one to fully assess thermal, heat transfer, and stress related attributes of a given system, but fails to demonstrate the dynamic response that would be present in an integrated, fueled reactor system. The integration of thermal hydraulic hardware tests with simulated neutronic response provides a bridge between electrically heated testing and full nuclear testing. By implementing a neutronic response model to simulate the dynamic response that would be expected in a fueled reactor system, one can better understand system integration issues, characterize integrated system response times and response characteristics, and assess potential design improvements at a relatively small fiscal investment. Initial system dynamic response testing was demonstrated on the integrated SAFE-100a heat pipe cooled, electrically heated reactor and heat exchanger hardware, utilizing a one-group solution to the point kinetics equations to simulate the expected neutronic response of the system (Bragg-Sitton, 2005). The current paper applies the same testing methodology to a direct drive gas cooled reactor system, demonstrating the applicability of the testing methodology to any reactor type and demonstrating the variation in system response characteristics in different reactor concepts. In each testing application, core power transients were controlled by a point kinetics model with reactivity feedback based on core average temperature; the neutron generation time and the temperature feedback coefficient are provided as model inputs. Although both system designs utilize a fast spectrum reactor, the method of cooling the reactor differs significantly, leading to a variable system response that can be demonstrated and assessed in a non-nuclear test facility.

Bragg-Sitton, Shannon M.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Electrical conductivity of carbonaceous chondrites and electric heating of meteorite parent bodies

The electrical conductivity of samples of the Murchison and Allende carbonaceous chondrites is 4 to 6 magnitudes greater than rock forming minerals such as Olivine up to 700 C. The remarkably high electrical conductivity of these meteorites is attributed to carbon at grain boundaries. The environment in the wake of the space station can be exploited to produce conditions which will allow pyrolysis of carbonaceous chondrites. An experimental package consisting of a one square meter shield attached to a 15 cm diameter by 40 cm long furnace and tied to a conductance bridge, furnace controller, and digital voltmeter inside the space station via umbilical cable could make the required measurements. Since heating rates as low as 0.1 C/hour are required to study kinetics of the pyrolysis reations which are the cause of the high conductivity of the carbonaceous chondrites, experimental times up to 3 months will be needed.

Duba, A.↗
DOE OSTI2026

General-Purpose Heat Source Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator Flight Unit 5 Refurbished (GPHS-RTG F5R) Electrically Heated Thermal Vacuum Testing

Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has been tasked with the evaluation and refurbishment of the General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) Flight Unit 5 (GPHS-RTG F5R or F5R) that was defueled in 2005. This paper describes the testing of F5R in the thermal vacuum chamber and evaluation of the data demonstrating the generator meets updated Cassini-Huygens requirements. The generator produced 260 We of power at the specified 4100 Wth heat source inventory. This power exceeded the power requirement for 250 We , confirming system integrity and demonstrating that the generator is capable of potential NASA missions.

30 - DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