Oscilloscopic Capture of Greater-Than-100 GHz, Ultra-Low Power Optical Waveforms Enabled by Integrated Electrooptic Devices
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Xiaoxi Wang↗
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Optical Computing Research at NASA
Scientists at the Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), and the Alliance for Nonlinear Optics (ANLO) are working to develop thin-film organic-based materials useful for making optical devices. These devices can use photons exclusively to transmit data, or use both photons and electrons to form electronic/optical hybrids called electrooptic devices.
Abdeldayem, H. A.↗
Optical conversion method
An optical pickup comprising an electrooptical device located between two crossed polarizing devices all positioned along a common optical axis is described for switching a TV system between a color mode and a black and white mode. Embodiments in which the electrooptical system is used as a neutral density filter, a selective color filter, or a light shutter as applied to a television camera are described. Where the optical system is used as a selective color filter to produce light beams of alternating color in a field sequential color television system, deactivation of the optical system renders the television a black and white system.
Perry, W. E.↗
Applications of pilot scanning behavior to integrated display research
The oculometer is an electrooptical device designed to measure pilot scanning behavior during instrument approaches and landing operations. An overview of some results from a simulation study is presented to illustrate how information from the oculometer installed in a visual motion simulator, combined with measures of performance and control input data, can provide insight into the behavior and tactics of individual pilots during instrument approaches. Differences in measured behavior of the pilot subjects are pointed out; these differences become apparent in the way the pilots distribute their visual attention, in the amount of control activity, and in selected performance measures. Some of these measured differences have diagnostic implications, suggesting the use of the oculometer along with performance measures as a pilot training tool.
Waller, M. C.↗
Low altitude, one centimeter, space debris search at Lincoln Laboratory's (M.I.T.) experimental test system
The majority of work performed by the Lincoln Laboratory's Space Surveillance Group, at the request of NASA, to define the near-earth population of man-made debris is summarized. Electrooptical devices, each with a 1.2 deg FOV, were employed at the GEODSS facility in New Mexico. Details of the equipment calibration and alignment procedures are discussed, together with implementation of a synchronized time code for computer controlled videotaping of the imagery. Parallax and angular speed data served as bases for distinguishing between man-made debris and meteoroids. The best visibility was obtained in dawn and dusk twilight conditions at elevation ranges of 300-2000 km. Tables are provided of altitudinal density distribution of debris. It is noted that the program also yielded an extensive data base on meteoroid rates.
Taff, L. G.↗
Optical image subtraction techniques, 1975-1985
Real- and nonreal-time optical image subtraction (OIS) techniques are reviewed. Real-time OIS techniques include source encoding, polarization modulation, pseudocolor image difference detection, the holographic shear lens technique, and nonlinear optics. Included in the nonreal-time category are speckle diffuser encoding, speckle-pattern encoding, halftone screen encoding, and polarization-shifted encoding. It is concluded that the most useful techniques are the real-time operations. It is noted that some nonreal-time optical techniques can be applied directly while others may be converted into real-time ones through the use of advance real-time spatial light modulators or electrooptic devices.
Liu, Hua-Kuang↗
High speed photography, videography, and photonics V; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, Aug. 17-19, 1987
Recent advances in high-speed optical and electrooptic devices are discussed in reviews and reports. Topics examined include data quantification and related technologies, high-speed photographic applications and instruments, flash and cine radiography, and novel ultrafast methods. Also considered are optical streak technology, high-speed videographic and photographic equipment, and X-ray streak cameras. Extensive diagrams, drawings, graphs, sample images, and tables of numerical data are provided.
Johnson, Howard C.↗
Design procedures of high speed low loss fiberoptic links
Losses in short-haul broadband fiber-optic links are primarily due to many characteristics of electrooptic devices. In particular, electrical mismatch at the electrical/optical interfaces have been the dominant source of loss. Losses can be significantly reduced and link performance enhanced by reactive matching of the laser and detector modules. The steps in the design of low-loss fiber-optic links are presented, which are on the basis of (1) two-tier deembedding of laser and photodiodes from test fixtures and (2) reactively matching them to a standard 50-ohm system. These concepts are demonstrated by design of a link operating at 0.5 to 1 GHz using reactively matched optical transmitter and receiver modules.
Daryoush, A. S.↗
Solid State Research
This report covers in detail the research work of the Solid State Division at Lincoln Laboratory for the period 1 May-31 July 1995. The topics covered are: Electrooptical Devices, Quantum Electronics, Materials Research, Submicrometer Technology, High Speed Electronics, Microelectronics, and analog device technology. Funding is provided primarily by the Air Force, with additional Support provided by the Army, ARPA, Navy, BMDO, NASA and NIST.
Shaver, David C.↗
Solid State Research
This report covers in detail the research work of the Solid State Division at Lincoln Laboratory for the period 1 May - 31 July 1996. The topics covered are Electrooptical Devices, Quantum Electronics, Materials Research, Submicrometer Technology, High Speed Electronics, Microelectronics, and Analog Device Technology. Funding is provided primarily by the Air Force, with additional Support provided by the Army, DARPA, Navy, BMDO, NASA, and NIST.
