Generalized interactions using virtual tools within the spring framework: probing, piercing, cauterizing and ablating
We present schemes for real-time generalized interactions such as probing, piercing, cauterizing and ablating virtual tissues. These methods have been implemented in a robust, real-time (haptic rate) surgical simulation environment allowing us to model procedures including animal dissection, microsurgery, hysteroscopy, and cleft lip repair.
Models, Anatomic↗