SOLID STATE PHYSICS↗
MgB2-Based Bolometer Array for Far Infra-Red Thermal Imaging and Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Applications
The mid-superconducting critical temperature (T(sub c) approximately 39 K) of the simple binary, intermetallic MgB, [1] makes it a very good candidate for the development of the next generation of electrooptical devices (e.g. [2]). In particular, recent advances in thin film deposition teclmiques to attain higb quality polycrystalline thin film MgB, deposited on SiN-Si substrates, with T(sub c) approximately 38K [3] coupled with the low voltage noise performance of the film [4] makes it higbly desirable for the development of moderately cooled bolometer arrays for integration into future space-bourne far infra-red (FIR) spectrometers and thermal mappers for studying the outer planets, their icy moons and other moons of interest in the 17-250 micrometer spectral wavelength range. Presently, commercially available pyroelectric detectors operating at 300 K have specific detectivity, D(*), around 7 x 10(exp 8) to 2 x 10(exp 9) centimeters square root of Hz/W. However, a MgB2 thin film based bolometer using a low-stress (less than 140 MPa) SiN membrane isolated from the substrate by a small thermal conductive link, operating at 38 K, promises to have two orders of magnitude higher specific detectivity [5][6].
Lakew, B.↗
Electro-optical characterization of the Tektronix TK512M-011 charge-coupled device
An electrooptical characterization encompassing linearity, blooming, dark-count rate, charge-transfer efficiency (CTE), and quantum efficiency, is presented for a front/side-illuminated CCD with 512x512 format and 27x27-micron pixels. The detailed noise characteristics of the CCD-output FET are reported. While very good low light level CTE is obtained in the parallel-shift direction, CTE problems arise in the serial direction. The output FET noise is equivalent to 5-12 electrons, depending on FET operating conditions and system bandwidth.
Epperson, Patrick M.↗
Highly Non-Linear Optical (NLO) organic crystals and films. Electrooptical organic materials
Devices employing nonlinear optics (NLO) hold great promise for important applications in integrated optics, optical information processing and telecommunications. Properly designed organics possess outstanding optical and electrooptical properties which will substantially advance many technologies including electrooptical switching, optical amplification for communications, and parallel processing for hybrid optical computers. A brief comparison of organic and inorganic materials is given.
Mcmanus, Samuel P.↗
Real-time incoherent-to-coherent optical converter
Description of a real-time incoherent-to-coherent optical converter designed for application in image processing systems. The converter utilizes the photoconductivity effect of the compound Bi(12)SiO(20) for spatial modulation of electrical polarization in the compound. An optically absorbed write-in image is stored as an image polarization pattern in the device. Readout is effectuated electrooptically by using phase retardation in a polarized coherent light beam during the passage through the crystal. The operating mode required for achieving continuous image conversion with a high-speed recyclability is discussed. The performance characteristics of the converter are given and the fabrication technology is described.
Vohl, P.↗
Design and Fabrication of a Fabry-Perot Electrooptic Modulator
The research to design a Fabry-Perot electrooptic modulator with an intracavity electrooptically active organic material is based on the initial results of Wang et. al. using poled polymer thin films. The main feature of the proposed device is the observation that in traditional electrooptic modulators like a Pockels cell, it requires few kilovolts of driving voltage to cause a 3 dB modulation even in high figure-of-merit electrooptic materials like LiNbO3. The driving voltage for the modulator can be reduced to as low as 10 volts by introducing the electrooptic material inside the resonant cavity of a Fabry-Perot modulator. This is because the transmission of the Fabry-Perot cavity varies nonlinearly with the change of refractive index or phase of light due to applied electric field. We describe in this report the progress made so far in the design and fabrication of the proposed device.
Banks, C.↗
Design and Fabrication of a Fabry-Perot Electrooptic Modulator
The research to design a Fabry-Perot electrooptic modulator with an intracavity electrooptically active organic material is based on the initial results of Wang et. al. [1] using poled polymer thin films. The main feature of the proposed device is the observation that in traditional electrooptic modulators like a Pockels cell, it requires few kilovolts of driving voltage to cause a 3 dB modulation even in high figure-of-merit electrooptic. materials like LiNbO3. The driving voltage for the modulator can be reduced to as low as 10 volts by introducing the electrooptic material inside the resonant cavity of a Fabry-Perot modulator. This is because the transmission of the Fabry-Perot cavity varies nonlinearly with the change of refractive index or phase of light due to applied electric field. We describe in this report the progress made so far in the design and fabrication of the proposed device.
Banks, C.↗
Application of the strongly coupled-mode theory to integrated optical devices
A theory for strongly coupled waveguides is discussed and applied to two- and three-waveguide couplers and optical wavelength filters. This theory makes use of an exact analytical relation governing the coupling coefficients and the overlap integrals. It removes almost all of the constraints imposed by a simpler and approximate coupled-mode theory by Marcatili (1986). It also satisfies the energy conservation and the reciprocity theorem self-consistently. Very good numerical results with the overlap integral as large as 49 percent are shown. The applications to electrooptical modulators, power dividers, power transfer devices, and optical filters are all presented with numerical results.
Chuang, Shun-Lien↗
Development of the sonic pump levitator
The process and mechanism involved in producing glass microballoons (GMBs) of acceptable quality for laser triggered inertial fusion through use of glass jet levitation and manipulation are considered. The gas jet levitation device, called sonic pumps, provides positioning by timely and appropriate application of gas mementum from one or more of six sonic pumps which are arranged orthogonally in opposed pairs about the levitation region and are activated by an electrooptical, computer controlled, feedback system. The levitation device was fabricated and its associated control systems were assembled into a package and tested in reduced gravity flight regime of the NASA KC-135 aircraft.
Dunn, S. A.↗